Ajay Kumar: Created page with "{{IPA key|H:IPA-GU}} The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Gujarati language pron..."

2021-07-30T08:21:06Z

Created page with "{{IPA key|H:IPA-GU}} The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Gujarati language pron..."

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{{IPA key|H:IPA-GU}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Gujarati language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-gu}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See [[Gujarati phonology]] for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Gujarati.

{| style="background:none;"
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4"| [[Consonant]]s
|-
! IPA !! [[Gujarati alphabet|Gujarati]] !! [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]] !! English approximation
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| બ || b || style="text-align:left;" | '''b'''at
|-
|<big> {{IPA|bʱ}}</big>
| ભ || bh || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big> {{IPA|β}}</big><ref name=spirant/>
| ભ || bh || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like a'''v'''erse
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|d̪|d}}</big>
| દ || d || style="text-align:left;" | '''d'''og
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ð}}</big><ref name=spirant/>
| ધ || dh || style="text-align:left;" | o'''th'''er
|-
|<big> {{IPA|dʱ}}</big>
| ધ || dh || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɖ}}</big>
| ડ || ḍ || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like co'''rd'''
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɖʱ}}</big>
| ઢ || ḍh || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big>
| જ || j || style="text-align:left;" | '''j'''ack
|-
|<big> {{IPA|dʒʱ}}</big>
| ઝ || jh || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big> {{IPA|f}}</big><ref name=spirant/>
| ફ || ph || style="text-align:left;" | a'''f'''raid
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| ગ || g || style="text-align:left;" | '''g'''ate
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɡʱ}}</big>
| ઘ || gh || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɣ}}</big><ref name="spirant">The voiced aspirated stops {{IPA|/ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/}} and {{IPA|/pʰ/}} have [[spirant]] [[allophone]]s {{IPA|[ɣ, ð, β, f]}}.{{Harvcoltxt|Cardona|Suthar|2003|p=665}}</ref>
| ઘ || gh || style="text-align:left;" | '''g'''o, ''but without completely blocking airflow on the '''g'''''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
| ઃ || ḥ || style="text-align:left;" | '''h'''ead
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɦ}}</big>
| હ || h || style="text-align:left;" | a'''h'''ead
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
| ય|| y || style="text-align:left;" | '''y'''ak
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| ક || k || style="text-align:left;" | s'''c'''old
|-
|<big> {{IPA|kʰ}}</big>
| ખ || kh || style="text-align:left;" | '''c'''old
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| લ || l || style="text-align:left;" | '''l'''eaf
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɭ}}</big>
| ળ || l || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like Me'''rl'''in
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
| મ || m || style="text-align:left;" | '''m'''uch
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
| ન || n || style="text-align:left;" | '''n'''ot
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɳ}}</big>
| ણ || ṇ || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like bu'''rn'''er
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
| ઞ || ñ || style="text-align:left;" | ca'''ny'''on
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
| ઙ || ṅ || style="text-align:left;" | ba'''n'''k
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| પ || p || style="text-align:left;" | s'''p'''an
|-
|<big> {{IPA|pʰ}}</big>
| ફ || ph || style="text-align:left;" | '''p'''an
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɾ}}</big>
| ર || r || style="text-align:left;" | bu'''tt'''er (American English)
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɽ}}</big><ref name="retroflex">The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal {{IPA|/ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/}} have [[Flap consonant|flapped]] allophones {{IPA|[ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]}}. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.{{Harvcoltxt|Mistry|1997|p=659}} The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.{{Harvcoltxt|Masica|1991|p=97}}.</ref>
| ડ || ḍ || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like mu'''rd'''er
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɽʱ}}</big><ref name=retroflex/>
| ઢ || ḍh || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɽ̃}}</big><ref name=retroflex/>
| ણ || ṇ || style="text-align:left;" | as above, but nasal
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|s̪|s}}</big><ref name=sibilant>While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions {{IPA|[ʃ]}} appears contiguous with palatal segments and {{IPA|[ʂ]}} appears before retroflex consonants: {{IPA|[spəʂʈ]}} ('clear').{{Harvcoltxt|Mistry|1997|p=658}}</ref>
| સ || s || style="text-align:left;" | '''s'''ue
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}</big><ref name=sibilant/>
| ષ || ṣ || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like wo'''rsh'''ip
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big><ref name=sibilant/>
| શ || ś || style="text-align:left;" | '''sh'''eep
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}</big>
| ત || t || style="text-align:left;" | s'''t'''op
|-
|<big> {{IPA|tʰ}}</big>
| થ || th || style="text-align:left;" | '''t'''op
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʈ}}</big>
| ટ || ṭ || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like cou'''rt'''
|-
|<big> ʈʰ</big>
| ઠ || ṭh || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like '''tr'''ee
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big>
| ચ || c || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like ca'''tch'''
|-
|<big> {{IPA|tʃʰ}}</big>
| છ || ch || style="text-align:left;" | '''ch'''eese
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʋ}}</big>
| વ || v || style="text-align:left;" | '''v'''ine
|}
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4"| [[Vowel]]s
|-
! IPA !! [[Gujarati alphabet|Gujarati]] !! [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]] !! English approximation
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɑ}}</big>
| આ, કા || ā || style="text-align:left;" | br'''a'''
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|æ}}</big>
| || || style="text-align:left;" | c'''a'''sh
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|e}}</big>
| એ, કે || e || style="text-align:left;" | p'''ay'''
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
| ઍ, કૅ || â || style="text-align:left;" | b'''e'''d
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
| અ, ક || a || style="text-align:left;" | '''a'''bout
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| ઇ/ ઈ, કિ/ કી|| i || style="text-align:left;" | s'''ee'''
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|o}}</big>
| ઓ, કો || o || style="text-align:left;" | st'''o'''ry
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
| ઑ, કૉ || ô || style="text-align:left;" | '''o'''ff
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
| ઉ/ ઊ, કુ/ કૂ || u || style="text-align:left;" | l'''oo'''k
|-
|<big> {{IPA|əj}}</big>
| ઐ, કૈ || ai || style="text-align:left;" | Somewhat like k'''i'''te
|-
|<big>{{IPA|əʋ}}</big>
| ઔ, કૌ || au || style="text-align:left;" | Somewhat like h'''ou'''se
|}
<br>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4"| Other symbols
|-
! IPA !! [[Gujarati alphabet|Gujarati]] !! [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]] !! Notes
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|◌̃}}</big>
| ં || ṃ || style="text-align:left;" | [[nasal vowel]] ({{IPA|[õː]}}, etc.)
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|◌̃}}</big>
| ◌̤ || || style="text-align:left;" | [[murmured vowel]]<ref>Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/o/}}.{{Harvcoltxt|Cardona|Suthar|2003|p=662}} {{Harvcoltxt|Mistry|2003|p=116}}.</ref>
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ː}}</big>
|
|
|Length: Vowels are long when nasal (e.g. {{IPA|[moʈʈũː]}}
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ˈ}}</big>
|
|
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | stress <br>(placed before stressed syllable)
|}
|}

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
* {{citation
| last1= Cardona
| first1= George
| year= 2003
| authorlink1= George Cardona
| last2= Suthar
| first2= Babu
| authorlink2= Babu Suthar
| chapter= Gujarati
| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&pg=PA659&dq=indo-aryan+languages
| editor1-last= Cardona
| editor1-first= George
| editor2-last= Jain
| editor2-first= Dhanesh
| title= The Indo-Aryan Languages
| publisher= Routledge
| isbn= 978-0-415-77294-5
}}
* {{citation
| last= Masica
| first= Colin
| authorlink= Colin Masica
| year= 1991
| title= The Indo-Aryan Languages
| place= Cambridge
| publisher= Cambridge University Press
| isbn= 978-0-521-29944-2
| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=indo-aryan+languages
}}
* {{citation
| last= Mistry
| first= P.J.
| year= 1997
| chapter= Gujarati Phonology
| editor-last= Kaye
| editor-first= A.S
| title= Phonologies of Asia and Africa
| place= Winona Lake
| publisher= Eisenbrauns
| isbn = 1-57506-019-1
}}
* {{citation
| last= Mistry
| first= P.J.
| year= 2003
| chapter= Gujarati
| editor-last= Frawley
| editor-first= William
| title= International Encyclopedia of Linguistics
| edition= 2nd
| place= Oxford
| publisher= Oxford University Press
| volume= 2
| isbn = 0-19-516784-8
}}

{{IPA keys}}

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Ajay Kumar: Created page with "{{IPA key|H:IPA-GU}} The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Gujarati language pron..."