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{{Short description|India's first woman wrestler}}
{{Multiple issues|{{Fan POV|date=June 2024}}}}

'''Hamida Banu''' (died 1986)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamida Banu: All About The Incredible Life of India's First Woman Wrestler |url=https://www.ndtv.com/feature/hamida-banu-all-about-the-incredible-life-of-indias-first-woman-wrestler-5586635 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> was India’s first female [[wrestler]]. She was known for her immense strength and determination, dominating the wrestling circuits for over a decade from the time of her debut in 1937. She was also known as the ‘[[Amazons|Amazon]] of Aligarh’.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-05-25 |title=Hamida Banu: The incredible life of India's 'first' woman wrestler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65630615 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-GB}}</ref> She challenged and won against many Indian wrestlers of the time and also participated in wrestling competitions in Europe.

She fought and shattered many gender and religious stereotypes, at a time when both wrestling was a [[taboo]] for women and being a [[Muslim]] woman meant you had to follow the [[Purdah|purdah custom]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=editorpaperclip |date=2023-04-25 |title=Uncovering the Legacy of Hamida Banu: The Fearless Female Wrestler of Colonial India |url=https://thepaperclip.in/the-muslim-woman-wrestler-hamida-banu/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Paperclip. |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Google Doodle]] pays tribute to India’s first woman wrestler.<ref>{{cite web |title='Amazon of Aligarh': Google Doodle pays tribute to India's first woman wrestler Hamida Banu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/google-doodle-tribute-indias-first-woman-wrestler-hamida-banu-9307151/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=4 May 2024}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
Born in [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] in the early 1920s,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Dsouza |first=Krystelle |date=2023-06-03 |title=How The Legendary Hamida Banu Paved the Way for Female Wrestlers in Colonial India |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/319760/hamida-banu-female-wrestler-from-aligarh-uttar-pradesh-colonial-india-history/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref> Banu was initiated into [[martial arts]] at the age of 10 by her father, a famous wrestler named Nader Pahelwan. Little else is known about Banu’s early life.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Times top10 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gender-may-15-2023/coronabytes/msid-100158040.cms |access-date=2024-03-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Wrestling career and notable matches ==
Hamida Banu began her career as a wrestler at a time when most sports in India, and wrestling in particular, were male-dominated spaces. She began her training in Aligarh under a local wrestler named Salam Pahalwan.<ref name=":0" />

Since entry of women into these spaces was largely restricted, Banu resorted to wrestling male opponents, which was received with great criticism.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Radhika |date=2023-04-28 |title=Hamida Banu: The First Woman Wrestler {{!}} #IndianWomenInHistory |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2023/04/28/hamida-banu-the-first-woman-wrestler-indianwomeninhistory/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Feminism in India |language=en-GB}}</ref> At these matches, Hamida wore the same sports outfit,<ref name=":1" /> which incited protests from conservative men. Her opponents often refused to wrestle her because they felt that women were not worthy of a fight.<ref name=":2" /> Simultaneously, male wrestlers like Baba Pahelwan challenged her to either marry him or defeat him in a wrestling match - in an attempt to dismiss and undermine her skills as a female athlete.

Although Banu succeeded in her fight against several male wrestlers, the orthodox community in [[Punjab]] refused to accept her passion for wrestling and even targeted her with insults and physical assaults. Soon after, she had no choice but to flee.<ref name=":1" />

There were two other known cases in which the widespread perception of wrestling as a man’s sport stood in the way of Banu’s career. According to [[The Times of India]], a bout with male wrestler Ramchandra Salunke had to be canceled because the local wrestling federation objected. There was another time when Hamida was booed and stoned by people when she defeated a male opponent, which called for police authorities to intervene.<ref name=":0"/>

Banu is known to have won over 320 wrestling matches in her career which spans 1930-1950. The first wrestling match that proved to be a turning point was her 1937 face-off with [[Lahore]] wrestler Feroze Khan in Agra,<ref name=":1"/> where she “pinned him down” and “threw him back down with an energetic flying mare”, taking him by complete surprise.

Following the now-famous ultimatum of “Beat me in a bout and I'll marry you,”<ref name=":0" /> In a bout held in Mumbai on May 2, 1954, Banu, then five foot three and weighing a substantial 230 pounds, defeated a prospective [[suitor]] and wrestler Baba Pahelwan in less than two minutes. An interesting anecdote about this match tells us how Chhote Gama Pahalwan, a wrestler who was patronised by the [[Maharaja]]h of [[Baroda]], was to be Hamida’s opponent but had supposedly withdrawn upon hearing of Banu’s unbelievable strength, but not before citing his refusal to fight a woman as his reason for dropping out, thus leaving the next challenger Baba Pahelwan to fight Banu. Baba Pahelwan’s defeat would be the third time she had felled a suitor since February of that year, including one Sikh (Khadag Singh)<ref name="auto"/> and another [[Hindu]] wrestler from [[West Bengal]].

Such “mixed” matches, in which Banu vanquished male wrestlers, were always eponymous for the controversies they stirred. During a bout in Kolhapur in Maharasthra, the audience booed and even stoned Banu for defeating her male opponent, Somasingh Punjabi. The police who were deployed to control the crowds, touted the match a “farce” which aligned with the allegations prevalent at the time, of dummies being put up to challenge Banu in these “mixed” matches. These allegations had forced even then-Chief Minister of Maharashtra, [[Morarji Desai]],<ref name=":0"/> to intervene and ban mixed gender matches. Nonetheless, Banu continued to fight.

In 1954, Banu notably defeated [[Soviet Union|Russian]] pro-wrestler Vera Chistilin,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Ronojoy |title=Nation at Play |publisher=Penguin Random House India |date=October 2015 |isbn=9780231164900 |publication-date=October 2015 |language=English}}</ref> then regarded as “female bear” within a minute in Mumbai's Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium. Later that same year, she had also wrestled [[Singapore]]’s female wrestling champion Raja Laila, and subsequently challenged European wrestlers for a fight.

== Post-wrestling life ==
After the highly publicized wrestling matches in Europe, Banu disappeared from the wrestling scene. Reports suggest that Banu faced domestic violence from Salam Pahalwan, who beat her to prevent her from traveling to Europe, resulting in her hands being broken.<ref name=":0"/>

She and Salam Pahalwan were known to travel between Aligarh, Mumbai, and Kalyan for their [[dairy]] business. Eventually, Salam Pahalwan returned to Aligarh, while Banu stayed on in Kalyan. Banu resorted to selling milk, renting out buildings, and selling homemade snacks to make ends meet.<ref name=":0"/>

Hamida Banu died in 1986.<ref name=":0"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banu, Hamida}}
[[Category:Indian_female_professional_wrestlers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Indian female sport wrestlers]]

Hamida Banu (wrestler) - Revision history

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