Bharatwiki Socrates: Changed redirect target from Hellenistic Period to Hellenistic period

2023-11-26T01:55:11Z

Changed redirect target from Hellenistic Period to Hellenistic period

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	#REDIRECT[[Hellenistic ~~Period~~]]		#REDIRECT[[Hellenistic period]]

Bharatwiki Socrates: Redirected page to Hellenistic Period

2023-11-26T01:54:14Z

Redirected page to Hellenistic Period

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2023-11-24T05:35:25Z

Terracotta army: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 24 November 2023
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	\| footer =''[[The Acrobats]]'', some of the most naturalistic statues of the Chinese [[Terracotta Army]] (210–209 BC)		\| footer =''[[The Acrobats]]'', some of the most naturalistic statues of the Chinese [[Terracotta Army]] (210–209 BC)
	}}		}}
	Since the time of their discovery, the figures of the Chinese [[Terracotta Army]] (210–209 BC) have been noted for their exceptional stylistic realism and individualism.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=von Falkenhausen \|first=Lothar \|date=2008 \|title=Action and Image in Early Chinese Art \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44171471 \|journal=Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie \|volume=17 \|pages=51–91 \|doi=10.3406/asie.2008.1272 \|jstor=44171471 \|issn=0766-1177 \|access-date=30 January 2023 \|archive-date=30 January 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130043011/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44171471 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Chen \|first=Yumin \|date=2013 \|title=Reflections on China's First Collection of Terracotta Acrobats (an exhibition review) \|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1470357213498175 \|journal=Visual Communication \|language=en \|volume=12 \|issue=4 \|pages=497–502 \|doi=10.1177/1470357213498175 \|s2cid=147420437 \|issn=1470-3572 \|access-date=30 January 2023 \|archive-date=30 January 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130043016/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1470357213498175 \|url-status=live }}</ref> The earliest note on this aspect was that of 20th century art historian German Hafner who, in 1986, was the first to speculate on a possible [[Hellenistic]] link to these sculptures due to the unusual display of naturalism relative to general Qin era sculpture: "the art of the terracotta army originated from Western contact, originated from knowledge of Alexander the Great and the splendor of Greek art".<ref name="Duan">{{Cite journal \|last=Qingbo \|first=Duan \|date=2022 \|title=Sino-Western Cultural Exchange as Seen through the Archaeology of the First Emperor's Necropolis \|journal=Journal of Chinese History 中國歷史學刊 \|volume=7 \|language=en \|pages=21–72 \|doi=10.1017/jch.2022.25 \|s2cid=251690411 \|issn=2059-1632 \|doi-access=free\|quote=More than thirty-five years ago [1986], there was a European scholar (German Hafner, 1911–2008) who considered that the art of the terracotta army “originated from Western contact, originated from knowledge of Alexander the Great and the splendor of Greek art.” Lukas Nickel of SOAS has put forward a similar proposition.}}</ref> This idea was also generally supported by Duan Qingbo, director of the excavation team at the First Emperor's necropolis between 1998 to 2008,<ref name="Duan"/> or by Professor Lukas Nickel of [[SOAS University of London\|SOAS]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.soas.ac.uk/news/newsitem89619.html \|title=Early links with West likely inspiration for Terracotta Warriors, argues SOAS scholar \|website=School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London \|access-date=28 December 2013 \|archive-date=6 October 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162216/https://www.soas.ac.uk/news/newsitem89619.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Li Xiuzhen, senior archaeologist from the Mausoleum Site Museum, acknowledged Western influence but insisted on Chinese authorship: "We now think the Terracotta Army, [[The Acrobats\|the acrobats]] and the bronze sculptures found on site were inspired by ancient Greek sculptures and art",<ref>{{cite web \|title=Western contact with China began long before Marco Polo, experts say \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-37624943 \|website=BBC News \|date=12 October 2016}}</ref> but although "the terracotta warriors may be inspired by Western culture, they were uniquely made by the Chinese" and "we found no Greek names on the backs of Terracotta Warriors, which supports my idea that there was no Greek artisan training the local sculptors".<ref name="Xinhua 新華網">{{cite news \|title=Chinese archaeologist refutes BBC report on Terracotta Warriors \|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-10/18/content_27097821.htm \|access-date=9 June 2021 \|work=China Daily 中國日報 \|agency=www.chinadaily.com \|publisher=Xinhua 新華網 \|date=2016-10-18 \|archive-date=9 June 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609130441/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-10/18/content_27097821.htm \|url-status=live }}</ref> Others have argued that such speculations rest on flawed and old "Eurocentric" ideas that assumed other civilizations were incapable of sophisticated artistry and thus foreign artistry must be seen through Western traditions.<ref name="han-sil">{{cite web \|author1=Hanink, Johanna \|author2=Silva, Felipe Rojas \|date=20 November 2016 \|title=Why China's Terracotta Warriors Are Stirring Controversy \|url=https://www.livescience.com/56939-china-terracotta-warriors-stir-controversy.html \|publisher=Live Science \|access-date=5 October 2017 \|archive-date=5 January 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105042337/https://www.livescience.com/56939-china-terracotta-warriors-stir-controversy.html \|url-status=live }} Originally published in {{cite news \|last1=Hanink<!-- Associate Professor of Classics, Brown University --> \|first1=Johanna \|last2=Silva<!-- Assistant Professor of Archaeology and the Ancient World, Brown University --> \|first2=Felipe Rojas \|date=18 November 2016 \|title=Why there's so much backlash to the theory that Greek art inspired China's Terracotta Army \|work=The Conversation \|url=https://theconversation.com/why-theres-so-much-backlash-to-the-theory-that-greek-art-inspired-chinas-terracotta-army-67488 \|access-date=22 February 2018 \|archive-date=14 September 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914140156/https://theconversation.com/why-theres-so-much-backlash-to-the-theory-that-greek-art-inspired-chinas-terracotta-army-67488 \|url-status=live }}</ref>		Since the time of their discovery, the figures of the Chinese [[Terracotta Army]] (210–209 BC) have been noted for their exceptional stylistic realism and individualism.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=von Falkenhausen \|first=Lothar \|date=2008 \|title=Action and Image in Early Chinese Art \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44171471 \|journal=Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie \|volume=17 \|pages=51–91 \|doi=10.3406/asie.2008.1272 \|jstor=44171471 \|issn=0766-1177 \|access-date=30 January 2023 \|archive-date=30 January 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130043011/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44171471 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Chen \|first=Yumin \|date=2013 \|title=Reflections on China's First Collection of Terracotta Acrobats (an exhibition review) \|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1470357213498175 \|journal=Visual Communication \|language=en \|volume=12 \|issue=4 \|pages=497–502 \|doi=10.1177/1470357213498175 \|s2cid=147420437 \|issn=1470-3572 \|access-date=30 January 2023 \|archive-date=30 January 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130043016/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1470357213498175 \|url-status=live }}</ref> The earliest note on this aspect was that of 20th century art historian German Hafner who, in 1986, was the first to speculate on a possible Hellenistic link to these sculptures due to the unusual display of naturalism relative to general Qin era sculpture: "the art of the terracotta army originated from Western contact, originated from knowledge of Alexander the Great and the splendor of Greek art".<ref name="Duan">{{Cite journal \|last=Qingbo \|first=Duan \|date=2022 \|title=Sino-Western Cultural Exchange as Seen through the Archaeology of the First Emperor's Necropolis \|journal=Journal of Chinese History 中國歷史學刊 \|volume=7 \|language=en \|pages=21–72 \|doi=10.1017/jch.2022.25 \|s2cid=251690411 \|issn=2059-1632 \|doi-access=free\|quote=More than thirty-five years ago [1986], there was a European scholar (German Hafner, 1911–2008) who considered that the art of the terracotta army “originated from Western contact, originated from knowledge of Alexander the Great and the splendor of Greek art.” Lukas Nickel of SOAS has put forward a similar proposition.}}</ref> This idea was also generally supported by Duan Qingbo, director of the excavation team at the First Emperor's necropolis between 1998 to 2008,<ref name="Duan"/> or by Professor Lukas Nickel of [[SOAS University of London\|SOAS]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.soas.ac.uk/news/newsitem89619.html \|title=Early links with West likely inspiration for Terracotta Warriors, argues SOAS scholar \|website=School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London \|access-date=28 December 2013 \|archive-date=6 October 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162216/https://www.soas.ac.uk/news/newsitem89619.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Li Xiuzhen, senior archaeologist from the Mausoleum Site Museum, acknowledged Western influence but insisted on Chinese authorship: "We now think the Terracotta Army, [[The Acrobats\|the acrobats]] and the bronze sculptures found on site were inspired by ancient Greek sculptures and art",<ref>{{cite web \|title=Western contact with China began long before Marco Polo, experts say \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-37624943 \|website=BBC News \|date=12 October 2016}}</ref> but although "the terracotta warriors may be inspired by Western culture, they were uniquely made by the Chinese" and "we found no Greek names on the backs of Terracotta Warriors, which supports my idea that there was no Greek artisan training the local sculptors".<ref name="Xinhua 新華網">{{cite news \|title=Chinese archaeologist refutes BBC report on Terracotta Warriors \|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-10/18/content_27097821.htm \|access-date=9 June 2021 \|work=China Daily 中國日報 \|agency=www.chinadaily.com \|publisher=Xinhua 新華網 \|date=2016-10-18 \|archive-date=9 June 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609130441/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-10/18/content_27097821.htm \|url-status=live }}</ref> Others have argued that such speculations rest on flawed and old "Eurocentric" ideas that assumed other civilizations were incapable of sophisticated artistry and thus foreign artistry must be seen through Western traditions.<ref name="han-sil">{{cite web \|author1=Hanink, Johanna \|author2=Silva, Felipe Rojas \|date=20 November 2016 \|title=Why China's Terracotta Warriors Are Stirring Controversy \|url=https://www.livescience.com/56939-china-terracotta-warriors-stir-controversy.html \|publisher=Live Science \|access-date=5 October 2017 \|archive-date=5 January 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105042337/https://www.livescience.com/56939-china-terracotta-warriors-stir-controversy.html \|url-status=live }} Originally published in {{cite news \|last1=Hanink<!-- Associate Professor of Classics, Brown University --> \|first1=Johanna \|last2=Silva<!-- Assistant Professor of Archaeology and the Ancient World, Brown University --> \|first2=Felipe Rojas \|date=18 November 2016 \|title=Why there's so much backlash to the theory that Greek art inspired China's Terracotta Army \|work=The Conversation \|url=https://theconversation.com/why-theres-so-much-backlash-to-the-theory-that-greek-art-inspired-chinas-terracotta-army-67488 \|access-date=22 February 2018 \|archive-date=14 September 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914140156/https://theconversation.com/why-theres-so-much-backlash-to-the-theory-that-greek-art-inspired-chinas-terracotta-army-67488 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	=== Religion ===		=== Religion ===

Bharatwiki Socrates: Created page with "{{Short description|Period of Greek history from 323 to 31 BC}} {{redirect|Greek world|the geographical distribution of Greek speakers|Greek language}} The [[Nike of Samothrace is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of Hellenistic art.]] {{History of Greece}} In classical antiquity, the '''Hellenistic period''' covers the time in History of the Mediterranean region|Mediterranean hist..."

2023-11-20T13:31:04Z

Created page with "{{Short description|Period of Greek history from 323 to 31 BC}} {{redirect|Greek world|the geographical distribution of Greek speakers|Greek language}} right|thumb|upright=1|The [[Nike of Samothrace is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of Hellenistic art.]] {{History of Greece}} In classical antiquity, the '''Hellenistic period''' covers the time in History of the Mediterranean region|Mediterranean hist..."

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Hellenistic - Revision history

Bharatwiki Socrates: Changed redirect target from Hellenistic Period to Hellenistic period

Bharatwiki Socrates: Redirected page to Hellenistic Period

CleanupBot: /* Terracotta army */clean up