>Rodw: Disambiguated: Hazara → Hazara, Pakistan, Laghman → Laghman Province

2021-09-30T14:35:42Z

Disambiguated: Hazara → Hazara, Pakistan, Laghman → Laghman Province

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[[File:Tibet and surrounding areas topographic map 2.png|thumb|Tibet and surrounding areas]]
'''High-Mountain Asia''' ('''HMA''') is a high-[[elevation]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/high-altitude-forests-in-the-himalayas-harder-hit-by-droughts/ | website = [[Scientific American]] | title = High-Altitude Forests in the Himalayas Harder Hit by Droughts | last = Qiu | first = Jane | date = January 27, 2015 | access-date = July 25, 2017 }}</ref> [[geographic region]] in [[Asia]] that includes numerous [[cordillera]] and [[highland]] systems around the [[Tibetan Plateau]], encompassing regions of [[East Asia|East]], [[Southeast Asia|Southeast]], [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]]. The region was [[orogenic]]ally formed by the [[continental collision]] of the [[Indian Plate]] into (and [[subduction|underneath]]) the [[Eurasian Plate]].

According to [[NASA]], the region is the "world's largest reservoir of perennial [[glacier]]s and [[snowfield|snow]] outside of the Earth's [[polar ice cap|polar ice sheet]]s",<ref>{{cite web | title = NASA Research Announcement: Understanding Changes in High Mountain Asia | website = [[NASA]] Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System | access-date = July 25, 2017 | first = Anthony | last = Arendt | date = December 2, 2016 | url = https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7B543B121B-9366-B564-9E67-F265368D1B03%7D}}</ref> and has been nicknamed the "[[Third Pole]]". Their [[meltwater]]s and [[surface runoff|runoff]]s form the [[headwater]]s of [[river system]]s that support the [[drinking water]] and [[food production]] of nearly 3 billion people, and [[hydrological]] and [[climate change]]s in the mountains affect "[[ecosystem services]], [[agriculture]], [[energy]] and [[livelihood]]"<ref name = maggioni>{{cite web | url = http://civil.gmu.edu/news/fall-2016/dr-viviana-maggioni-receives-two-awards-from-nasa-to-study-hyper-resolution-in-soil-moisture-land-modeling-and-data-assimilation | website = [[George Mason University]] | access-date = July 26, 2017 | title = Dr. Viviana Maggioni Receives Two Awards from NASA to Study Hyper-Resolution in Soil Moisture Land Modeling and Data Assimilation | date = 2016 }}</ref> for all the surrounding areas.<ref>{{citation | url = https://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2015/kathmandu/Kathmandu2ndCirc_web.pdf | publisher = [[International Glaciological Society]] | title = International Symposium on Glaciology in High-Mountain Asia | date = July 2014 | access-date =July 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name= naturePritchard>{{cite journal | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | title = Asia's glaciers are a regionally important buffer against drought | last = Pritchard | first = Hamish D. | date = May 22, 2017 | doi = 10.1038/nature22062 | pmid = 28492255 | volume = 545 | issue = 7653 | pages = 169–174 }}</ref> NASA has a High Mountain Asia Team (HiMAT) to study the region.<ref name = maggioni />

Recently, in a 2020 study the term High Asia or High Mountain Asia was used metaphorically to categorise [[Kashmir]], [[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]], [[Nuristan]], [[Laghman Province|Laghman]], [[Azad Kashmir]], [[Jammu]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Ladakh]], [[Gilgit Baltistan]], [[Chitral]], [[Western Tibet]], Western [[Xinjiang]], [[Badakhshan]], [[Gorno Badakhshan]],[[Fergana]], [[Osh]] and [[Turkistan Region]]. These rich resource areas are surrounded by the five major mountainous systems of [[Tien Shan]], [[Pamirs]], [[Karakoram]], [[Hindu Kush]] and [[Western Himalayas]] and the three main river systems of [[Amu Darya]], [[Syr Darya]] and [[Indus]]. The work futher highlighted the role of [[USA]], [[China]], [[Russia]], [[UK]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkey]], [[Iran]] and other players involved in the [[The New Great Game]] over who will dominate High Asia in the 21st century.<ref>{{cite thesis| last = Sharma| first = Vishal| year = 2020| title = Civilizational Colonialism and the Ongoing New Great Game in the Sensitive Areas of High Asia: Exploring Pan-High Asianism as the
potential way forward for the Western Pahari, Greater Dardic, Trans-Himalayan, Badakhshan and Sogdiana
Belts possibly leading to High Asian Approaches to International Law (HAAIL)| place = Cardiff| publisher = Cardiff University | url= https://www.academia.edu/51136938/Civilizational_Colonialism_and_the_ongoing_New_Great_Game_in_the_Sensitive_Areas_of_High_Asia_Pan_High_Asianism_as_the_potential_way_forward_for_the_Western_Pahari_Greater_Dardic_Trans_Himalayan_Badakhshan_and_Sogdiana_Belts_possibly_leading_to_High_Asian_Approaches_to_International_Law|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Academia|</ref>

==Geography==
High-Mountain Asia is centered around [[Tibetan Plateau]] (a.k.a. the "[[Roof of the World]]"), and extends to the surrounding regions as numerous [[mountain range]]s:
*south — the [[Himalayas]] and [[Arakan Mountains]];
*southeast — the [[Hengduan Mountains]], [[Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau|Yun-Gui Plateau]] and [[Shan Hills|Shan]]-[[Tenasserim Hills|Tenasserim]] ranges;
*east — the [[Qinling Mountains]] and various ranges that edge the [[Sichuan Basin]];
*north — the [[Qilian Mountains]], [[Kunlun Mountains]], [[Tian Shan]] ranges and (arguably) [[Altai Mountains]] as well as parts of the [[Mongolian Plateau]];
*northwest — the [[Pamir-Alay]] and [[Pamir Mountains]];
*west and southwest — the [[Karakoram]], [[Hindu Kush]] and [[Sulaiman Mountains|Sulaiman]]-[[Kirthar Mountains]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://escience.washington.edu/nasa-high-mountain-asia-project/ | website = [[University of Washington]] eScience Institute: [[NASA]] High-Mountain Asia Project | access-date = July 25, 2017 | title = NASA High Mountain Asia Project}}</ref><ref name = naturePritchard />

These mountain range networks contains [[list of highest mountains on Earth#List of world's highest peaks|all 14 peaks above {{cvt|8000|m}}]] and [[list of highest mountains on Earth#List of world's highest peaks|all of the peaks above {{cvt|7200|m}}]], and expand across the mountainous [[China|Chinese]] [[provinces of China|provinces]] of [[Tibet]], [[Xinjiang]], [[Sichuan]] and [[Yunnan]] (including the flat and depressed [[Tarim Basin]] in [[southern Xinjiang]], which contains China's largest desert, the [[Taklamakan]]),<ref>{{cite journal | journal = [[Global and Planetary Change]] | title = Precipitation variability in High Mountain Asia from multiple datasets and implication for water balance analysis in large lake basins | last1 = Song | first1 = Chunqia | last2=Huang | first2 = Bo | last3 = Ke | first3=Linghong | last4 = Ye | first4 = Qinghua | date = October 2016 | doi = 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.08.005 | volume = 145 | pages = 20–29 }}</ref> northern [[Myanmar]], the Himalayan nations of [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]] as well as north/northwestern [[Pakistan]] and northeastern [[India]], and most of the southeastern [[Central Asia]]n nations of [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]] and [[Afghanistan]]. Their [[rain shadow]]s are partly responsible for the [[BWk|cold arid climate]] in parts of Central Asia and the Mongolian Plateau.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Regions of Asia}}

[[Category:Mountain ranges of Asia]]

{{Asia-geo-stub}}

High-mountain Asia - Revision history

>Rodw: Disambiguated: Hazara → Hazara, Pakistan, Laghman → Laghman Province