Hathwa Raj - Revision history

Dokania: Restored revision 458975 by MrBeast (talk): Hoax

2026-10-07T15:16:52Z

Restored revision 458975 by MrBeast (talk): Hoax

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 {{Short description|Chieftaincy in Bihar}}
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 By the 1840s Hathwa was described as having large bazaars and bi-weekly markets. By the early nineteenth century, there were forts, palaces, and several temples constructed. An early twentieth-century account describes Hathwa as an impressive standard market, its shops offering a range of agricultural and consumer goods and its specialists providing a variety of services. The presence of schools and temples further accentuated its centrality in the locality. The estate collected money annually as professional tax from traders stationed at Hathwa.<ref name=":0" />
 [[File:Hathwa kila.jpg|thumb|Palace belonging to the Hathwa Raj]]

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Dr.Aviraj: Adding a major Conflict of the Hathwa Raj with bhatkeshri estate

2026-08-28T17:51:57Z

Adding a major Conflict of the Hathwa Raj with bhatkeshri estate

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:21, 28 August 2026
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	'''Conflict with the Hathwa Raj'''		'''Conflict with the Hathwa Raj'''

			The rise of Bhatkeshri Estate as a major landed power in the Saran region brought it into conflict with the Hathwa Raj, one of the most prominent zamindari establishments of the region. The confrontation between the two estates is described in several historical accounts of Bhatkeshri and Saran and is remembered as an important episode in the regional history of zamindari power.

			According to Dr. Aviraj Singh Rajput's The Royal History of Bhatkeshri Estate, the conflict reflected the growing importance and influence of Bhatkeshri Estate under Babu Ganesh Singh. The episode is also discussed in M. D. Rijwan Ajad and M. D. Samim Begam's The History of Bhatkeshri Estate: Pride of Bihar and Dr. Rajiv Ranjan's The Forgotten History of Saran. These accounts collectively place the Bhatkeshri–Hathwa conflict within the wider political and social history of Saran.

			The confrontation enhanced the reputation of Babu Ganesh Singh, who emerged as one of the prominent landed figures of the region. Following the conflict, according to the account given by Dr. Aviraj Singh Rajput, the Raja of Hathwa honoured Babu Ganesh Singh with the titles “Maharaja” and “Thakur Sahib” in recognition of his position, courage and prominence among the leading landed families of Saran.

			The episode subsequently became an important part of the historical tradition associated with Bhatkeshri Estate and its ruling family, symbolising the estate's rise as a significant centre of landed authority in the region.

Dr.Aviraj: Adding a major Conflict of the Hathwa Raj with bhatkeshri estate

2026-08-28T17:51:23Z

Adding a major Conflict of the Hathwa Raj with bhatkeshri estate

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:21, 28 August 2026
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	By the 1840s Hathwa was described as having large bazaars and bi-weekly markets. By the early nineteenth century, there were forts, palaces, and several temples constructed. An early twentieth-century account describes Hathwa as an impressive standard market, its shops offering a range of agricultural and consumer goods and its specialists providing a variety of services. The presence of schools and temples further accentuated its centrality in the locality. The estate collected money annually as professional tax from traders stationed at Hathwa.<ref name=":0" />		By the 1840s Hathwa was described as having large bazaars and bi-weekly markets. By the early nineteenth century, there were forts, palaces, and several temples constructed. An early twentieth-century account describes Hathwa as an impressive standard market, its shops offering a range of agricultural and consumer goods and its specialists providing a variety of services. The presence of schools and temples further accentuated its centrality in the locality. The estate collected money annually as professional tax from traders stationed at Hathwa.<ref name=":0" />

			'''Conflict with the Hathwa Raj'''


	[[File:Hathwa kila.jpg\|thumb\|Palace belonging to the Hathwa Raj]]		[[File:Hathwa kila.jpg\|thumb\|Palace belonging to the Hathwa Raj]]

Dr.Aviraj at 17:50, 28 August 2026

2026-08-28T17:50:09Z

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	\| access-date = 2012-10-22		\| access-date = 2012-10-22
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	~~'''Conflict of the Hathwa Raj'''~~

	==See also==		==See also==

Dr.Aviraj: Adding a major Conflict of the Hathwa Raj with bhatkeshri estate

2026-08-28T17:49:13Z

Adding a major Conflict of the Hathwa Raj with bhatkeshri estate

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:19, 28 August 2026
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	\| access-date = 2012-10-22		\| access-date = 2012-10-22
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

			'''Conflict of the Hathwa Raj'''

	==See also==		==See also==

MrBeast: updated page

2026-03-10T21:34:06Z

updated page

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:04, 11 March 2026
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			{{pp\|small=yes}}
			{{Short description\|Chieftaincy in Bihar}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2017}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2017}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2017}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2017}}
	{{Infobox country		{{Infobox country
			\|image_map = Hathwa Raj Map.png
			\|image_map_caption=Map of the Hathwa chieftaincy in 1900
	\|native_name =		\|native_name =
	\|conventional_long_name = Hathwa		\|conventional_long_name = Hathwa
	\|common_name = Hathwa Raj		\|common_name = Hathwa Raj
	\|religion = [[Hinduism]]		\|religion = [[Hinduism]]
	\|era = [[~~Medieval India~~\|~~Middle Ages~~]]		\|era = [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal period]]
	\|status =		\|status =
	\|government_type =		\|government_type =
	\|life_span =		\|life_span =
	\|year_start = Early-medieval period		\|year_start = Early medieval period
	\|year_end = 1952		\|year_end = 1952
	\|event_start =		\|event_start =
Line 26:		Line 30:
	\|year_leader2 =		\|year_leader2 =
	\|title_leader = }}		\|title_leader = }}
	'''~~Hathuwa~~ Raj''' was a chieftaincy ~~belonging to~~ [[~~Baghochia\|Baghochia dynasty~~]] of ~~[[Bhumihar]]s~~. It ~~encompassed~~ 1,365 villages, ~~was inhabited by more than~~ 391,000 ~~people,~~ and ~~produced~~ an annual ~~rental~~ of ~~almost a~~ million rupees.<ref>{{cite book		{{History of Bihar}}
			'''Hathwa Raj''' also known as the '''Kalyanpur chieftaincy''' was a chieftaincy established in what is now [[Saran division]] of Bihar. It comprised 1,365 villages across [[Chhapra]], [[Siwan district\|Siwan]], and [[Gopalganj district, India\|Gopalganj]] districts of Bihar, with a population exceeding 391,000 and generating an annual revenue of nearly one million rupees at the time of independence.<ref>{{cite book
	\| first = Anand A.		\| first = Anand A.
	\| last = Yang		\| last = Yang
Line 35:		Line 40:
	\| pages = 305 (at page 69)		\| pages = 305 (at page 69)
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>
	~~It was located in the [[Saran Division]] of [[Bihar]].~~ Earlier seats of the Raj included Huseypur, Kalyanpur, Balchowra and Baghoch. The Kalyanpur chieftaincy was subjugated by the Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] during late 16th century.		Earlier seats of the Raj included Huseypur, Kalyanpur, Balchowra and Baghoch. The Kalyanpur chieftaincy was subjugated by the Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] during late 16th century.

	==History==		==History==
	~~The first reference to~~ the Kalyanpur ~~family arises~~ in ~~1539 when a~~ [[Bhumihar]] ~~king Raja Jay Mal provided assistance~~ to [[Humayun]] after his defeat at the [[Battle of Chausa]]. He provided Humayun ~~with~~ food ~~and fodder for~~ his troops. ~~Once~~ [[Sher Shah Suri]] ~~fully established his control over~~ [[~~North India~~]]~~, he took stern action against Jay Mal who fled into~~ the ~~forest and engaged in rebellion. However, once~~ Humayun ~~reestablished himself~~, he ~~granted four parganas to~~ Jay Mal's grandson, Raja Jubraj Shahi.<ref name="Ansari2019" /> Jubraj Shahi ~~later~~ engaged in a conflict with the ~~Afghan chief~~, ~~Kabul Mohammed who~~ Jubraj Shahi ~~later~~ defeated and ~~killed~~ in ~~battle~~.		Legends state that the region of Kalyanpur was originally ruled by the [[Chero dynasty\|Cheros]] who were later supplanted by the [[Rajputs]] who in turn were replaced by the [[Bhumihar]]s who became the ancestors of the Hathwa Rajas. The earliest reference to the Hathwa chieftaincy is in 1539 when Emperor [[Humayun]] sought refuge in Kalyanpur after his defeat at the [[Battle of Chausa]]. The Raja of the time, Raja Jay Mal provided aid to Humayun by giving food to his troops. Because Jay Mal provided aid to his enemy, [[Sher Shah Suri]] attempted to punish the Hathwa chieftain who in turn fled to the forests of [[Gorakhpur]] to lead an insurgency. By the time Humayun had returned to the throne, he rewarded Jay Mal's grandson, Raja Jubraj Shahi, with a substantial amount of land.<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book \|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT288 \|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar \|date=20 June 2019 \|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2 \|pages=288–293}}</ref>
			<ref name="Jha 1980">
			\| first = Hetukar
			\| last = Jha
			\| author-link = [[Hetukar Jha]]
			\| title = Permanent Settlement in Bihar
			\| publisher = [[Social Scientist]]
			\| year = 1980, Vol. 9, No.1 (Aug., 1980)
			\| pages = 53-57
			</ref> Jubraj Shahi also engaged in a conflict with Kabul Mohammad of Barharia, a neighbouring chieftain of [[Afghanistan\|Afghan]] origin. Jubraj Shahi emerged victorious after he killed Kabul Mohammad and captured his fort and land. Because Kabul Mohammad was also rebelling against the Empire, Emperor [[Akbar]] rewarded Jubraj Shahi with additional land.<ref name= "Ansari2019" /> [[Abul Fazl]] provides information on Kalyan Mal, the chieftain of Hathwa in the 1580s. When the rebel of [[Ghazipur]], Masum Khan Farankhudi, was defeated by the Mughal general, [[Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]], Farankhudi sought shelter in Kalyanpur. However Kalyan Mal refused to grant any assistance and as a result the rebel went back to Ghazipur and submitted himself before the Mughal governor. Local sources indicate that it was due to this and other instances of providing assistance that Akbar granted him the title of [[Raja]].<ref name= "Ansari2019" />

			There is little information about Hathwa from imperial sources during the reign of Emperor [[Jahangir]] although local sources indicate that Raja Khemkaran maintained good relations with the Emperor and was granted the title ''Raja Bahadur'' in 1625. He also changed the location of his capital from Kalyanpur to Husainpur whereupon a new fort was built.<ref name= "Ansari2019" />

	Sir Kishen Pratap Sahi Bahadur who was the [[Maharaja]] between 1874 and 1896 was an ascetic. Soon after his coronation, he set out on a pilgrimage to the shrines of [[Northern India]]. Later on he used to regularly go on travelling and pilgrimage, mostly in [[Benares]].<ref>{{cite book		Sir Kishen Pratap Sahi Bahadur who was the [[Maharaja]] between 1874 and 1896 was an ascetic. Soon after his coronation, he set out on a pilgrimage to the shrines of [[Northern India]]. Later on he used to regularly go on travelling and pilgrimage, mostly in [[Benares]].<ref>{{cite book
	\| first = Anand A.		\| first = Anand A.
Line 48:		Line 65:
	\| pages = 305 (at page 140)		\| pages = 305 (at page 140)
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>
	Due to its central location, Hathwa was the seat of the ~~raja~~'s residential palace and its nearby villages housed most of the key retainers of the estate.<ref>{{cite book		Due to its central location, Hathwa was the seat of the Raja's residential palace and its nearby villages housed most of the key retainers of the estate.<ref name=":0">{{cite book
	\| first = Anand A.		\| first = Anand A.
	\| last = Yang		\| last = Yang
Line 68:		Line 85:
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	By the 1840s Hathwa was described as having large bazaars and bi-weekly markets. By the early nineteenth century, there were forts, palaces, and several temples constructed. An early twentieth-century account describes Hathwa as an impressive standard market, its shops offering a range of agricultural and consumer goods and its specialists providing a variety of services. The presence of schools and temples further accentuated its centrality in the locality. The estate collected ~~₹1400~~ annually as professional tax from traders stationed at Hathwa.<ref~~>{{cite book~~		By the 1840s Hathwa was described as having large bazaars and bi-weekly markets. By the early nineteenth century, there were forts, palaces, and several temples constructed. An early twentieth-century account describes Hathwa as an impressive standard market, its shops offering a range of agricultural and consumer goods and its specialists providing a variety of services. The presence of schools and temples further accentuated its centrality in the locality. The estate collected money annually as professional tax from traders stationed at Hathwa.<ref name=":0" />
	~~\| first~~ = ~~Anand A.~~
	~~\| last = Yang~~
	~~\| title = Bazaar India~~: ~~Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar~~
	~~\| publisher = [[University of California Press]]~~
	~~\| year = 1999~~
	~~\| isbn = 978-~~0~~-520-21100-1~~
	~~\| pages = 305 (at page 193)~~
	~~}}<~~/~~ref~~>

	~~The ruling family of Hathwa Raj were related to the Majhauli Raj of~~ [[~~Gorakhpur district]].<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book\|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari\|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar\|url=https~~:~~//books~~.~~google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT288~~\|~~date=20 June 2019~~\|~~publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2\|pages=288–293}}</ref> However, the full genealogy of~~ the Hathwa ~~family has been lost as the ''farmans'', ''nishads'' and ''parwanas'' were destroyed when [[Fateh Bahadur Sahi~~]] ~~rebelled.<ref name="Ansari2019" />~~		[[File:Hathwa kila.jpg\|thumb\|Palace belonging to the Hathwa Raj]]

	==Durga Puja==		==Durga Puja==
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	{{Saran Division topics}}		{{Saran Division topics}}

	[[Category:~~History~~ of Bihar]]		[[Category:Zamindars of Bihar]]
	~~[[Category:Zamindari estates~~]]
	[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]		[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
	[[Category:Indian maharajas]]		[[Category:Indian maharajas]]

>Xion01: /* History */

2021-09-10T07:25:28Z

History

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox country
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Hathwa
|common_name = Hathwa Raj
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|era = [[Medieval India|Middle Ages]]
|status =
|government_type =
|life_span =
|year_start = Early-medieval period
|year_end = 1952
|event_start =
|date_start =
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|event2 =
|date_event2 =
|event_end =
|date_end =
|capital = [[Kalyanpur village, Saran district|Kalyanpur]]
|leader1 =
|leader2 =
|year_leader1 =
|year_leader2 =
|title_leader = }}
'''Hathuwa Raj''' was a chieftaincy belonging to [[Baghochia|Baghochia dynasty]] of [[Bhumihar]]s. It encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.<ref>{{cite book
| first = Anand A.
| last = Yang
| title = Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar
| publisher = [[University of California Press]]
| year = 1999
| isbn = 978-0-520-21100-1
| pages = 305 (at page 69)
}}</ref>
It was located in the [[Saran Division]] of [[Bihar]]. Earlier seats of the Raj included Huseypur, Kalyanpur, Balchowra and Baghoch. The Kalyanpur chieftaincy was subjugated by the Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] during late 16th century.

==History==
The first reference to the Kalyanpur family arises in 1539 when a [[Bhumihar]] king Raja Jay Mal provided assistance to [[Humayun]] after his defeat at the [[Battle of Chausa]]. He provided Humayun with food and fodder for his troops. Once [[Sher Shah Suri]] fully established his control over [[North India]], he took stern action against Jay Mal who fled into the forest and engaged in rebellion. However, once Humayun reestablished himself, he granted four parganas to Jay Mal's grandson, Raja Jubraj Shahi.<ref name="Ansari2019" /> Jubraj Shahi later engaged in a conflict with the Afghan chief, Kabul Mohammed who Jubraj Shahi later defeated and killed in battle.
Sir Kishen Pratap Sahi Bahadur who was the [[Maharaja]] between 1874 and 1896 was an ascetic. Soon after his coronation, he set out on a pilgrimage to the shrines of [[Northern India]]. Later on he used to regularly go on travelling and pilgrimage, mostly in [[Benares]].<ref>{{cite book
| first = Anand A.
| last = Yang
| title = Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar
| publisher = [[University of California Press]]
| year = 1999
| isbn = 978-0-520-21100-1
| pages = 305 (at page 140)
}}</ref>
Due to its central location, Hathwa was the seat of the raja's residential palace and its nearby villages housed most of the key retainers of the estate.<ref>{{cite book
| first = Anand A.
| last = Yang
| title = Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar
| publisher = [[University of California Press]]
| year = 1999
| isbn = 978-0-520-21100-1
| pages = 305 (at page 193)
}}</ref>

In addition to the estate ''Kachcheri'' (office), located in the Hathwa cluster of villages, were the estate manager's bungalow, the Diwan's house, the Hathwa Eden School, the post office, the Raj dispensary, the Durga medical hall and the temple called Gopal mandir.<ref>{{cite book
| first = Anand A.
| last = Yang
| title = Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar
| publisher = [[University of California Press]]
| year = 1999
| isbn = 978-0-520-21100-1
| pages = 305 (at page 194)
}}</ref>

By the 1840s Hathwa was described as having large bazaars and bi-weekly markets. By the early nineteenth century, there were forts, palaces, and several temples constructed. An early twentieth-century account describes Hathwa as an impressive standard market, its shops offering a range of agricultural and consumer goods and its specialists providing a variety of services. The presence of schools and temples further accentuated its centrality in the locality. The estate collected ₹1400 annually as professional tax from traders stationed at Hathwa.<ref>{{cite book
| first = Anand A.
| last = Yang
| title = Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar
| publisher = [[University of California Press]]
| year = 1999
| isbn = 978-0-520-21100-1
| pages = 305 (at page 193)
}}</ref>

The ruling family of Hathwa Raj were related to the Majhauli Raj of [[Gorakhpur district]].<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT288|date=20 June 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2|pages=288–293}}</ref> However, the full genealogy of the Hathwa family has been lost as the ''farmans'', ''nishads'' and ''parwanas'' were destroyed when [[Fateh Bahadur Sahi]] rebelled.<ref name="Ansari2019" />

==Durga Puja==
Durga Puja was a major attraction for the Hathwa Raj family and all the family members would gather to worship their Durga at [[Thawe Mandir]].<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-22/patna/34652704_1_chief-priest-durga-puja-animal-sacrifice
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130126092938/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-22/patna/34652704_1_chief-priest-durga-puja-animal-sacrifice
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2013-01-26
| title = Ex-zamindars' tryst with Durga Puja
| author = Gayatree Sharma
| work = [[The Times of India]]
| date = 2012-10-22
| access-date = 2012-10-22
}}</ref> Rituals consisted of the Maharaja traveling in a buggy to the Gopal Mandir, and then to the Sheesh Mahal for the annual durbar and onwards on an elephant for darshan of the Maiyya on Vijayadashmi.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Ex-zamindars-tryst-with-Durga-Puja/articleshow/16908429.cms
| title = Ex-zamindars' tryst with Durga Puja
| author = Gayatree Sharma
| work = [[The Times of India]]
| date = 2012-10-22
| access-date = 2012-10-22
}}</ref> The Hathwa family still celebrates some of the customs including sacrificing buffaloes and goats during puja.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Ex-zamindars-tryst-with-Durga-Puja/articleshow/16908429.cms
| title = Ex-zamindars' tryst with Durga Puja
| author = Gayatree Sharma
| work = [[The Times of India]]
| date = 2015-03-10
| access-date = 2012-10-22
}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Zamindars of Bihar]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920 |first=Anand A. |last=Yang |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-52005-711-1 |year=1989 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ck4jmD7H34UC}}

{{Saran Division topics}}

[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:Zamindari estates]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Indian maharajas]]
[[Category:Quasi-princely estates of India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 disestablishments in India]]