Rajnishkumar123: starting some bio initial version - done

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starting some bio initial version - done

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{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar (1902–1960)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Islam]]
| birth_date = 1902
| death_date = 3 July 1960
| birth_place = Amethi, Lucknow, India
| predecessor =
| teachers = [[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]], [[Amjad Ali Aazmi]], [[Hamid Raza Khan]], Zafar al-din Bihari
| honorific prefix = ''Mazhar-e-Aala Hazrat'', ''Abul Fatah'',''Sher-e-Sunnat''
| alma_mater = [[Manzar-e-Islam]]
| name = Muhammad Hashmat Ali Khan
| creed = [[Maturidi]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| movement = [[Barelvi movement|Barelvi]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| resting_place = Hashmat Nagar, Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh
| honorific suffix = Qadri Razvi
| influences = [[Abu Hanifa]], [[Moinuddin Chishti]], [[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]]
| influenced = [[Barelvi movement]]
| birthname = Muhammad Hashmat Ali
| main_interests = [[Sufism]], Debates with scholars of other Religious movements
| education = [[Manzar-e-Islam]], Bareilly
| Sufi_order = [[Qadiriyya]]
| known_for = Book against the two-nation theory
| pen_name = Hashmat
| death_place = मुंबई (महाराष्ट्र)
}}

'''Muhammad Hashmat Ali Khan Qadri Lucknowi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qamar |first=Muhammad Yusuf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tjXAAAAMAAJ&q=allama+hashmat+ali+khan |title=The Person of the Prophet ... in Contemporary Islamic Thought: A Study of the Brelvi Deobandi Controversy |date=2001 |publisher=PPA Publications |isbn=978-969-8587-04-8 |pages=318 |language=en}}</ref> (1902{{En dash}}3 July 1960) popularly known as '''''Sher Beesha-e-Ahle Sunnat''''' or '''''Munazir-e-Ahle Sunnat''''' was an Indian Islamic scholar, cleric, author and writer belonging to the Barelvi movement of Sunni Islam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ammar |first=Mohammad |date=16 February 2024 |title=रक्षा मंत्री राजनाथ सिंह बोले- मौलाना हशमत अली खां की वतन परस्ती प्रेरणादायी- कहा; तहजीब के शहर लखनऊ से... - Defense Minister Rajnath Singh said Maulana Hashmat Ali Khan patriotism is inspiring From the cultured city Lucknow |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/pilibhit-defense-minister-rajnath-singh-said-maulana-hashmat-ali-khan-patriotism-is-inspiring-from-the-cultured-city-lucknow-23654441.html |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Congress |first=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=awdDAAAAYAAJ&q=hashmat+ali+khan+pilibhit |title=Proceedings |date=1994 |publisher=Indian History Congress |pages=446–449 |language=en}}</ref> He was the spiritual successor of [[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]] in the [[Qadiriyya|Qadiriyya-Razaviyya]] order of [[Sufism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=البغدادي |first=أ د أنوار أحمد خان |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V5oCEAAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PT252 |title=الإمام أحمد رضا خان الحنفي الماتريدي حياته وخدماته |publisher=Dar al-Malik |isbn=978-81-947627-1-3 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=Publications Division (India), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPDrDwAAQBAJ&dq=Hashmat+Ali+Khan&pg=PA22 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XXIV. No. 26. (28 JUNE, 1959) |date=1959-06-28 |publisher=Publications Division (India), New Delhi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ODBuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Hashmat+Ali+Khan&pg=PA85 |title=Punjab District Gazetteers |date=1907 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gottlieb |first=Robert S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-xk7L_DNcUC&dq=Hashmat+Ali+Khan&pg=PA1 |title=Solo Tabla Drumming of North India: Inam Ali Khan, Keramatullah Khan, and Wajid Hussain |date=1993 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1093-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=हजरत मौलाना हशमत अली शाह का उर्स आज से - |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/pilibhit-10005258.html |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> He was against the ideology of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and he had written a book against the [[Two-nation theory]] which is still banned in Pakistan.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Early life and education ==
He was born in 1902 in [[Amethi, Lucknow]], India. By the age of 9, he had already qualified as a Hafizul Quran, memorizing the entire Quran.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Suchita |date=2018-11-01 |title=पीलीभीत से उठी थी जिन्ना के खिलाफ आवाज़-मौलाना ज़रताब {{!}} Maulana Hashmat Ali Khan opposed Jinnah from pilibhit |url=https://www.patrika.com/pilibhit-news/maulana-hashmat-ali-khan-opposed-jinnah-from-pilibhit-3654214 |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |language=hi}}</ref> At the age of 12, he mastered ''Qirat-e-Saba'', which refers to the seven canonical recitations of the Quran.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=All India Radio (AIR), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zn3-DwAAQBAJ&dq=Hashmat+Ali+Khan&pg=PA406 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XLII. No. 8 (20 FEBRUARY, 1977) |date=1977-02-20 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=All India Radio (AIR), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxSyEAAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PA187 |title=AWAZ (URDU JOURNAL OF AIR): Jild No. 42, No. 4 (16th February, 1977) |date=1977-02-16 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvMwAQAAIAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86 |title=National Union Catalog: A Cumulative Author List Representing Library of Congress Printed Cards and Titles Reported by Other American Libraries |date=1978 |publisher=Library of Congress. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Āzād |first=Sayyid Maḥmūd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSJuAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86 |title=Tārīk̲h̲-i Kashmīr: Kashmīriyon̲ ke ʻurūj o zavāl kī t̤avīl aur mustanad dāstān, 5 hazār qabl-i Masīḥ se 1947ʻ tak |date=1990 |publisher=Siyādat Pablīkeshanz |language=ur}}</ref>

At the young age of 14, he was sent to [[Manzar-e-Islam|Dar al-Uloom Manzar-e-Islam]] in Bareilly to study under the tutelage of the scholars of his time. There, he became a disciple of [[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]], an Islamic scholar and the founder of Barelvi movement under [[Sunni Islam]]. Barelvi paid special attention to the Hashmat Ali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=MP |first=SHARMA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvLfEAAAQBAJ&dq=Hashmat+Ali+Khan&pg=PT7 |title=HOW TO PLAY TABLA |date=2023-10-30 |publisher=Abhishek Publications |isbn=978-93-94885-07-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Karachi |first=Library of Congress Library of Congress Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTiPJgLudNYC&q=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86 |title=Accessions List, Pakistan |date=1976 |publisher=American Libraries Book Procurement Centers. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Muradabadi |first=(Mufti) Ghulam Subhani Nazish Madani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YzqiEAAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PA117 |title=Abdus Salam Naami Ulama Wa Mashaikh |date=2022-12-16 |publisher=Abde Mustafa Official |language=ur}}</ref>

He also studied under [[Amjad Ali Aazmi]], and [[Hamid Raza Khan]], the elder son of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi. His educational journey was marked by his excellence in learning and debating, which earned him the title of "''Abul Fatah''" from Ahmed Raza Khan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anonymous |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAP1DwAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PT505 |title=Kitāb shināsi-yi āthār-i Fārsi-yi chāp shuda dar shibh-i qāra (Hind, Pākistān, Banglādish), 1160-1387/1195-1428/1781-2007. Volume 4 |date=2019-05-15 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-40608-7 |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rizwi |first=Muhammad Hasan Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_U9BQAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PT3 |title=Lightening: At Temptation of Satan |publisher=Urdu-Books |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shahabi |first=Intzam Allah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQRqBQAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PA11 |title=East India Company: Rebel Scholar |publisher=Urdu-Books |language=ur}}</ref>

His early life set the foundation for his later achievements as a lecturer, Mufti, and Principal in various religious institutions, and as a Khateeb at the [[Zeenat-ul-Masajid|Zeenat-ul-Masjid]] in Gojra Waala, Delhi.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Charu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCVGEAAAQBAJ&dq=Hashmat+Ali+Khan&pg=PT70 |title=Literary Sentiments in the Vernacular: Gender and Genre in Modern South Asia |last2=Brueck |first2=Laura |last3=Harder |first3=Hans |last4=Nijhawan |first4=Shobna |date=2021-12-14 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-51118-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lāʼibrerī |first=K̲h̲udā Bak̲h̲sh Oriyanṭal Pablik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGltAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86 |title=Khuda Bakhsh Library journal |date=1995 |publisher=K̲h̲udā Bak̲h̲sh Oriyanṭal Pablik Lāʼibreri |language=ur}}</ref>

== Life ==

=== Spiritual Journey ===

* At 14, he took Bai’at (pledge) at the hands of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Saud ul Hassan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtdLAQAAIAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86 |title=Tārīk̲h̲-i Baṛīc: Afg̲h̲ān Qabīlah Baṛīc ke siyāsī va samājī ḥalāt kī tafṣīl |date=2006 |publisher=G̲h̲aznavī Pablisharz ainḍ Buk Selarz |language=ur}}</ref>
* Earned the title of '''"Abul Fatah"''' from Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Janamejaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONJCAAAAcAAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PA190 |title=Nuskhá i dilkusha, or Notices and Selections from the Works of Urdu Poets: I |date=1870 |publisher=Ganśa Press |language=ur}}</ref>
* Became a lecturer, Mufti, and Principal at various religious institutions.
* Served as a Khateeb at Zeenat-ul-Masjid in Gojra Waala.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aleemi |first=Muhammad Tauseef Raza |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ehf1EAAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PA171 |title=Hussame Razviyya |date=2024-02-15 |publisher=Abde Mustafa Publications |language=ur}}</ref>

Teachings and Legacy:

* Known for his oratory skills, deeply drowned in the love of the Holy Prophet Muhammad.
* Warned believers against the [[Deobandi movement]] and [[Wahhabism]] and called them as "Thieves of [[Faith|Imaan]]" to protect their faith.
* His tongue was described as a "naked sword," cutting through false beliefs with bright proofs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jalali |first=Shuaib Attari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrmiEAAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PA26 |title=Firqa -e- Batila Ka Taqub |date=2022-12-19 |publisher=Abde Mustafa Official |language=ur}}</ref>
* His words also offered comfort and guidance to true believers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adrawi |first=Muhammad Saleem Ansari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nau0EAAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PA46 |title=Maqalaate Adrawi |date=2023-03-20 |publisher=Abde Mustafa Official |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Anonymous |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UgP1DwAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PT609 |title=Kitāb shināsi-yi āthār-i Fārsi-yi chāp shuda dar shibh-i qāra (Hind, Pākistān, Banglādish), 1160-1387/1195-1428/1781-2007. Volume 1 |date=2019-05-15 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-40603-2 |language=fa}}</ref>

== Views on Two-nation theory ==
He was against the Two-nation theory given by [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. In 1939, Hashmat Ali Khan and Syed Shah Aulad-e-Rasool Muhammad Miyan (1892-1955) was against the creation of Pakistan and challenged the Muslim League's assertion as the sole spokesperson of Indian Muslims.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Jamaluddin |first1=Syed |last2=Jamaluddin |first2=Saiyid |date=1993 |title=A Non-Congress Critique of the Muslim League Hegemony: The Barelwi Perspective, 1939 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44142998 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=54 |pages=441–450 |jstor=44142998 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

=== Jamat-e-Ahle Sunnat ===
Hashmat Ali Khan along with his contemporary Barelvi ulema such as Maulana Ghulam Jilani, Maulana Abdul Qadir, Maulana Abdul Rahman, [[Shariful Haq Amjadi|Maulana Shariful Haq Amjadi]] had opposed the Two-nation theory and came forward to form Jamat-e-Ahle Sunnat, an organization formed to oppose the creation of Pakistan. It was centred at the Khanquah-e-Barakatiya of Marehra, Etah district. The organization published ''Muslim League Ki Zarri Bakhiya'' and ''Ehkam-e-Shariat Bar Humzaban-e-League-e-Ahle Bid'at'', two treatises of Fatwas issued by Maulana Syed Shah Aulad-e-Rasool Muhammad Miyan.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Miyan |first=Syed Shah Aulad-e-Rasool Muhammad |title=Muslim League ki Zarrin Bakhiya Dari |publisher=Sudar-shan Press |year=1939 |location=Etah |pages=2–3 |language=ur}}</ref>

== Works ==

* ''Fatawa Hashmatia'', a collection of fatwas addressing various aspects of Islamic jurisprudence and belief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qadri |first=Abde Mustafa Muhammad Sabir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ccPSEAAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86&pg=PA15 |title=Shaykh Saddo (Urdu) |date=2023-08-24 |publisher=Abde Mustafa Publications |language=ur}}</ref>
* ''Sawarim-ul-Hindiya,'' a collection of Fatwas against the Imams of Deobandi movement<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-27 |title=Sher Besha e Ahl e Sunnat Allama Hashmat Ali Khan / شیر بیشۂ اہل سنت علامہ حشمت علی خان |url=https://muftiakhtarrazakhan.com/her-besha-e-ahl-e-sunnat-allama-hashmat-ali-khan/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=Taj ush Shariah |language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''Munazra-e-Sambhal<ref name=":2" />''
* ''Munazra-e-Surat''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Munazira E Soorat By Allama Hashmat Ali Khan Lakhnavi / مناظرہ راندیر سورت by مولانا محمد نظام الدین |url=https://www.darsenizami.in/2019/11/munazira-e-soorat-by-allama-hashmat-ali.html |access-date=2024-07-08}}</ref>
* ''Munazra-e-Punjab''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Munazira Punjab By Allama Hashmat Ali Khan Qadri / مناظرہ پنجاب by شیر بشہ اہلسنت علامہ حشمت علی خان رحمۃ اللہ علیہ |url=https://www.darsenizami.in/2019/11/munazira-punjab-by-allama-hashmat-ali.html |access-date=2024-07-08}}</ref>
* ''Al-Qilada-tul-Tayyab<ref name=":2" />''
* ''Taqreer Muneer-e-Qalb<ref name=":2" />''
* ''Radd-e-Al Muhannad<ref name=":2" />''
* ''Raaz Seerat Committee<ref name=":2" />''
* ''Ulama-e-Deoband Ki Makkariyaan''<ref name=":2" />

== Legacy ==
Darul Uloom Hashmat-ur-Raza, Hashmat Nagar, Pilibhit was founded and established in the memory of Ali Khan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hazrat Hasmat Ali Khan {{!}} District Pilibhit, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://pilibhit.nic.in/document/hazrat-hasmat-ali-khan/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite book |last=Anjum |first=Ghulam Yahya |author-link=Ghulam Yahya Anjum|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/maulana-hashmat-ali-lucknawi-ek-tahqiqi-mutala-ghulam-yahya-anjum-ebooks |title=Maulana Hashmat Ali Lucknawi: Ek Tahqiqi Mut'ala |publisher=Danish Kada, New Delhi |year=1992 |pages=351 |language=Urdu}}
* {{Cite book |last=Noori |first=Muhammad Afthab Cassim Razvi |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/141296489/The-Lion-Of-The-Ahle-Sunnat-English |title=The Lion of Ahle Sunnat: Allama Hashmat Ali Khan |publisher=Imam Mustafa Raza Research Centre |year=2007 |location=Durban, South Africa |language=en}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Hashmat Ali}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:Manzar-e-Islam alumni]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:Barelvis]]
[[Category:Indian Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:Students of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]]

Hashmat Ali Khan - Revision history

Rajnishkumar123: starting some bio initial version - done