Habung - Revision history

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	[[File:Habung Entrance.jpg\|thumb\|The entrance of the temple built in memory of Sukapha who visited Habung in search of agricultural land in the 13th century.]]		[[File:Habung Entrance.jpg\|thumb\|The entrance of the temple built in memory of Sukapha who visited Habung in search of agricultural land in the 13th century.]]

	'''Habung''' is a historical region in present-day [[Lakhimpur district]] of Assam, although some [[Ahom people\|Tai-ahom]] activists claim it to be a part of present-day [[Dhemaji district]].<ref>{{~~harvcol~~\|Saikia\|2004\|p=28}}"Dhemaji is more political and therefore somewhat more volatile than Patsako. Tai-ahom activism was very visible there, so much so that the first capital city of the Ahom swargadeos, Habung, was identified and claimed to be in Dhemaji."</ref> According to Wade (1800), the region where the [[Subansiri River\|Subansiri]] river and the [[Brahmaputra River\|Brahmaputra]] rivers met was known as Habung.{{sfn\|Wade\|1800\|p=16}}As per epigrahic records, Habung (Ha-vrnga-Vishaya) was a Visaya or province where Brahmins were settled by [[Ratna Pala]] of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)\|Pala dynasty]] of [[Kamarupa]] in the 10th century.<ref name="habung">"Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol\|Guha\|1983\|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol\|Guha\|1983\|p=33f}}</ref>		'''Habung''' is a historical region in present-day [[Lakhimpur district]] of [[Assam]], [[India]], although some [[Ahom people\|Tai-ahom]] activists claim it to be a part of present-day [[Dhemaji district]].<ref>{{harvp\|Saikia\|2004\|p=28}}:"Dhemaji is more political and therefore somewhat more volatile than Patsako. Tai-ahom activism was very visible there, so much so that the first capital city of the Ahom swargadeos, Habung, was identified and claimed to be in Dhemaji."</ref> According to Wade (1800), the region where the [[Subansiri River\|Subansiri]] river and the [[Brahmaputra River\|Brahmaputra]] rivers met was known as Habung.{{sfn\|Wade\|1800\|p=16}}As per epigrahic records, Habung (Ha-vrnga-Vishaya) was a Visaya or province where Brahmins were settled by [[Ratna Pala]] of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)\|Pala dynasty]] of [[Kamarupa]] in the 10th century.<ref name="habung">"Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol\|Guha\|1983\|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol\|Guha\|1983\|p=33f}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	===Early history===		===Early history===
	The earliest reference to Habung comes in the 10th century copper plate grant of Ratnapala of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)\|Pala dynasty]], when it was a province (visaya) of the [[Kamarupa Kingdom]] with [[Brahmin]] settlements.<ref>Habung was a Chutiya		The earliest reference to Habung comes in the 10th century copper plate grant of Ratnapala of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)\|Pala dynasty]], when it was a province (visaya) of the [[Kamarupa Kingdom]] with [[Brahmin]] settlements.<ref>Habung was a Chutiya
	dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala {{harvcol\|Guha\|1984\|p=73}}</ref><ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/67151/11/11_chapter%203.pdf ''The mention of Dibbaisa river forming southern boundary and Saica the south-western boundary led P.C. Choudhury to identify the Havranga visaya with Habung country lying to east of the river Suvansiri during the 10th-11th century A.D. Habung, comprising present Dhakuakhana region was for centuries a centre of Aryan culture'']</ref> It is known that [[Sukaphaa]], the Ahom king, spent a few years in Habung before finally settling down at Charaideo in 1253.{{sfn\|Phukan\|1992\|p=53}} ~~An future Ahom king, [[Sudangphaa]], was born to an exiled queen in the home of a Brahman in Habung in the late 14th century.{{sfn\|Baruah\|1986\|p=225}}~~		dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala {{harvcol\|Guha\|1984\|p=73}}</ref><ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/67151/11/11_chapter%203.pdf ''The mention of Dibbaisa river forming southern boundary and Saica the south-western boundary led P.C. Choudhury to identify the Havranga visaya with Habung country lying to east of the river Suvansiri during the 10th-11th century A.D. Habung, comprising present Dhakuakhana region was for centuries a centre of Aryan culture'']</ref>

			It is known that [[Sukaphaa]], the Ahom king, spent a few years in Habung before finally settling down at [[Charaideo]] in 1253.{{sfn\|Phukan\|1992\|p=53}}

	===Chutia dynasty period===		===Chutia dynasty period===
	The oldest copperplates of land grants (found till date) made in this region are those by the Chutia kings, that date back to the year 1392 AD when king Satyanarayan donated ''600 puti'' of land to a Brahman named Narayan Dwij at Dhenukhana.<ref>~~Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji,~~ p~~. 38-39."~~Two of these copperplates were issued by king Satyanarayan in 1314 saka(1392 AD)....This land was part of the Habung region where several Brahmin families had been settled.</ref> This was the time when the Ahom prince Sudangphaa was still living with his Brahmin foster family at Habung. The copper plate of Chutia king Dharmanarayan dated 1428 A.D. mentions ''Sri Vrihat-patra'' as ''Habung-aadhipati'' (lord of Habung). The plate records land grants of ''400 puti'' given to a Brahmin named ''Purandar Vipra'', indicating that Habung was a principality of the [[Chutia kingdom]].~~<ref>Dr. Swarnalata~~ Baruah~~(2004), ''Chutiya Jaatir Buranji'', Page~~ 585~~</ref>~~		The oldest copperplates of land grants (found till date) made in this region are those by the Chutia kings, that date back to the year 1392 AD when king Satyanarayan donated ''600 puti'' of land to a Brahman named Narayan Dwij at Dhenukhana.<ref>{{harvp\|Baruah\|2007\|p=38–39}} : Two of these copperplates were issued by king Satyanarayan in 1314 saka (1392 AD)....This land was part of the Habung region where several Brahmin families had been settled.</ref> This was the time when the Ahom prince [[Sudangphaa]] was still living with his Brahmin foster family at Habung.{{sfn\|Baruah\|1986\|p=225}} The copper plate of Chutia king Dharmanarayan dated 1428 A.D. mentions ''Sri Vrihat-patra'' as ''Habung-aadhipati'' (lord of Habung). The plate records land grants of ''400 puti'' given to a Brahmin named ''Purandar Vipra'', indicating that Habung was a principality of the [[Chutia kingdom]].{{sfn\|Baruah\|2007\|p=585}}

	[[Suhungmung]], the Ahom king, following an expansionist policy and annexed Panbari of Habung in 1512 AD, which was a part of the Chutia kingdom.<ref>~~Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji,~~p. 128~~, "~~Suhungmung attacked Panbari, the western region of Habung province, situated on the North bank of Luit(Brahmaputra) in the year 1512. Habung was a part of Chutia kingdom...This is the reason why the Chutia king Dhirnarayan launched a naval as well as land attack against the Ahoms in the year 1513 at Dikhoumukh."</ref> The Chutia king Dhirnarayan attacked the Ahoms at [[Dikhow River\|Dikhoumukh]] the next year, but was unsuccessful. The Chutias again attacked the Ahoms in 1520 and occupied the areas up to Namdang and Mungkhrang.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam01gaitgoog/page/n107/mode/1up Gait, Edward, "A History of Assam, p.84 The Chutias made no effort to regain their lost territory until 1520, when they attacked the Ahom fort at Mungkhrang. The Ahom commander was killed in a sortie and the garrison fled; and for a time the Chutias once more ruled this tract of country.]</ref>		[[Suhungmung]], the Ahom king, following an expansionist policy and annexed Panbari of Habung in 1512 AD, which was a part of the Chutia kingdom.<ref>{{harvp\|Baruah\|2007\|p=128}} : Suhungmung attacked Panbari, the western region of Habung province, situated on the North bank of Luit (Brahmaputra) in the year 1512. Habung was a part of Chutia kingdom...This is the reason why the Chutia king Dhirnarayan launched a naval as well as land attack against the Ahoms in the year 1513 at Dikhoumukh.</ref> The Chutia king Dhirnarayan attacked the Ahoms at [[Dikhow River\|Dikhoumukh]] the next year, but was unsuccessful. The Chutias again attacked the Ahoms in 1520 and occupied the areas up to Namdang and Mungkhrang.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam01gaitgoog/page/n107/mode/1up Gait, Edward, "A History of Assam, p.84 The Chutias made no effort to regain their lost territory until 1520, when they attacked the Ahom fort at Mungkhrang. The Ahom commander was killed in a sortie and the garrison fled; and for a time the Chutias once more ruled this tract of country.]</ref>

	The last copperplate recording a grant made in the region was issued by king Dhirnarayan in 1522 A.D. at a place known as Konwargaon (present-day [[Dhakuakhana]]) after which the region was finally annexed by the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] in 1523 A.D.~~<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji,~~ p~~. 41-42.</ref>~~		The last copperplate recording a grant made in the region was issued by king Dhirnarayan in 1522 A.D. at a place known as Konwargaon (present-day [[Dhakuakhana]]) after which the region was finally annexed by the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] in 1523 A.D.{{sfn\|Baruah\|2007\|p=41–42}}

	==Popular culture==		==Popular culture==
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	}}		}}
	*{{citation \|last=Gait \|first=Edward Albert\|date=1906 \|title=A history of Assam \|publisher=Calcutta, Thacker, Spink & co.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-6kr1IyHJkC }}		*{{citation \|last=Gait \|first=Edward Albert\|date=1906 \|title=A history of Assam \|publisher=Calcutta, Thacker, Spink & co.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-6kr1IyHJkC }}
	*{{cite book \|last1=Wade \|first1=John Peter \|title=An Account Of Assam \|date=1800 \|publisher= \|lang=en}}		*{{cite book \|last1=Wade \|first1=John Peter \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125418/page/n3/mode/2up\|title=An Account Of Assam \|date=1800 \|publisher=R. SARMAH Madhupur Tea Estate\|location=North Lakhimpur\|lang=en}}
			*{{cite book \|last=Baruah\|url=https://archive.org/details/chutiaburanji/mode/2up\|first=Swarnalata\|title=Chutia Jatir Buranji\|date=2007}}
			*{{Citation \|last=Phukan \|first=J. N. \|contribution=The Tai-Ahom Power in Assam \|editor-last=Barpujari \|editor-first=H. K. \|title=The Comprehensive History of Assam \|volume=2 \|pages=49–60 \|publisher=Assam Publication Board \|place=Guwahati \|year=1992}}
			*{{citation\|last = Baruah\|first = S L \|title = A Comprehensive History of Assam\|year = 1986\|publisher = Munshiram Manoharlal}}
	{{refend}}		{{refend}}

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	~~{{pp-sock\|small=yes}}~~
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	{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2018}}

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	The oldest copperplates of land grants (found till date) made in this region are those by the Chutia kings, that date back to the year 1392 AD when king Satyanarayan donated ''600 puti'' of land to a Brahman named Narayan Dwij at Dhenukhana.<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 38-39."Two of these copperplates were issued by king Satyanarayan in 1314 saka(1392 AD)....This land was part of the Habung region where several Brahmin families had been settled.</ref> This was the time when the Ahom prince Sudangphaa was still living with his Brahmin foster family at Habung. The copper plate of Chutia king Dharmanarayan dated 1428 A.D. mentions ''Sri Vrihat-patra'' as ''Habung-aadhipati'' (lord of Habung). The plate records land grants of ''400 puti'' given to a Brahmin named ''Purandar Vipra'', indicating that Habung was a principality of the [[Chutia kingdom]].<ref>Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), ''Chutiya Jaatir Buranji'', Page 585</ref>		The oldest copperplates of land grants (found till date) made in this region are those by the Chutia kings, that date back to the year 1392 AD when king Satyanarayan donated ''600 puti'' of land to a Brahman named Narayan Dwij at Dhenukhana.<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 38-39."Two of these copperplates were issued by king Satyanarayan in 1314 saka(1392 AD)....This land was part of the Habung region where several Brahmin families had been settled.</ref> This was the time when the Ahom prince Sudangphaa was still living with his Brahmin foster family at Habung. The copper plate of Chutia king Dharmanarayan dated 1428 A.D. mentions ''Sri Vrihat-patra'' as ''Habung-aadhipati'' (lord of Habung). The plate records land grants of ''400 puti'' given to a Brahmin named ''Purandar Vipra'', indicating that Habung was a principality of the [[Chutia kingdom]].<ref>Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), ''Chutiya Jaatir Buranji'', Page 585</ref>

	[[Suhungmung]], the Ahom king, following an expansionist policy and annexed Panbari of Habung in 1512 AD, which was a part of the Chutia kingdom.<ref> Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji,p. 128, "Suhungmung attacked Panbari, the western region of Habung province, situated on the North bank of Luit(Brahmaputra) in the year 1512. Habung was a part of Chutia kingdom...This is the reason why the Chutia king Dhirnarayan launched a naval as well as land attack against the Ahoms in the year 1513 at Dikhoumukh."</ref> The Chutia king Dhirnarayan attacked the Ahoms at [[Dikhow River\|Dikhoumukh]] the next year, but was unsuccessful. The Chutias again attacked the Ahoms in 1520 and occupied the areas up to Namdang and Mungkhrang.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam01gaitgoog/page/n107/mode/1up Gait, Edward, "A History of Assam, p.84 The Chutias made no effort to regain their lost territory until 1520, when they attacked the Ahom fort at Mungkhrang. The Ahom commander was killed in a sortie and the garrison fled; and for a time the Chutias once more ruled this tract of country.]</ref>		[[Suhungmung]], the Ahom king, following an expansionist policy and annexed Panbari of Habung in 1512 AD, which was a part of the Chutia kingdom.<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji,p. 128, "Suhungmung attacked Panbari, the western region of Habung province, situated on the North bank of Luit(Brahmaputra) in the year 1512. Habung was a part of Chutia kingdom...This is the reason why the Chutia king Dhirnarayan launched a naval as well as land attack against the Ahoms in the year 1513 at Dikhoumukh."</ref> The Chutia king Dhirnarayan attacked the Ahoms at [[Dikhow River\|Dikhoumukh]] the next year, but was unsuccessful. The Chutias again attacked the Ahoms in 1520 and occupied the areas up to Namdang and Mungkhrang.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam01gaitgoog/page/n107/mode/1up Gait, Edward, "A History of Assam, p.84 The Chutias made no effort to regain their lost territory until 1520, when they attacked the Ahom fort at Mungkhrang. The Ahom commander was killed in a sortie and the garrison fled; and for a time the Chutias once more ruled this tract of country.]</ref>

	The last copperplate recording a grant made in the region was issued by king Dhirnarayan in 1522 A.D. at a place known as Konwargaon (present-day [[Dhakuakhana]]) after which the region was finally annexed by the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] in 1523 A.D.<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 41-42.</ref>		The last copperplate recording a grant made in the region was issued by king Dhirnarayan in 1522 A.D. at a place known as Konwargaon (present-day [[Dhakuakhana]]) after which the region was finally annexed by the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] in 1523 A.D.<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 41-42.</ref>

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	[[File:Habung Entrance.jpg\|thumb\|The entrance of the temple built in memory of Sukapha who visited Habung in search of agricultural land in the 13th century.]]		[[File:Habung Entrance.jpg\|thumb\|The entrance of the temple built in memory of Sukapha who visited Habung in search of agricultural land in the 13th century.]]

	'''Habung''' is a historical region in present-day [[Lakhimpur district]] of Assam, although some [[Ahom people\|Tai-ahom]] activists claim it to be a part of present-day [[Dhemaji district]].<ref>~~[https://books.google.co.in/books?redir_esc=y&id=WfSmsuO6QugC&q=Habung#v=snippet&q=Habung&f=false~~ Saikia~~, Yasmin, "Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-ahom in India,~~ p. 28, "Dhemaji is more political and therefore somewhat more volatile than Patsako. Tai-ahom activism was very visible there, so much so that the first capital city of the Ah swargadeos, Habung, was identified and claimed to be in Dhemaji."</ref> According to Wade(1800), the region where the Subansiri and the Brahmaputra rivers met was known as Habung.~~<ref>~~Wade~~, J.P, ''An Account of Assam: Rivers of Assam'',~~p.16~~.</ref>~~As per epigrahic records, Habung (Ha-vrnga-Vishaya) was a Visaya or province where Brahmins were settled by [[Ratna Pala]] of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)\|Pala dynasty]] of [[Kamarupa]] in the 10th century.<ref name="habung">"Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol\|Guha\|1983\|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol\|Guha\|1983\|p=33f}}</ref>		'''Habung''' is a historical region in present-day [[Lakhimpur district]] of Assam, although some [[Ahom people\|Tai-ahom]] activists claim it to be a part of present-day [[Dhemaji district]].<ref>{{harvcol\|Saikia\|2004\|p=28}}"Dhemaji is more political and therefore somewhat more volatile than Patsako. Tai-ahom activism was very visible there, so much so that the first capital city of the Ahom swargadeos, Habung, was identified and claimed to be in Dhemaji."</ref> According to Wade (1800), the region where the [[Subansiri River\|Subansiri]] river and the [[Brahmaputra River\|Brahmaputra]] rivers met was known as Habung.{{sfn\|Wade\|1800\|p=16}}As per epigrahic records, Habung (Ha-vrnga-Vishaya) was a Visaya or province where Brahmins were settled by [[Ratna Pala]] of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)\|Pala dynasty]] of [[Kamarupa]] in the 10th century.<ref name="habung">"Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol\|Guha\|1983\|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol\|Guha\|1983\|p=33f}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	===Early history===		===Early history===
	The earliest reference to Habung comes in the 10th century copper plate grant of Ratnapala of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)\|Pala dynasty]], when it was a province (visaya) of the [[Kamarupa Kingdom]] with [[Brahmin]] settlements.<ref>Habung was a Chutiya		The earliest reference to Habung comes in the 10th century copper plate grant of Ratnapala of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)\|Pala dynasty]], when it was a province (visaya) of the [[Kamarupa Kingdom]] with [[Brahmin]] settlements.<ref>Habung was a Chutiya
	dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala {{harvcol\|Guha\|1984\|p=73}}</ref><ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/67151/11/11_chapter%203.pdf ''The mention of Dibbaisa river forming southern boundary and Saica the south-western boundary led P.C. Choudhury to identify the Havranga visaya with Habung country lying to east of the river Suvansiri during the 10th-11th century A.D. Habung, comprising present Dhakuakhana region was for centuries a centre of Aryan culture'']</ref> It is known that [[Sukaphaa]], the Ahom king, spent a few years in Habung before finally settling down at Charaideo in 1253.{{sfn\|Phukan\|1992\|p=53}} An future Ahom king, [[Sudangphaa]], was born to an exiled queen in the home of a Brahman in Habung late 14th century.{{sfn\|Baruah\|1986\|p=225}}		dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala {{harvcol\|Guha\|1984\|p=73}}</ref><ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/67151/11/11_chapter%203.pdf ''The mention of Dibbaisa river forming southern boundary and Saica the south-western boundary led P.C. Choudhury to identify the Havranga visaya with Habung country lying to east of the river Suvansiri during the 10th-11th century A.D. Habung, comprising present Dhakuakhana region was for centuries a centre of Aryan culture'']</ref> It is known that [[Sukaphaa]], the Ahom king, spent a few years in Habung before finally settling down at Charaideo in 1253.{{sfn\|Phukan\|1992\|p=53}} An future Ahom king, [[Sudangphaa]], was born to an exiled queen in the home of a Brahman in Habung in the late 14th century.{{sfn\|Baruah\|1986\|p=225}}

	===Chutia dynasty period===		===Chutia dynasty period===
	The oldest copperplates of land grants(found till date) made in this region by Chutia kings date back to the year 1392 AD when king Satyanarayan donated ''600 puti'' of land to a Brahman named Narayan Dwij at Dhenukhana.<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 38-39."Two of these copperplates were issued by king Satyanarayan in 1314 saka(1392 AD)....This land was part of the Habung region where several Brahmin families had been settled.</ref> This was the time when the Ahom prince Sudangphaa was still living with his Brahmin foster family at Habung. The copper plate of Chutia king Dharmanarayan dated 1428 A.D. mentions ''Sri Vrihat-patra'' as ''Habung-aadhipati'' (lord of Habung). The plate records land grants of ''400 puti'' given to a Brahmin named ''Purandar Vipra'', indicating that Habung was a principality of the [[Chutia kingdom]].<ref>Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), ''Chutiya Jaatir Buranji'', Page 585</ref>		The oldest copperplates of land grants (found till date) made in this region are those by the Chutia kings, that date back to the year 1392 AD when king Satyanarayan donated ''600 puti'' of land to a Brahman named Narayan Dwij at Dhenukhana.<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 38-39."Two of these copperplates were issued by king Satyanarayan in 1314 saka(1392 AD)....This land was part of the Habung region where several Brahmin families had been settled.</ref> This was the time when the Ahom prince Sudangphaa was still living with his Brahmin foster family at Habung. The copper plate of Chutia king Dharmanarayan dated 1428 A.D. mentions ''Sri Vrihat-patra'' as ''Habung-aadhipati'' (lord of Habung). The plate records land grants of ''400 puti'' given to a Brahmin named ''Purandar Vipra'', indicating that Habung was a principality of the [[Chutia kingdom]].<ref>Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), ''Chutiya Jaatir Buranji'', Page 585</ref>

	Suhungmung, the Ahom king, following an expansionist policy and annexed Panbari of Habung in 1512 AD, which was a part of the Chutia kingdom.<ref> Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji,p. 128, "Suhungmung attacked Panbari, the western region of Habung province, situated on the North bank of Luit(Brahmaputra) in the year 1512. Habung was a part of Chutia kingdom...This is the reason why the Chutia king Dhirnarayan launched a naval as well as land attack against the Ahoms in the year 1513 at Dikhoumukh."</ref> The Chutia king Dhirnarayan attacked the Ahoms at Dikhoumukh the next year, but was unsuccessful. The Chutias again attacked the Ahoms in 1520 and occupied the areas up to Namdang and Mungkhrang.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam01gaitgoog/page/n107/mode/1up Gait, Edward, "A History of Assam, p.84 The Chutias made no effort to regain their lost territory until 1520, when they attacked the Ahom fort at Mungkhrang. The Ahom commander was killed in a sortie and the garrison fled; and for a time the Chutias once more ruled this tract of country.]</ref>		[[Suhungmung]], the Ahom king, following an expansionist policy and annexed Panbari of Habung in 1512 AD, which was a part of the Chutia kingdom.<ref> Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji,p. 128, "Suhungmung attacked Panbari, the western region of Habung province, situated on the North bank of Luit(Brahmaputra) in the year 1512. Habung was a part of Chutia kingdom...This is the reason why the Chutia king Dhirnarayan launched a naval as well as land attack against the Ahoms in the year 1513 at Dikhoumukh."</ref> The Chutia king Dhirnarayan attacked the Ahoms at [[Dikhow River\|Dikhoumukh]] the next year, but was unsuccessful. The Chutias again attacked the Ahoms in 1520 and occupied the areas up to Namdang and Mungkhrang.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam01gaitgoog/page/n107/mode/1up Gait, Edward, "A History of Assam, p.84 The Chutias made no effort to regain their lost territory until 1520, when they attacked the Ahom fort at Mungkhrang. The Ahom commander was killed in a sortie and the garrison fled; and for a time the Chutias once more ruled this tract of country.]</ref>

	The last copperplate recording a grant made in the region was issued by king Dhirnarayan in 1522 A.D. at a place known as Konwargaon(present-day Dhakuakhana) after which the region was finally annexed by the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] in 1523 A.D. <ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 41-42.</ref>		The last copperplate recording a grant made in the region was issued by king Dhirnarayan in 1522 A.D. at a place known as Konwargaon (present-day [[Dhakuakhana]]) after which the region was finally annexed by the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] in 1523 A.D.<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 41-42.</ref>

	==Popular culture==		==Popular culture==
Line 48:		Line 48:
	}}		}}
	*{{citation \|last=Gait \|first=Edward Albert\|date=1906 \|title=A history of Assam \|publisher=Calcutta, Thacker, Spink & co.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-6kr1IyHJkC }}		*{{citation \|last=Gait \|first=Edward Albert\|date=1906 \|title=A history of Assam \|publisher=Calcutta, Thacker, Spink & co.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-6kr1IyHJkC }}
			*{{cite book \|last1=Wade \|first1=John Peter \|title=An Account Of Assam \|date=1800 \|publisher= \|lang=en}}
	{{refend}}		{{refend}}

imported>KPAhmed: No evidence of fortification. It's better to call it as a historical place of assam.

2021-08-14T06:36:13Z

No evidence of fortification. It's better to call it as a historical place of assam.

New page

{{short description|Historical Place of Assam}}
{{pp-sock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
[[File:Habung Entrance.jpg|thumb|The entrance of the temple built in memory of Sukapha who visited Habung in search of agricultural land in the 13th century.]]

'''Habung''' is a historical region in present-day [[Lakhimpur district]] of Assam, although some [[Ahom people|Tai-ahom]] activists claim it to be a part of present-day [[Dhemaji district]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?redir_esc=y&id=WfSmsuO6QugC&q=Habung#v=snippet&q=Habung&f=false Saikia, Yasmin, "Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-ahom in India, p. 28, "Dhemaji is more political and therefore somewhat more volatile than Patsako. Tai-ahom activism was very visible there, so much so that the first capital city of the Ah swargadeos, Habung, was identified and claimed to be in Dhemaji."</ref> According to Wade(1800), the region where the Subansiri and the Brahmaputra rivers met was known as Habung.<ref>Wade, J.P, ''An Account of Assam: Rivers of Assam'',p.16.</ref>As per epigrahic records, Habung (Ha-vrnga-Vishaya) was a Visaya or province where Brahmins were settled by [[Ratna Pala]] of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)|Pala dynasty]] of [[Kamarupa]] in the 10th century.<ref name="habung">"Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=33f}}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
The earliest reference to Habung comes in the 10th century copper plate grant of Ratnapala of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)|Pala dynasty]], when it was a province (visaya) of the [[Kamarupa Kingdom]] with [[Brahmin]] settlements.<ref>Habung was a Chutiya
dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala {{harvcol|Guha|1984|p=73}}</ref><ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/67151/11/11_chapter%203.pdf ''The mention of Dibbaisa river forming southern boundary and Saica the south-western boundary led P.C. Choudhury to identify the Havranga visaya with Habung country lying to east of the river Suvansiri during the 10th-11th century A.D. Habung, comprising present Dhakuakhana region was for centuries a centre of Aryan culture'']</ref> It is known that [[Sukaphaa]], the Ahom king, spent a few years in Habung before finally settling down at Charaideo in 1253.{{sfn|Phukan|1992|p=53}} An future Ahom king, [[Sudangphaa]], was born to an exiled queen in the home of a Brahman in Habung late 14th century.{{sfn|Baruah|1986|p=225}}

===Chutia dynasty period===
The oldest copperplates of land grants(found till date) made in this region by Chutia kings date back to the year 1392 AD when king Satyanarayan donated ''600 puti'' of land to a Brahman named Narayan Dwij at Dhenukhana.<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 38-39."Two of these copperplates were issued by king Satyanarayan in 1314 saka(1392 AD)....This land was part of the Habung region where several Brahmin families had been settled.</ref> This was the time when the Ahom prince Sudangphaa was still living with his Brahmin foster family at Habung. The copper plate of Chutia king Dharmanarayan dated 1428 A.D. mentions ''Sri Vrihat-patra'' as ''Habung-aadhipati'' (lord of Habung). The plate records land grants of ''400 puti'' given to a Brahmin named ''Purandar Vipra'', indicating that Habung was a principality of the [[Chutia kingdom]].<ref>Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), ''Chutiya Jaatir Buranji'', Page 585</ref>

Suhungmung, the Ahom king, following an expansionist policy and annexed Panbari of Habung in 1512 AD, which was a part of the Chutia kingdom.<ref> Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji,p. 128, "Suhungmung attacked Panbari, the western region of Habung province, situated on the North bank of Luit(Brahmaputra) in the year 1512. Habung was a part of Chutia kingdom...This is the reason why the Chutia king Dhirnarayan launched a naval as well as land attack against the Ahoms in the year 1513 at Dikhoumukh."</ref> The Chutia king Dhirnarayan attacked the Ahoms at Dikhoumukh the next year, but was unsuccessful. The Chutias again attacked the Ahoms in 1520 and occupied the areas up to Namdang and Mungkhrang.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam01gaitgoog/page/n107/mode/1up Gait, Edward, "A History of Assam, p.84 The Chutias made no effort to regain their lost territory until 1520, when they attacked the Ahom fort at Mungkhrang. The Ahom commander was killed in a sortie and the garrison fled; and for a time the Chutias once more ruled this tract of country.]</ref>

The last copperplate recording a grant made in the region was issued by king Dhirnarayan in 1522 A.D. at a place known as Konwargaon(present-day Dhakuakhana) after which the region was finally annexed by the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] in 1523 A.D. <ref>Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia Jatir Buranji, p. 41-42.</ref>

==Popular culture==

The Habung region finds mention in several folk songs and tales. For instance, there is a ''Nisukoni geet''(a form of [[lullaby]]) where the author talks about an old man(''Habungia Burha'') and a carpenter(''Habungia Barhoi'') from Habung.

{{Quote|text="Haliki ei baper koloi gol, Habungia burhar logot kah kubai gol. ..... Habungia Barhoiye Charanao haje Kurular keruhen uru uru kore, Uribo nuwarihe sagarote pore." }}

==Notes==
{{reflist|25em}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last1=Saikia |first1=Yasmin |title=Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India |date=2004 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=9780822333739 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p9PkFF3uq_8C |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Barua |first1=Raj Sahib Golap Chandra |title=Ahom Buranji |date=1930 |publisher=Spectrum Publications , 1985 |pages=45–47 |edition=Reprinted}}
*{{cite book |last1=Acharyya |first1=N.N |title=A Brief History of Assam |date=1987 |publisher=Omsons Publications |pages=71–73}}
*{{cite book |last1=Gogoi |first1=Padmeswar |title=The Tai and the Tai kingdoms: with a fuller treatment of the Tai-Ahom kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley |date=1968 |publisher=Dept. Of publication , Gauhati University |pages=259–265 |edition=First |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rIduAAAAMAAJ }}
*{{citation
|last=Guha
|first=Amalendu
|year=1983
|title=The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)
|journal=Social Scientist
|volume=11
|issue=12
|pages=3–34
|doi=10.2307/3516963
|jstor=3516963
|url=https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/123456789/3259/1/OP_64_The_ahom_political_system.pdf
}}
*{{citation |last=Gait |first=Edward Albert|date=1906 |title=A history of Assam |publisher=Calcutta, Thacker, Spink & co.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-6kr1IyHJkC }}
{{refend}}

[[Category:History of Assam]]
[[Category:Dhemaji]]
[[Category:Ahom kingdom]]