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{{Short description|1956 book by Abdul Majid Daryabadi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Hakeemul Ummat
| image = Cover of Hakeemul Ummat.webp
| caption = Urdu cover
| author = [[Abdul Majid Daryabadi]]
| title_orig = حکیم الامت: نقوش و تاثرات
| orig_lang_code = ur
| country = [[India]]
| language = Urdu
| subject = [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
| genre = [[Biography]]
| pub_date = 1956
| media_type = Print
| oclc = 23540660
| dewey = 920.71
| congress = BP80.T5 A64 1990
| publisher = [[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]]
}}
'''''Hakeemul Ummat: Nuqoosh wa Tasurat''''' ({{langx|ur|حکیم الامت: نقوش و تاثرات}}) is a biographical work about [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]], authored by [[Abdul Majid Daryabadi]], stemming from their mentor-disciple dynamic.{{Sfn|Ahmad|2020|p=275}} Focused on Thanwi's last phase from 1927 to 1943, covering 16 years, this work was first published by [[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]] in 1956.{{Sfn|Khanam|2012|p=186}} It is considered a [[masterpiece]] in the Urdu biography genre.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Siddiqui |first=Zubair Ahmad |title=Maulana Abdul Majid Daryabadi ki Sahafati Khidmaat Ka Tahqiqi Wo Tanqidi Jaiza |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/handle/10603/208408 |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=[[India]] |language=ur |type=PhD |hdl=10603/208408 |page=176 |access-date=1 January 2024 |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102184121/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/208408 |url-status=live }}</ref> The title of the book is derived from Thanwi's title, 'Hakeemul Ummat,' translating to the spiritual physician of the Muslims.{{Sfn|Salahuddin|2013|p=100}} Daryabadi was a disciple of Thanwi, establishing his connection with him after overcoming [[skepticism]] towards religion. In this work, Daryabadi presents Thanwi from a human perspective,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Firaqi |first=Tahsin |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/abdul-majid-daryabadi-ahwal-o-aasar-tahseen-firaqi-ebooks-2 |title=Abdul Majid Daryabadi : Ahwal va Asar |date=1993 |publisher=Idarah-yi Saqafat-i Islamiyyah |location=Lahore |page=383 |language=ur |oclc=30593236 |access-date=1 January 2024 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228221310/https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/abdul-majid-daryabadi-ahwal-o-aasar-tahseen-firaqi-ebooks-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> based on personal meetings, experiences, and observations.{{Sfn|Khanam|2012|p=186}}

== Foundation ==
Abdul Majid Daryabadi faced challenges in navigating a life shaped by his religious upbringing and English education, prompting a reevaluation of his established beliefs. Initially drawn to [[Atheism|atheistic]] arguments, his encounters with [[Akbar Allahabadi]] and [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar]] had a lasting impact on him. His skepticism was shattered when he read the ''[[Quran]]'' in English, marking the beginning of a transformative journey guided by Ashraf Ali Thanwi and characterized by a critical analysis of contemporary Islamic ideologies.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Ahmad |first=Ishtiaque |author-link=Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi |title=Ulama E Deoband Ki Swaneh Umriyon Ka Tanqeedi Tajziya Azadi Se Qabl |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] |year=2020 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/338413 |degree=PhD |page=274 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/338413 |access-date=1 January 2024 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228204525/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/338413 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Maintaining correspondence with Ashraf Ali Thanwi from 1927 to 1943, spanning sixteen years, Daryabadi, after Thanwi's demise in 1943, contemplated documenting the connections found in Thanwi's letters, leading to the creation of this book.{{Sfn|Ahmad|2020|p=275}} The content draws from various sources, including topics sourced from the monthly magazine ''Al-Noor'' published in [[Thana Bhawan]] and excerpts from ''Sidq-i-Jadid''.{{Sfn|Ahmad|2020|p=275}} The objective of this compilation is to present reliable historical, literary, and religious information, presenting scholarly content. First published in 1956 by [[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]] and later reissued in 1967 from Lahore.{{Sfn|Khanam|2012|p=186}}

== Elements and style ==
For composing biographies, a unique approach was taken—structuring chronological events through letters and personal details to capture moments, meetings, and influences within the mentor-disciple relationship.{{Sfn|Ahmad|2020|p=275}} This approach covers diverse subjects like [[Tafsir|interpretation]], hadith, jurisprudence, kindness, belief, wisdom, and literature, reflecting Ashraf Ali Thanwi's activities. The compilation includes Thanwi's responses to Daryabadi's inquiries, marked with symbols "Majid" and "Alif" for clarity.{{Sfn|Ahmad|2020|p=275}} In the introduction, the author explains the rationale, highlighting his distinctive biographical style. The condensed writing style uses delicate hints, avoiding a detailed account of spiritual progress but capturing principles, experiences, and objectives during the last fifteen to sixteen years of Thanwi's life.{{Sfn|Salahuddin|2013|p=101}} Salahuddin notes a biographer's duty to impartially present information without passing judgment, assessing Daryabadi's adherence to this principle.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Salahuddin |first=S. K. |title=Moulana Abdul Maajid Daryabadi ki adabi jehat |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/handle/10603/164202 |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[University of Calcutta]] |year=2013 |location=[[India]] |language=ur |type=PhD |hdl=10603/164202 |page=104 |access-date=1 January 2024 |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102184226/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/164202 |url-status=live }}</ref> Daryabadi's work deviates from conventional biography principles, focusing on knowledge, literature, religion, and social issues, reflecting Thanwi's human character. Early life details, birth, parents, marriage, and social aspects are omitted.{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2017|p=176}} Despite allegiance to [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]] instead of Thanwi, Daryabadi openly shared personal matters, seeking guidance.{{Sfn|Firaqi|1993|p=384}}

== Academic reception ==
Scholars from various academic backgrounds present insights into this book. Fauzia Khanam of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] regards it as a masterpiece in the biographical genre.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Khanam |first=Fauzia |title=Moulana Abdul Majid Daryabadi ki adabi khidmath |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/handle/10603/63562 |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2012 |location=[[India]] |language=ur |type=PhD |hdl=10603/63562 |page=180 |access-date=1 January 2024 |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102184220/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/63562 |url-status=live }}</ref> Zubair Ahmad Siddiqui, also from Aligarh Muslim University, acknowledges its enduring recognition in literature.{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2017|p=176}} Ishtiaque Ahmad from [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] commends Daryabadi's writing style as eloquent, captivating readers with concise sentences.{{Sfn|Ahmad|2020|p=276}} S. K. Salahuddin, linked to the [[University of Calcutta]], appreciates the author's attempt in presenting life stages.{{Sfn|Salahuddin|2013|p=101}} Tahsin Firaqi, associated with [[Oriental College]], views the work as a successful record of inner journey anecdotes, highlighting the author's commitment to authenticity.{{Sfn|Firaqi|1993|p=390}}

== See also ==
* [[Bibliography of Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite thesis |last=Akhtar |first=Md Jamil |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/496281 |title=Maulana Shibli Noamani As A Biographer And Historian |publisher=University Department of Urdu, [[Lalit Narayan Mithila University]] |type=PhD |year=1988 |location=India |language=ur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250921220545/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/496281 |archive-date=21 September 2025 |url-status=live |page=243 }}

== External links ==
* [[iarchive:Hakim-ul-Ummat-113680|''Hakeemul Ummat'']] at [[Internet Archive]]
{{Ashraf Ali Thanwi}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deobandi biographical literature]]
[[Category:Works about Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
[[Category:Books by Abdul Majid Daryabadi]]
[[Category:Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy books]]
[[Category:Urdu-language books]]
[[Category:1956 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian biographies]]
[[Category:Biographical books about religious figures]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]

Hakeemul Ummat - Revision history

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