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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name =
| image_skyline = File:Kailash Parvat Rachna - 2.jpg
| image_alt = Hastinapur City
| image_caption = Kailash Parvat Rachna
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = Hastinapura
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.17|N|78.02|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Meerut district|Meerut]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_m = 212
| population_total = 58,452
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 250404
| pushpin_label = Hastinapur
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]] and [[Indian English|English]]
| registration_plate = UP-15

}}

'''Hastinapur''' ({{lit|City of Elephants}}) is a city in the [[Meerut district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Hastinapur, described in [[Hindu texts]] such as the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and the [[Puranas]] as the capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]], is also mentioned in ancient [[Jain literature|Jain texts]]. Hastinapur is located on the right bank of the [[Ganga]] river.

==Etymology==
In [[Sanskrit]], ''Hastinapura'' translates to 'the City of Elephants' from ''Hastina'' (elephant) and ''pura'' (city). Its history dates back to the period of ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh|title=Uttar Pradesh - History|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> Several evidences note that the city was named after King Hasti.<ref name="Mittal2006">{{cite book|author=J.P. Mittal|title=History Of Ancient India (a New Version) : From 7300 Bb To 4250 Bc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7gOBW8oDFgC&pg=PA308|access-date=21 March 2018|volume=Vol. 1|year=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-269-0615-4|page=308}}</ref> Hastinapur has also been known by other names, such as Gajapuram, Nagapura, Asandivata, Brahmasthalam, Shanti Nagaram and Kunjarpuram, in different ancient texts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/gajapura|title=Gajapura, Gaja-pura: 1 definition|last=www.wisdomlib.org|date=2019-06-05|website=wisdomlib.org|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref>

It is also mentioned in the ''[[Ramayana]]'' (2:68), the 13th and 14th verses of which say (translated):

{{blockquote| "Having crossed Ganga River at Hastinapura, they proceeded towards the west and, reaching Panchala kingdom through Kuru Jangala and observing well-filled lakes and rivers with clear water, the messengers mentioned above went briskly, due to the pressing nature of their mission." |source=''[[Ramayana]]'' 2:68|sign=Valmiki}}

==History==

The early archeological remains of the region belongs to [[Ochre Coloured Pottery culture]] which was bronze age culture of Ganga Yamuna doab. Around c.1200 BCE the region transformed to Iron age and region was occupied by [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] which corresponds to [[Vedic Period]].<ref>{{Cite book| last =Singh | first =Upinder | year =2008 | title =A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA216}}</ref>

In the ''Mahabharata'', Hastinapur is portrayed as the capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]] of the [[Kaurava]]s. Many incidents in the ''Mahabharata'' were set in the city of Hastinapur. According to the ''Mahabharata'', the 100 Kaurava brothers were born in this city to their mother, Queen [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]], the wife of King [[Dhritarashtra]]. On the bank of the Budhi Ganga, two places near Hastinapur ([[Draupadi|Draupadi Ghat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_imp_uttarpradesh.asp|title=Excavation Sites in Uttar Pradesh - Archaeological Survey of India|work=asi.nic.in}}</ref> and [[Karna|Karna Ghat]]) reference ''Mahabharata'' personages.
[[File: Brooklyn Museum - Balarama Pulling Hastinapur toward the Ganages Page from a Bhagavata Dasamskanda series.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Balarama]] pulling Hastinapur toward the Ganges, a page from a "Bhagavata Dasamskanda" series.]]
[[File: Yudhisthira arrives in Hastinapur at the end of war.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Yudhisthira]] arrives in Hastinapur at the end of [[Kurukshetra War]] in the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''.]]
The first reference to Hastinapur in the [[Puranas]] presents the city as the capital of [[Emperor Bharata|Emperor Bharata's]] kingdom. King [[Samprati]] (also referred to as Samrat Samprati), grandson of the emperor [[Asoka the Great]] of the [[Mauryan Empire]], built many temples here during his reign.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}
[[File:170 Jain Tirthankars.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A 2nd century stone relief of 170 Jain [[Tirthankars]] in lotus position excavated in Hastinapur.]]

Excavations at Hastinapur were carried out in the early 1950s by [[B.B. Lal]], Director General of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Although the main aim of this excavation, according to Lal himself, was to determine the stratigraphic position of [[Painted Grey Ware]] concerning other known ceramic industries of the early historical period, Lal found correlations between the text of the ''Mahabharata'' and the material remains that he unearthed at Hastinapur. This led him to historicize some of the traditions mentioned in the ''Mahabharata'' as well as link the appearance of the Painted Grey Ware with [[Aryan]]s in the upper [[Ganges]] basin areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_imp_uttarpradesh.asp|title=Excavation Sites in Uttar Pradesh - Archaeological Survey of India|work=asi.nic.in|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>

Hastinapur is listed in the [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as a [[pargana]] under Delhi [[sarkar (country subdivision)|sarkar]], producing a revenue of 4,466,904 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 300 infantry and 10 cavalry. The author, [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]], describes it "an ancient Hindu settlement" lying on the Ganges.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |last2=Jarrett |first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=288 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>

During British India, Hastinapur was ruled by [[Raja Nain Singh]] Nagar, who built many [[Hindu temple]]s in and around Hastinapura.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Unreason and Archaeology: The 'Painted Grey-Ware' and Beyond|journal= Social Scientist|volume=25|issue=1/2|pages=16–24|jstor = 3517758|last1 = Habib|first1 = Irfan|year=1997|doi= 10.2307/3517758}}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
Present-day Hastinapur is a town in the [[Doab]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]], about {{convert|37|km}} from [[Meerut]] and nearly {{convert|96|km|abbr=on}} north-east of [[Delhi]] on [[National Highway 34 (India)|National Highway 34]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.distance.to/Hastināpur,Uttar-Pradesh,IND/New-Seema-Puri,New-Delhi,North-East,Delhi,IND|title=Distance Hastināpur, Uttar-Pradesh, IND > New-Seema-Puri, New-Delhi, North-East, Delhi, IND - Air line, driving route, midpoint|website=www.distance.to}}</ref> It is a small township re-established by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] on February 6, 1949, located at {{Coord|29.17|N|78.02|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Hastinapur.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Hastinapur, India|work=fallingrain.com|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> With an average elevation of {{convert|218|m}}, Hastinapur experiences temperatures ranging from {{convert|5|to|40|C}}. Summer season is from March to May, during which the temperatures range from {{convert|32|to|40|C}}. The monsoon season is from July to September, during which the temperature is relatively low. Winter lasts from December to February, with December usually being the coldest month of the year. During this time, temperatures can drop to around {{convert|5|C}}, and don't usually go above {{convert|14|C}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/lang/en-in/hastinapur-weather/uttar-pradesh/in.aspx|title=Hastinapur Weather Forecast|website=WorldWeatherOnline.com}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2001 Census of India]], Hastinapur had a population of 58,452, with males constituting 53% of the population and females accounting for the remaining 47%. The literacy rate of the town was 73.9% against the national average of 59.5%. In Hastinapur, around 15% of the population was under 10 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Hastinapur's population had reduced to 21,249.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/towns/up_towns.pdf|title=UP Towns|website=Census of India}}</ref>

==Places of interest==
Located on the banks of an old ravine of the Ganges, Hastinapur is considered one of the holiest places for both [[Hinduism|Hindus]] and [[Jainism|Jains]] alike. It is believed to be the birthplace of three Jain [[Tirthankaras]]. There are many ancient Hindu temples including Pandeshwar Temple and Karna Temple, as well as Jain temples, such as [[Digamber Jain Mandir Hastinapur|Shri Digamber]], [[Jain temple|Jain Mandir]], [[Jambudweep]], [[Mount Kailash|Kailash Parvat]], and Shwetambar Jain Temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/meerut/mahabharata-circuit-the-historical-glory-of-hastinapur-is-much-more-below-the-ground|title=महाभारत सर्किट: जितनी ऊपर, उससे कहीं ज्यादा जमीन के नीचे है हस्तिनापुर की वैभवशाली गौरवगाथा|website=Amar Ujala}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uttarpradesh.gov.in/en/details/hastinapur/340030003800|title=Hastinapur | Meerut | UP Tourism|website=uttarpradesh.gov.in}}</ref>

===Temples and monuments===
====Shri Digamber Jain Prachin Bada Mandir====
[[File:Vishal-singh-dwaar-big.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Digamber Jain Mandir Hastinapur|Pracheen Bada Mandir]]]]
{{Main|Digamber Jain Mandir Hastinapur}}
[[Digamber Jain Mandir Hastinapur|Shri Digamber Jain Bada Mandir]] is one of the oldest Jain temples in Hastinapur. The main temple is believed to have been built in 1801 under the aegis of [[Raja Harsukh Rai]], who was the imperial treasurer of Emperor [[Shah Alam II]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://mdameerut.in/major-attraction/ |title = Major Attractions | Meerut Development Authority}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.digambarjainonline.com/pilgri/hastina.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018060514/http://www.digambarjainonline.com/pilgri/hastina.htm |archive-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=A Review of World Antiquarianism: Comparative Perspectives |journal= Bulletin of the History of Archaeology|volume= 24|publisher= Getty Publications |page=431 |isbn=978-1606061480|doi= 10.5334/bha.2418|year= 2014|last1= Evans|first1= Christopher}}</ref> The temple has many other facilities, including, [[police station]], [[Gurukul|Digamber Jain Gurukul]], and a [[retirement home|Udaseen Ashram]]. Several tourist attractions like Jal Mandir, Jain Library, Acharya Vidyanand Museum, 24 Tonks, and the ancient Nishiyajis are situated within 500 m from the main temple.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jainbaramandirhtr.com|title=Shri Digamber Jain Prachin Bada Mandir Hastinapur, Meerut(U.P.), Jain Mandir, Mandir, Mandir in Hastinapur, Mandir in Uttar Pradesh, Mandir in India, Jain bada mandir in Hastinapura, Shri Digamber Jain Mandir, Shri Digamber Jain Prachin Mandir, Shri Digamber Jain Bada Mandir|work=jainbaramandirhtr.com|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uptourism.gov.in/article/hastinapur|title=Welcome to UP Tourism-Official Website of Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India | Hastinapur|website=www.uptourism.gov.in}}</ref>

====Shri Shwetambar Jain Ashtapad Teerth====
[[File:Ashtapad Hastinapur.jpg|thumb|200px|Ashtapad]]
Shri Ashtapad Teerth was built under the aegis of ''Shri Hastinapur Jain Shwetambar Teerth Trust''. It is a {{convert|151|ft|m|adj=mid|-high|order=flip}} structure dedicated to first tirthankara [[Rishabhnath]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=70744|title=HereNow4U.net :: Article Archive - The 151-Foot High Ashtapad Teerth in Hastinapur|work=HereNow4u: Portal on Jainism and next level consciousness|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>

====Kailash Parvat Rachna====
Kailash Parvat is a {{convert|131|ft|m|adj=mid|-high|order=flip}} structure, constructed under the aegis of Shri Digamber Jain Mandir, Hastinapur. The Kailash Parvat premises are home to several Jain temples, including Yatri Niwas and Bhojanshala. Kailash Parvat also has an auditorium and a [[helipad]] on the premises.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaktibharat.com/mandir/kailash-parvat-rachna|title=Home|work=bhaktibharat.com|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/jainism-in-india/uttar-pradesh/hastinapur/kailashparvat-mandir|title=WWW.JAINHERITAGECENTRES.COM > Jainism In India > Uttar Pradesh > Hastinapur > Kailash parvat Mandir|work=jainheritagecentres.com|access-date=25 August 2015|date=January 2012}}</ref>

====Jambudweep Jain Tirth====
[[File:Jambudweep Rachna.tif|thumb|200px|[[Jambudweep]] ]]
{{main|Jambudweep}}
[[Jambudweep]], depicting a model of [[Jain cosmology]], was designed here under the supervision of Shri [[Gyanmati Mataji]] in 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jambudweep.org|title=Home|work=jambudweep.org|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>

====Pandeshwar Temple====
Situated in the historic location of the ancient city of Hastinapur, the Pandeshwar temple is dedicated to [[Shiva]]. This temple is believed to be the place where [[Kaurava]]s and [[Pandava]]s received their education in [[Vedas]] and [[Puranas]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} A temple of the Hindu goddess [[Kali]] and many Hindu [[ashram]]as are also present on a hillock between the ruins. Legend has it that in the Mahabharata period, Pandu's eldest son Yudhishthira, had established the shivalinga at the Pandeshwar Mahadev temple before the war of Mahabharata and prayed to Shiva for a blessing of winning the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/a-place-in-hastinapur-where-queen-draupadi-offered-her-daily-devotions/as72243731.cms|title=Yudhishthira had established the shivalinga|work=timesofindia}}</ref>

====Karna Temple====
[[File:Hastinapur-Karneshwar-Mandir-1.jpg|thumb|150px|Karneshwar Mandir]]
The Karna Temple is located near the Pandeshwar temple on an old ravine along the bank of the [[Ganges]]. The [[Shivling]] inside the Karna Temple is believed to be established by [[Karna]], one of the prominent figures in the ''Mahabharata''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/25/stories/2006012511400300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323044221/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/25/stories/2006012511400300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Work on Mahabharat Circuit to start soon|date=2006-01-25|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>

====Bhai Dharam Singh Gurdwara====
This is a small [[Gurdwara]] located in the village of Saifpur, around {{convert|2.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Hastinapur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nativeplanet.com/hastinapur/attractions/bhai-dharam-sing-gurdwara/|title=Bhai Dharam Sing Gurdwara - Hastinapur - Bhai Dharam Sing Gurdwara Photos, Sightseeing - Native Planet|work=nativeplanet.com|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://upstdc.co.in/|title=Official Website Of Uttar Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation Ltd|website=upstdc.co.in|access-date=2020-03-16}}</ref>

===Hastinapur Sanctuary===
[[File:Migratory Birds At Hastinapur.jpg|thumb|200px|Migratory birds at [[Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[Hastinapur Sanctuary]], established in 1986, is one of the prominent wildlife projects in India. The sanctuary extends over a wide area, encompassing the districts of [[Meerut]], [[Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]], [[Gautam Budh Nagar]], [[Bijnore]], [[Hapur]], and [[Jyotiba Phule Nagar]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is a sprawling forest, occupying an area of nearly {{convert|2073|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/12/09/stories/2006120900330200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103070947/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/12/09/stories/2006120900330200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Hastinapur sanctuary|date=2006-12-09|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatravelfaq.com/india-sanctuaries/hastinapur-sanctuary.html|title=Hastinapur Sanctuary|work=indiatravelfaq.com|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>

==Festivals and fairs==
Various cultural events and religious celebrations are held in Hastinapur annually, including [[Akshaya Tritiya]], [[Das Lakshana]], [[Kartik Poornima|Kartik Mela]], [[Holi|Holi Mela]], and [[Durga Puja]]. These festivals, among others, are organized by non-government organizations (NGOs) and the [[Uttar Pradesh Tourism|State Tourism Department]].

==See also==
* [[Indraprastha]]
* ''[[Mahabharata]]''
* [[Digamber Jain Mandir Hastinapur]]
* [[Jambudweep]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=B.B. Lal|title=New Light on the "dark Age" of Indian History: Recent Excavations at the Hastinapura Site, Near Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4SyPgAACAAJ|year=1952|publisher=Illustrated London news}}
* {{cite book|author=Braj Basi Lal|title=Excavations at Hastinapura and Other Explorations [in the Upper Gangā and Sutlej Basins], 1950-52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kh7mGwAACAAJ|year=1955}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Hastinapur}}

{{Meerut district}}
{{Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Locations in Hindu mythology]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]
[[Category:Jainism in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Places in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Meerut district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Meerut district]]
[[Category:Jain pilgrimage sites]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Meerut district]]

Hastinapur - Revision history

Robbub: basic adjusted lead after review additionally and cleaned formatting

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup: Source modification. Information added.

>Behera Sahab: lit. linking