Halba (tribe) - Revision history

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	\| flag =		\| flag =
	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| population =		\| population = c.750,000 (2011 census)<ref name="jankaritoday"/>
	\| popplace = [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Odisha]]		\| popplace = [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Odisha]]
	\| langs = [[Halbi language\|Halbi]], [[Hindi]]		\| langs = [[Halbi language\|Halbi]], [[Hindi]]
	\| religions = ~~'''Predominantly:'''<br>{{hlist\|[[File:Om.svg\|15px]]~~[[Hinduism]]\|[[~~Folk religion~~]]~~}}<br>~~		\| religions = [[Hinduism]]
	~~\| related =~~ [[Indo-Aryan peoples]]		\| related = [[Bhunjia]], [[Indo-Aryan peoples]]
	}}		}}
	'''Halba''' are a community found in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Orissa]] in [[India]]. They speak the [[Halbi language]].<ref>{{cite ~~book~~\|url=https://~~books~~.~~google~~.com/~~books?id=n0gwfmPFTLgC&pg=PA281~~\|title=~~Tribal Roots of Hinduism~~\|~~isbn~~=~~9788176252997~~\|access-date=17 January 2020\|~~last1~~=~~Tiwari~~\|~~first1~~=~~Shiv Kumar~~\|~~year~~=~~2002~~}}</ref> The name Halba derive form the term 'Hal' that locally means ploughing.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.~~mapsofindia~~.com/~~chhattisgarh~~/~~people~~-~~culture~~-~~festivals~~/~~chhattisgarh~~-~~tribes~~.~~html~~\|title=~~Halbaa~~\|~~website~~=~~mapsofindia~~\|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>		'''Halba''' are a tribal community found in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Orissa]] in [[India]]. They speak the [[Halbi language]].<ref name="jankaritoday"/><ref name="mapsofindia">{{cite web\|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/chhattisgarh/people-culture-festivals/chhattisgarh-tribes.html\|title=Halbaa\|website=mapsofindia\|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref> They are primarily agricultural community.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://exploreindia.tv/the-puberty-birth-rituals-of-the-halba-tribe-of-chattisgarh/\|title=The puberty and birth rituals of the halba tribe of Chhattisgarh\|publisher=exploreindia\|access-date=29 August 2022}}</ref>

			==Etymology==
			The name Halba derive form the term 'Hal' that locally means ploughing. Halba are primarily agricultural community.<ref name="mapsofindia"/>
			==[[History]]==
			The Halba tribal community are the chief tribe of [[Bastar division\|Bastar]] region of Chhattisgarh. They adopted farming. Many are weaver known as [[Koshti]].<ref name="timesofindia">{{Cite news\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/halba-women-to-hit-the-road-on-mon/articleshow/64989898.cms\|title=Halba women to hit the road on Monday\|publisher=timesofindia\|date=15 July 2018\|access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref> They were employed in militia under various ruling dynasty of the region.<ref name="jankaritoday"/> According to [[Robert Vane Russell]], Halba are mixed caste of [[Gondi people\|Gond]] and Hindu. Probably descendants of servants of Odia kings who formed some militia to maintain authority. But according to recent genetics, they are related to Gond.<ref name="academia.edu">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.academia.edu/35614276\|title=Halba Tribe\|publisher=academia.edu\|author=Ajay Sonkusare\|access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref>

			After the [[Chalukya]], the region came under [[Maratha]] and British [[East India Company]] rule. Halba rebellion was led by governor of Dongar Ajmer Singh against Maratha and British in 1774. He wanted to establish an independent state. But Maratha and British defeated the Halba forces and massacre many Halba tribal.<ref name="academia.edu"/>

			==Society==
			The Halba have four subgroups: Pitnia Halba, Bunkar Halba, Telia Halba and Jadi/Jadia Halba. Pintia are those who have migrated to Odisha. Bunkar are those who adopted weaving for their livelihood, Telia Halba who reside in Chhattisgarh.<ref name="jankaritoday">{{cite web\|url=https://jankaritoday.com/halba-caste-history/\|title=Halba caste history\|publisher=jankaritoday\|date=19 November 2021\|access-date=29 August 2022}}</ref> Weaver Halba are also known as [[Koshti]].<ref name="timesofindia"/> The population of Halba is around 0.75 million.<ref name="jankaritoday"/>

			They have many surnames including Som,Naik, Raut, Voyar, Nadge, Kothwar, Gharait, Chudi, Pakhle, Gawad, Hedu, Medke, Yele, Mankar, Chillar, Sherkar, Margai, Chandrapur, Bhandara, Bhandari etc.<ref name="jankaritoday"/>

			==Culture==
			===Language===
			Halba speak [[Halbi language]] which is mixed language of [[Marathi language\|Marathi]] and [[Odia language]].<ref name="jankaritoday"/>
			===Cuisine===
			Although Halba are primarily agricultural community.<ref name="mapsofindia"/> Halba are also professional weaver. Many became jobless when modern powerlooms methods came in 1970s. Then, many started selling their foods which have become quite famous in Nagpur city. Their traditional food is known as Saoji which includes Sundari, Tari Pohe, Wada Bhat, Pithla Bhakar, Jhunka Bhakar, Sabudanawada, Saoji Chicken, Patwadi Rassa, Khur Saoji, Mutton Saoji, and Kothmirwadi.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.newsinc24.com/news/halba-tribes-food...-saoji-cuisine\|title=Halba Tribe's Food... Saoji Cuisine\|publisher=newsinc24\|date=23 January 2022\|access-date=29 August 2022}}</ref>
			===Religion===
			The patron deity of Halba is Mata Mai. The [[Danteshwari Temple]] was established by Chalukya king in 14th century in [[Bastar district]].<ref name="academia.edu"/> They also worship other deities including Maili mata, Gusain-Pusain, Budhadeo, Kunwardeo.<ref name="jankaritoday"/><ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0gwfmPFTLgC&pg=PA281\|title=Tribal Roots of Hinduism\|isbn=9788176252997\|access-date=17 January 2020\|last1=Tiwari\|first1=Shiv Kumar\|year=2002}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	~~# Gell, Simeran M. S., ''The [[Ghotul]] in Muria Society''. Singapore: Hardwood Academic Publishers, 1993.~~

	{{Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra}}{{Social groups of Maharashtra}}		{{Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra}}{{Social groups of Maharashtra}}

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	'''Halba''' are a community found in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Orissa]] in [[India]]. They speak the [[Halbi language]].<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0gwfmPFTLgC&pg=PA281~~&lpg=PA281&dq~~\|title=Tribal Roots of Hinduism\|isbn=9788176252997\|access-date=17 January 2020\|last1=Tiwari\|first1=Shiv Kumar\|year=2002}}</ref> The name Halba derive form the term 'Hal' that locally means ploughing.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/chhattisgarh/people-culture-festivals/chhattisgarh-tribes.html\|title=Halbaa\|website=mapsofindia\|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>		'''Halba''' are a community found in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Orissa]] in [[India]]. They speak the [[Halbi language]].<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0gwfmPFTLgC&pg=PA281\|title=Tribal Roots of Hinduism\|isbn=9788176252997\|access-date=17 January 2020\|last1=Tiwari\|first1=Shiv Kumar\|year=2002}}</ref> The name Halba derive form the term 'Hal' that locally means ploughing.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/chhattisgarh/people-culture-festivals/chhattisgarh-tribes.html\|title=Halbaa\|website=mapsofindia\|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	# Gell, Simeran M. S., ''The [[Ghotul]] in Muria Society''. Singapore: Hardwood Academic Publishers, 1993.		# Gell, Simeran M. S., ''The [[Ghotul]] in Muria Society''. Singapore: Hardwood Academic Publishers, 1993.

	{{Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra}}		{{Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra}}{{Social groups of Maharashtra}}

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	\| population =		\| population =
	\| popplace = [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Odisha]]		\| popplace = [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Odisha]]
	\| langs = [[Halbi language\|Halbi]], [[Hindi~~]], [[Marathi language\|Marathi~~]]		\| langs = [[Halbi language\|Halbi]], [[Hindi]]
	\| religions = '''Predominantly:'''<br>{{hlist\|[[File:Om.svg\|15px]][[Hinduism]]\|[[Folk religion]]}}		\| religions = '''Predominantly:'''<br>{{hlist\|[[File:Om.svg\|15px]][[Hinduism]]\|[[Folk religion]]}}<br>
	\| related = [[Indo-Aryan peoples]]		\| related = [[Indo-Aryan peoples]]
	}}		}}
	'''Halba''' are a community found in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Orissa]] in [[India]]~~. However over last two decades, many people have moved to other parts of India for education, work and jobs~~.They speak the [[Halbi language]]~~, [[Marathi language\|Marathi]] and [[Hindi]]. The literacy rate has improved in Halba community over last decade~~.<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0gwfmPFTLgC&pg=PA281&lpg=PA281&dq\|title=Tribal Roots of Hinduism\|isbn=9788176252997\|access-date=17 January 2020\|last1=Tiwari\|first1=Shiv Kumar\|year=2002}}</ref> The name Halba derive form the term 'Hal' that locally means ploughing~~. Traditionally Halba community people are seen engaged in farming,weaving and other farm related works. Halba tribe is also synonymously referred as Halbi, Koshti,Kosti etc.~~		'''Halba''' are a community found in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Orissa]] in [[India]]. They speak the [[Halbi language]].<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0gwfmPFTLgC&pg=PA281&lpg=PA281&dq\|title=Tribal Roots of Hinduism\|isbn=9788176252997\|access-date=17 January 2020\|last1=Tiwari\|first1=Shiv Kumar\|year=2002}}</ref> The name Halba derive form the term 'Hal' that locally means ploughing.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/chhattisgarh/people-culture-festivals/chhattisgarh-tribes.html\|title=Halbaa\|website=mapsofindia\|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>

	~~==Culture and Festivals==~~

	Halba community celebrates all major and minor festivals of India cordially with other society members. Diwali, Holi, Makarsankranti, Rakshabandhan, Ganesh Festival, Durga Festival, Nagpanchami are some of the important festivals. Padva,second day festival, is especially popular in Halba community. People celebrate it by visiting their relatives and taking blessings of elders.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/chhattisgarh/people-culture-festivals/chhattisgarh-tribes.html\|title=Halbaa\|website=mapsofindia\|access-date=17 January 2020}}~~</ref>~~

	~~==Demography and Economic Development==~~

	Halba community is situated mainly in Maharashtra ( Vidharbha region, Districts of Gadchiroli, Bhandara, Gondia, Nagpur, Chandrapur, Thane, Yavatmal, Wasim, Akola, Amaravati and Mumbai), Chattisgarh ( Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg, Rajnandgoan), Madhya Pradesh ( Bhopal, Jabalpur, Bhillai etc.) and also in the state of Orissa and Gujrat ( Surat). However over last two decades many people have moved to other parts of India for education, work and jobs ( Government and private) and adopted culture there cordially. Over last two decades, this community has participated aggressively on economic development by focusing on education. There have been numerous cases logded by many prominent personalities of this community for getting Scheduled Tribe status through caste certificate and validation for upliftment of people of this community. This is one of the reason why community chose to focus on education and social upliftment on their own. There is still quite a big section of this community below poverty line and dependent on government schemes and initiatives to improve living.

	~~==Cuisine==~~

	Halba community is very famous for its spicy and tasty food preparation skills. One of the famous culinary preparation is known as 'Saoji'. Saoji taste is available in both veg and non veg category however Saoji non veg preparations are very famous and has often find a mention in major food shows on TV channels. One can see many hotels named as Soaji Hotel, Saoji Dhaba, Saoji Restaurant etc. in Vidharbha region.

	~~==Prominent Personalities==~~

	~~Vikas Shankarrao Kumbhare, Member of 14th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, Central Nagpur.<ref>http://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=8980~~</ref>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	# Gell, Simeran M. S., ''The [[Ghotul]] in Muria Society''. Singapore: Hardwood Academic Publishers, 1993.		# Gell, Simeran M. S., ''The [[Ghotul]] in Muria Society''. Singapore: Hardwood Academic Publishers, 1993.
	~~#https://www.thestatesman.com/india/handloom-communities-india-1502670307.html~~

	{{Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra}}		{{Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra}}


	{{authority control}}		{{authority control}}

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{{more citations needed|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{infobox ethnic group
| group = Halba
| image =
| flag =
| caption =
| population =
| popplace = [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Odisha]]
| langs = [[Halbi language|Halbi]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| religions = '''Predominantly:'''<br>{{hlist|[[File:Om.svg|15px]][[Hinduism]]|[[Folk religion]]}}
| related = [[Indo-Aryan peoples]]
}}
'''Halba''' are a community found in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Orissa]] in [[India]]. However over last two decades, many people have moved to other parts of India for education, work and jobs.They speak the [[Halbi language]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Hindi]]. The literacy rate has improved in Halba community over last decade.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0gwfmPFTLgC&pg=PA281&lpg=PA281&dq|title=Tribal Roots of Hinduism|isbn=9788176252997|access-date=17 January 2020|last1=Tiwari|first1=Shiv Kumar|year=2002}}</ref> The name Halba derive form the term 'Hal' that locally means ploughing. Traditionally Halba community people are seen engaged in farming,weaving and other farm related works. Halba tribe is also synonymously referred as Halbi, Koshti,Kosti etc.

==Culture and Festivals==

Halba community celebrates all major and minor festivals of India cordially with other society members. Diwali, Holi, Makarsankranti, Rakshabandhan, Ganesh Festival, Durga Festival, Nagpanchami are some of the important festivals. Padva,second day festival, is especially popular in Halba community. People celebrate it by visiting their relatives and taking blessings of elders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/chhattisgarh/people-culture-festivals/chhattisgarh-tribes.html|title=Halbaa|website=mapsofindia|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>

==Demography and Economic Development==

Halba community is situated mainly in Maharashtra ( Vidharbha region, Districts of Gadchiroli, Bhandara, Gondia, Nagpur, Chandrapur, Thane, Yavatmal, Wasim, Akola, Amaravati and Mumbai), Chattisgarh ( Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg, Rajnandgoan), Madhya Pradesh ( Bhopal, Jabalpur, Bhillai etc.) and also in the state of Orissa and Gujrat ( Surat). However over last two decades many people have moved to other parts of India for education, work and jobs ( Government and private) and adopted culture there cordially. Over last two decades, this community has participated aggressively on economic development by focusing on education. There have been numerous cases logded by many prominent personalities of this community for getting Scheduled Tribe status through caste certificate and validation for upliftment of people of this community. This is one of the reason why community chose to focus on education and social upliftment on their own. There is still quite a big section of this community below poverty line and dependent on government schemes and initiatives to improve living.

==Cuisine==

Halba community is very famous for its spicy and tasty food preparation skills. One of the famous culinary preparation is known as 'Saoji'. Saoji taste is available in both veg and non veg category however Saoji non veg preparations are very famous and has often find a mention in major food shows on TV channels. One can see many hotels named as Soaji Hotel, Saoji Dhaba, Saoji Restaurant etc. in Vidharbha region.

==Prominent Personalities==

Vikas Shankarrao Kumbhare, Member of 14th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, Central Nagpur.<ref>http://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=8980</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
# Gell, Simeran M. S., ''The [[Ghotul]] in Muria Society''. Singapore: Hardwood Academic Publishers, 1993.
#https://www.thestatesman.com/india/handloom-communities-india-1502670307.html

{{Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Tribal communities of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Chhattisgarh]]

{{india-ethno-stub}}