HMS Andromeda (F57) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 10 October 2022
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	{{Other ships\|HMS Andromeda}}		{{Other ships\|HMS Andromeda}}

	{{EngvarB\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{EngvarB\|date=September 2013}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2013}}
	{{more citations needed\|date=May ~~2022~~}}		{{more citations needed\|date=May 2008}}
	{\|{{Infobox ship begin}}		{\|{{Infobox ship begin}}
	{{Infobox ship image		{{Infobox ship image
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	\|Ship honours=		\|Ship honours=
	\|Ship captured=		\|Ship captured=
	\|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]]: F46 <ref>{{cite web\|last=Bantwall\|first=Rons\|url=http://www.kemmannu.com/index.php?action=highlights&type=3256\|title=INS Krishna, one of Indian Navy’s 1st Training Squadron Ships, decommissioned\|publisher=Kemmannu.com\|date=25 May 2012\|access-date=30 April ~~2022~~}}</ref>		\|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]]: F46 <ref>{{cite web\|last=Bantwall\|first=Rons\|url=http://www.kemmannu.com/index.php?action=highlights&type=3256\|title=INS Krishna, one of Indian Navy’s 1st Training Squadron Ships, decommissioned\|publisher=Kemmannu.com\|date=25 May 2012\|access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>
	\|Ship fate=Sunk as a target, 2012		\|Ship fate=Sunk as a target, 2012
	\|Ship notes=		\|Ship notes=
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	===Beira Patrol===		===Beira Patrol===
	In 1969, ''Andromeda'' was deployed to the Persian Gulf and Far East as leader of the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla, taking part in the [[Beira Patrol]], a deployment that was used to prevent oil reaching [[Rhodesia]] via [[Mozambique]]. On 1 June 1970, the [[Royal Fleet Auxiliary]] tanker {{ship\|RFA\|Ennerdale\|A213\|6}}, on her way to refuel ''Andromeda'', struck an uncharted pinnacle of rock off the [[Seychelles]], and sank. ''Andromeda'' was the first ship on the scene of the accident, and helped to rescue the crew of ''Ennerdale'', the wreck of which was later destroyed by explosives.<ref name="Leander p46">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 46.</ref><ref name="critchv5 p127">Critchley 1992, p. 127.</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.historicalrfa.org/index.php/rfa-ennerdale-ship-information\|title=RFA ''Ennerdale''\|publisher=Historical RFA\|access-date=28 May ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="obit">{{cite web\|title=Obituaries: Captain David Smith\|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph\|The Telegraph]]\|date=31 March 2013\|access-date=1 May 2015 \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/9964078/Captain-David-Smith.html}}</ref> Later that year, ''Andromeda'' returned to European waters.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> On 23 October 1970, the Liberian-flagged tanker {{MV\|Pacific Glory\|\|2}} collided with the tanker {{MV\|Allegro\|\|2}} off the [[Isle of Wight]] and caught fire with 13 killed aboard ''Pacific Glory''. The blazing ''Pacific Glory'' ran aground on 24 October, and ''Andromeda'' took part in the large scale clean up operation.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref name="obit"/><ref>{{cite web\|title=The Pacific Glory\|work=Isle of Wight History & Nostalgia\|url=http://wightheritage.co.uk/the-pacific-glory/\|access-date=1 May ~~2022~~}}</ref> On 9 October 1970, ''Andromeda'' and her helicopter went to the aid of the tug RMAS ''Samsonia'' which had suffered a mechanical breakdown when towing the landing ship {{HMS\|Stalker\|L3515\|2}} in bad weather through the [[Pentland Firth]].<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref>{{cite web\|last=Mason\|first=Geoffrey B. \|title=Chronology, Part 3 - 1961–70\|work=Royal Navy post-World War 2 \|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Ops-Events1961-70.htm \|publisher=Naval-history.net\|date=10 July 2011 \|access-date= 2 May ~~2022~~}}</ref> In 1971 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days.<ref>Programme, ''Navy Days Portsmouth, 29–31 August 1971'', p13.</ref> In August 1971 she joined the 6th Frigate Squadron as leader.<ref name="RN sen">{{cite web\|last=Mackie\|first=Colin \|title=Royal Navy Senior Appointments, 1865– \|work=Colin Mackie's website: British Armed Forces (1860-)\| url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Senior%20Royal%20Navy%20Appointments%201865-.pdf\|access-date=1 May ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In 1969, ''Andromeda'' was deployed to the Persian Gulf and Far East as leader of the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla, taking part in the [[Beira Patrol]], a deployment that was used to prevent oil reaching [[Rhodesia]] via [[Mozambique]]. On 1 June 1970, the [[Royal Fleet Auxiliary]] tanker {{ship\|RFA\|Ennerdale\|A213\|6}}, on her way to refuel ''Andromeda'', struck an uncharted pinnacle of rock off the [[Seychelles]], and sank. ''Andromeda'' was the first ship on the scene of the accident, and helped to rescue the crew of ''Ennerdale'', the wreck of which was later destroyed by explosives.<ref name="Leander p46">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 46.</ref><ref name="critchv5 p127">Critchley 1992, p. 127.</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.historicalrfa.org/index.php/rfa-ennerdale-ship-information\|title=RFA ''Ennerdale''\|publisher=Historical RFA\|access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="obit">{{cite web\|title=Obituaries: Captain David Smith\|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph\|The Telegraph]]\|date=31 March 2013\|access-date=1 May 2015 \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/9964078/Captain-David-Smith.html}}</ref> Later that year, ''Andromeda'' returned to European waters.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> On 23 October 1970, the Liberian-flagged tanker {{MV\|Pacific Glory\|\|2}} collided with the tanker {{MV\|Allegro\|\|2}} off the [[Isle of Wight]] and caught fire with 13 killed aboard ''Pacific Glory''. The blazing ''Pacific Glory'' ran aground on 24 October, and ''Andromeda'' took part in the large scale clean up operation.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref name="obit"/><ref>{{cite web\|title=The Pacific Glory\|work=Isle of Wight History & Nostalgia\|url=http://wightheritage.co.uk/the-pacific-glory/\|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> On 9 October 1970, ''Andromeda'' and her helicopter went to the aid of the tug RMAS ''Samsonia'' which had suffered a mechanical breakdown when towing the landing ship {{HMS\|Stalker\|L3515\|2}} in bad weather through the [[Pentland Firth]].<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref>{{cite web\|last=Mason\|first=Geoffrey B. \|title=Chronology, Part 3 - 1961–70\|work=Royal Navy post-World War 2 \|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Ops-Events1961-70.htm \|publisher=Naval-history.net\|date=10 July 2011 \|access-date= 2 May 2016}}</ref> In 1971 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days.<ref>Programme, ''Navy Days Portsmouth, 29–31 August 1971'', p13.</ref> In August 1971 she joined the 6th Frigate Squadron as leader.<ref name="RN sen">{{cite web\|last=Mackie\|first=Colin \|title=Royal Navy Senior Appointments, 1865– \|work=Colin Mackie's website: British Armed Forces (1860-)\| url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Senior%20Royal%20Navy%20Appointments%201865-.pdf\|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

	===Cod Wars===		===Cod Wars===
	{{Main\|Cod Wars}}		{{Main\|Cod Wars}}
	In 1973, ''Andromeda'' took part in the Second Cod War, patrolling to intervene in case of interference on British fishing by Icelandic vessels. On 11 August 1973, ''Andromeda'' was rammed by the Icelandic gunboat {{Ship\|ICGV\|Óðinn\|\|2}}.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> The following year, ''Andromeda'' had to evacuate British civilians from the Mediterranean island of [[Cyprus]] after [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus\|Turkey had invaded it]].<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> In 1975, during the [[Cod Wars\|Third Cod War]], the Icelandic gunboat {{Ship\|ICGV\|Týr\|\|2}} rammed ''Andromeda'' on 28 December, damaging her guardrail and a [[Corvus chaff launchers\|chaff launcher]]. On 7 January 1976, ''Andromeda'' was involved in another ramming, this time with the gunboat ''Þór''. Both warships were damaged, with ''Andromeda'' receiving a {{convert\|12\|ft\|m}} dent as a result of this collision, and had to return to [[HMNB Devonport\|Devonport]] for repairs.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref name="Leander p47">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 47.</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=On This Day 1950–2005: 7 January: 1976: Iceland and Britain clash at sea\|publisher=BBC\|year=2008 \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/7/newsid_2506000/2506347.stm \|access-date=1 May ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In 1973, ''Andromeda'' took part in the Second Cod War, patrolling to intervene in case of interference on British fishing by Icelandic vessels. On 11 August 1973, ''Andromeda'' was rammed by the Icelandic gunboat {{Ship\|ICGV\|Óðinn\|\|2}}.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> The following year, ''Andromeda'' had to evacuate British civilians from the Mediterranean island of [[Cyprus]] after [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus\|Turkey had invaded it]].<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> In 1975, during the [[Cod Wars\|Third Cod War]], the Icelandic gunboat {{Ship\|ICGV\|Týr\|\|2}} rammed ''Andromeda'' on 28 December, damaging her guardrail and a [[Corvus chaff launchers\|chaff launcher]]. On 7 January 1976, ''Andromeda'' was involved in another ramming, this time with the gunboat ''Þór''. Both warships were damaged, with ''Andromeda'' receiving a {{convert\|12\|ft\|m}} dent as a result of this collision, and had to return to [[HMNB Devonport\|Devonport]] for repairs.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref name="Leander p47">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 47.</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=On This Day 1950–2005: 7 January: 1976: Iceland and Britain clash at sea\|publisher=BBC\|year=2008 \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/7/newsid_2506000/2506347.stm \|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

	===Falklands War===		===Falklands War===
	[[File:SS Canberra & HMS Andromeda Falklands 1982.jpg\|thumb\|right\|''Andromeda'' alongside {{SS\|Canberra}} at the end of the [[Falklands War\|Falklands War]]]]		[[File:SS Canberra & HMS Andromeda Falklands 1982.jpg\|thumb\|right\|''Andromeda'' alongside {{SS\|Canberra}} at the end of the [[Falklands War\|Falklands War]]]]
	In 1977, ''Andromeda'' took part in the Fleet Review of the Royal Navy, during the [[Silver Jubilee]] celebrations for [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom\|Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Silver Jubilee Fleet Review: Official Souvenir Programme\|year=1977\|url=http://www.axfordsabode.org.uk/pdf-docs/slvrjuble1.pdf\|page=3\|access-date=1 May ~~2022~~}}</ref> Between November 1977 and December 1980, ''Andromeda'' underwent modernisation, including the addition of Exocet and Sea Wolf missiles at Devonport dockyard.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> ''Andromeda'' took part in the [[Falklands War]] in 1982, returning to the United Kingdom from a deployment in the Western Atlantic in April 1982, before sailing for the South Atlantic as part of the '[[Bristol Group]]', entering the [[Total Exclusion Zone]] on 25 May. She mainly acted as a close-escort for the aircraft carrier {{HMS\|Invincible\|R05\|2}}, receiving no damage during the war. After visiting [[South Georgia Island\|South Georgia]] in August, she sailed for home, reaching Devonport on 10 September.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref name="Mar p90">Marriott 1983, p. 90.</ref><ref name="burd p428">Burden ''et al''. 1986, p. 428.</ref>		In 1977, ''Andromeda'' took part in the Fleet Review of the Royal Navy, during the [[Silver Jubilee]] celebrations for [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom\|Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Silver Jubilee Fleet Review: Official Souvenir Programme\|year=1977\|url=http://www.axfordsabode.org.uk/pdf-docs/slvrjuble1.pdf\|page=3\|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> Between November 1977 and December 1980, ''Andromeda'' underwent modernisation, including the addition of Exocet and Sea Wolf missiles at Devonport dockyard.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> ''Andromeda'' took part in the [[Falklands War]] in 1982, returning to the United Kingdom from a deployment in the Western Atlantic in April 1982, before sailing for the South Atlantic as part of the '[[Bristol Group]]', entering the [[Total Exclusion Zone]] on 25 May. She mainly acted as a close-escort for the aircraft carrier {{HMS\|Invincible\|R05\|2}}, receiving no damage during the war. After visiting [[South Georgia Island\|South Georgia]] in August, she sailed for home, reaching Devonport on 10 September.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref name="Mar p90">Marriott 1983, p. 90.</ref><ref name="burd p428">Burden ''et al''. 1986, p. 428.</ref>

	===Varied duties===		===Varied duties===
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	==Fate==		==Fate==
	''Krishna'' was decommissioned on 24 May 2012 at Mumbai, 44 years to the day after her launch.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.kemmannu.com/index.php?action=highlights&type=3256\|title= INS Krishna, one of Indian Navy’s 1st Training Squadron Ships, decommissioned\|publisher=kemmannu.com\|access-date=28 May ~~2022~~}}</ref> The ship was sunk in the Bay of Bengal for target practice by Indian Navy ships.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/INS-Krishna-to-make-its-last-voyage/article13368592.ece\| title = INS Krishna to make its last voyage\| publisher = The Hindu Times\| access-date = 5 November ~~2022~~}}</ref>		''Krishna'' was decommissioned on 24 May 2012 at Mumbai, 44 years to the day after her launch.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.kemmannu.com/index.php?action=highlights&type=3256\|title= INS Krishna, one of Indian Navy’s 1st Training Squadron Ships, decommissioned\|publisher=kemmannu.com\|access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> The ship was sunk in the Bay of Bengal for target practice by Indian Navy ships.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/INS-Krishna-to-make-its-last-voyage/article13368592.ece\| title = INS Krishna to make its last voyage\| publisher = The Hindu Times\| access-date = 5 November 2020}}</ref>

	==Commanding officers==		==Commanding officers==
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	\|1987\|\|1988\|\|\|Captain Neil E Rankin		\|1987\|\|1988\|\|\|Captain Neil E Rankin
	\|-		\|-
	\|1988\|\|1989\|\|\|Commander [[Charles Style]] RN{{citation needed\|date=November ~~2022~~}}		\|1988\|\|1989\|\|\|Commander [[Charles Style]] RN{{citation needed\|date=November 2016}}
	\|}		\|}

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	* {{cite book\|editor-last=Blackman \|editor-first=Raymond V. B. \|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1971–72\|year=1971 \|publisher=Sampson Low Marston & Co., Ltd\|location=London \|isbn=0-354-00096-9}}		* {{cite book\|editor-last=Blackman \|editor-first=Raymond V. B. \|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1971–72\|year=1971 \|publisher=Sampson Low Marston & Co., Ltd\|location=London \|isbn=0-354-00096-9}}
	* {{cite book\|last1=Burden\|first1=Rodney A.\|last2=Draper \|first2=Michael I. \|last3=Rough \|first3=Douglas A. \|last4=Smith \|first4=Colin R. \|last5=Wilton \|first5=David \|title=Falklands: The Air War\| year=1986 \|publisher=British Aviation Research Group \|isbn=0-906339-05-7}}		* {{cite book\|last1=Burden\|first1=Rodney A.\|last2=Draper \|first2=Michael I. \|last3=Rough \|first3=Douglas A. \|last4=Smith \|first4=Colin R. \|last5=Wilton \|first5=David \|title=Falklands: The Air War\| year=1986 \|publisher=British Aviation Research Group \|isbn=0-906339-05-7}}
	* {{Cite ~~Colledge2022~~}}		* {{Cite Colledge2006}}
	* {{cite book\|last=Critchley \|first=Mike \|title=British Warships Since 1945: Part 5: Frigates\|year=1992\| publisher=Maritime Press\|location=Liskeard, UK\|isbn=0-907771-13-0}}		* {{cite book\|last=Critchley \|first=Mike \|title=British Warships Since 1945: Part 5: Frigates\|year=1992\| publisher=Maritime Press\|location=Liskeard, UK\|isbn=0-907771-13-0}}
	* {{cite book\|last=Friedman\|first=Norman\|title=British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After\|year=2008\|publisher=Seaforth Publishing\|location=Barnsley, UK\|isbn=978-1-84832-015-4}}		* {{cite book\|last=Friedman\|first=Norman\|title=British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After\|year=2008\|publisher=Seaforth Publishing\|location=Barnsley, UK\|isbn=978-1-84832-015-4}}

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>Tom.Reding: Fix 1 auth/ed/transl punctuation; WP:GenFixes on

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{{Other ships|HMS Andromeda}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2008}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMS Andromeda, 1970 (IWM).jpg
|Ship caption=Leander-class frigate HMS Andromeda (F57) in choppy seas, 1967 (IWM HU 129720)
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|UK|naval}}
|Ship name=HMS ''Andromeda''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[HMNB Portsmouth]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship laid down=25 May 1966
|Ship launched=24 May 1967
|Ship sponsor=Mrs G Reynolds
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=2 December 1968
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned= June 1993
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship registry=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname="Heinz Variety"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hms-andromeda.co.uk/#prof |title=HMS Andromeda Association |access-date=6 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143130/http://www.hms-andromeda.co.uk/#prof |archive-date=27 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|Ship honours=
|Ship captured=
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]]: 57
|Ship fate=Sold to India, 1995
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=India
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
|Ship name=INS ''Krishna''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=22 August 1995
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=24 May 2012
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship registry=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship captured=
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]]: F46 <ref>{{cite web|last=Bantwall|first=Rons|url=http://www.kemmannu.com/index.php?action=highlights&type=3256|title=INS Krishna, one of Indian Navy’s 1st Training Squadron Ships, decommissioned|publisher=Kemmannu.com|date=25 May 2012|access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>
|Ship fate=Sunk as a target, 2012
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Ship class={{sclass|Leander|frigate}}
|Ship displacement={{convert|3200|LT|t|0|lk=in|abbr=on}} full load
|Ship length= {{convert|113.4|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam= {{convert|12.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught= {{convert|5.8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship depth=
|Ship decks=
|Ship propulsion=2 × [[Babcock & Wilcox]] boilers supplying steam to two sets of White-[[English Electric]] double-reduction geared turbines to two shafts
|Ship speed={{convert|28|kn|km/h}}
|Ship range={{convert|4600|nmi|km}} at {{convert|15|kn|km/h}}
|Ship endurance=
|Ship complement=223
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*'''As built:'''
* 1 × twin [[QF 4.5 inch naval gun|4.5 inch (114 mm) guns]]
* 1 × quadruple [[Sea Cat missile|Sea Cat]] anti-aircraft missile launchers
* 1 × [[Limbo (weapon)|Limbo anti-submarine mortar]]
* '''From 1980:'''
* 4 × [[Exocet]] anti-ship missile launchers
* 1 × GWS 25 Sea Wolf anti-aircraft missile launcher
* 2 × single [[Bofors 40 mm gun#Naval versions|40 mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns]]
* 2 × triple torpedo tubes
|Ship armour=
|Ship aircraft=*1 × [[Westland Wasp]] helicopter
* '''From 1980:'''
* 1 × [[Westland Lynx|Lynx]] helicopter
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''HMS ''Andromeda''''' was a {{sclass|Leander|frigate}} of the [[Royal Navy]]. She was built at [[HMNB Portsmouth|HM Dockyard Portsmouth]]. She was launched on 24 May 1967 and commissioned into the Royal Navy on 2 December 1968. She took part in the [[Falklands War]] and was sold to India in 1995, for use as a training ship, being renamed '''INS ''Krishna'''''. She was finally decommissioned in May 2012.

==Construction==
''Andromeda'' was one of three ''Leander''-class frigates ordered on 12 January 1965, the other two being {{HMS|Hermione|F58|2}} and {{HMS|Jupiter|F60|2}}.<ref name="Leander p37">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 37.</ref> She was [[keel laying|laid down]] at [[HMNB Portsmouth]] on 25 May 1966,<ref name="jfs71 p350">Blackman 1971, p. 350.</ref><ref name="Fried p338">Friedman 2009, p. 338.</ref><ref name="Mar p94">Marriott 1983, p. 94.</ref> [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 24 May 1967 and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 2 December 1968 with the [[Pennant number]] ''F57''.<ref name="Leander p109">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 109.</ref>

[[File:HMS Andromeda, 1967 (2) (IWM).jpg|thumb|left|HMS ''Andromeda'' being launched at Portsmouth Royal Dockyard, May 1967.]]
''Andromeda'' was a Batch 3, "Broad-Beamed" ''Leander'', and as such was {{convert|372|ft|m|1}} long [[Overall length|overall]] and {{convert|360|ft|m|1}} [[Waterline length|at the waterline]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|43|ft|m|1}} and a maximum [[Draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|19|ft|m|1}}. [[Displacement (ship)|Displacement]] was {{convert|2500|LT|t}} standard and {{convert|2962|LT|t}} full load. Two oil-fired boilers fed steam at {{convert|550|psi}} and {{convert|850|F|C}} to a pair of double reduction geared [[steam turbine]]s that in turn drove two propeller shafts, with the machinery rated at {{convert|30000|shp|kW}}, giving a speed of {{convert|28|kn}}.<ref name="Leander p111">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 111.</ref>

A twin [[QF 4.5-inch Mk I – V naval gun#Variants|4.5-inch (113 mm) Mark 6]] gun mount was fitted forward. A single [[Sea Cat]] [[surface-to-air missile]] launcher was fitted aft (on the Helicopter hangar roof), while two [[Oerlikon 20mm cannon]] provided close-in defence. A [[Limbo (weapon)|Limbo]] anti-submarine mortar was fitted aft to provide a short-range anti-submarine capability, while a hangar and helicopter deck allowed a single [[Westland Wasp]] helicopter to be operated, for longer range anti-submarine and anti-surface operations.<ref name="Leander p33-4,6, 111">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, pp. 33–34, 36, 111.</ref><ref name="Mar p79">Marriott 1983, p. 79.</ref>

As built, ''Andromeda'' was fitted with a large Type 965 long range air search [[radar]] on the ship's mainmast, with a Type 993 short range air/surface target indicating radar and Type 978 navigation radar carried on the ship's foremast. An MRS3 fire control system was carried to direct the 4.5-inch guns.<ref name="Leander p33,35,4">Osborne and Sowden 1990, pp. 33, 35, 44.</ref> The ship had a [[sonar]] suite of Type 184 medium range search sonar, Type 162 bottom search and Type 170 attack sonar, together with a Type 199 [[variable depth sonar]] (VDS).<ref name="Leander p33-4, 44">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, pp. 33–34, 44.</ref><ref name="Fried p253">Friedman 2009, p. 253.</ref>{{#tag:ref|The VDS was later removed and its well plated over.<ref name="Leander p43">Osborne and Sowden 1990, p. 43.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}}

Between 1977 and 1980, ''Andromeda'' underwent a major reconstruction, in which the ship's armament and sensors were greatly revised. The 4.5 inch gun turret, Sea Cat launcher and Limbo anti submarine mortar were removed, with a sextuple [[Sea Wolf (missile)|Sea Wolf]] surface-to-air missile launcher and four [[Exocet]] missiles fitted forward. Two triple STWS-1 {{convert|324|mm|in|adj=on}} torpedo tubes allowed anti-submarine torpedoes to be launched, while the ship's hangar and flight deck was enlarged to allow a [[Westland Lynx]] helicopter to be carried instead of the smaller Wasp. A completely new radar outfit was fitted, with a Type 967 air-search radar and a Type 968 low-level air warning and surface search radar fitted back to back on the ship's foremast, and with a Type 1006 navigation radar fitted lower down on the ship's foremast. A Type 2016 long-range search sonar replaced the Type 184 sonar, while the Type 162 bottom search sonar was retained.<ref name="Leander p79-0,111">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, pp. 79–80, 111.</ref><ref name="Mar p84,6,8">Marriott 1983, pp. 84, 86, 88.</ref> Displacement increased to {{convert|2790|LT|t}} standard and {{convert|3300|LT|t}} full load,<ref name="Leander p111"/> while speed dropped to {{convert|25|kn}}.<ref name="cf90 p714">Prézelin and Baker 1990, p. 714.</ref>

==Royal Navy Service==

===Beira Patrol===
In 1969, ''Andromeda'' was deployed to the Persian Gulf and Far East as leader of the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla, taking part in the [[Beira Patrol]], a deployment that was used to prevent oil reaching [[Rhodesia]] via [[Mozambique]]. On 1 June 1970, the [[Royal Fleet Auxiliary]] tanker {{ship|RFA|Ennerdale|A213|6}}, on her way to refuel ''Andromeda'', struck an uncharted pinnacle of rock off the [[Seychelles]], and sank. ''Andromeda'' was the first ship on the scene of the accident, and helped to rescue the crew of ''Ennerdale'', the wreck of which was later destroyed by explosives.<ref name="Leander p46">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 46.</ref><ref name="critchv5 p127">Critchley 1992, p. 127.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historicalrfa.org/index.php/rfa-ennerdale-ship-information|title=RFA ''Ennerdale''|publisher=Historical RFA|access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="obit">{{cite web|title=Obituaries: Captain David Smith|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=31 March 2013|access-date=1 May 2015 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/9964078/Captain-David-Smith.html}}</ref> Later that year, ''Andromeda'' returned to European waters.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> On 23 October 1970, the Liberian-flagged tanker {{MV|Pacific Glory||2}} collided with the tanker {{MV|Allegro||2}} off the [[Isle of Wight]] and caught fire with 13 killed aboard ''Pacific Glory''. The blazing ''Pacific Glory'' ran aground on 24 October, and ''Andromeda'' took part in the large scale clean up operation.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref name="obit"/><ref>{{cite web|title=The Pacific Glory|work=Isle of Wight History & Nostalgia|url=http://wightheritage.co.uk/the-pacific-glory/|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> On 9 October 1970, ''Andromeda'' and her helicopter went to the aid of the tug RMAS ''Samsonia'' which had suffered a mechanical breakdown when towing the landing ship {{HMS|Stalker|L3515|2}} in bad weather through the [[Pentland Firth]].<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Mason|first=Geoffrey B. |title=Chronology, Part 3 - 1961–70|work=Royal Navy post-World War 2 |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Ops-Events1961-70.htm |publisher=Naval-history.net|date=10 July 2011 |access-date= 2 May 2016}}</ref> In 1971 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days.<ref>Programme, ''Navy Days Portsmouth, 29–31 August 1971'', p13.</ref> In August 1971 she joined the 6th Frigate Squadron as leader.<ref name="RN sen">{{cite web|last=Mackie|first=Colin |title=Royal Navy Senior Appointments, 1865– |work=Colin Mackie's website: British Armed Forces (1860-)| url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Senior%20Royal%20Navy%20Appointments%201865-.pdf|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

===Cod Wars===
{{Main|Cod Wars}}
In 1973, ''Andromeda'' took part in the Second Cod War, patrolling to intervene in case of interference on British fishing by Icelandic vessels. On 11 August 1973, ''Andromeda'' was rammed by the Icelandic gunboat {{Ship|ICGV|Óðinn||2}}.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> The following year, ''Andromeda'' had to evacuate British civilians from the Mediterranean island of [[Cyprus]] after [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|Turkey had invaded it]].<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> In 1975, during the [[Cod Wars|Third Cod War]], the Icelandic gunboat {{Ship|ICGV|Týr||2}} rammed ''Andromeda'' on 28 December, damaging her guardrail and a [[Corvus chaff launchers|chaff launcher]]. On 7 January 1976, ''Andromeda'' was involved in another ramming, this time with the gunboat ''Þór''. Both warships were damaged, with ''Andromeda'' receiving a {{convert|12|ft|m}} dent as a result of this collision, and had to return to [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]] for repairs.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref name="Leander p47">Osborne and Sowdon 1990, p. 47.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=On This Day 1950–2005: 7 January: 1976: Iceland and Britain clash at sea|publisher=BBC|year=2008 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/7/newsid_2506000/2506347.stm |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

===Falklands War===
[[File:SS Canberra & HMS Andromeda Falklands 1982.jpg|thumb|right|''Andromeda'' alongside {{SS|Canberra}} at the end of the [[Falklands War|Falklands War]]]]
In 1977, ''Andromeda'' took part in the Fleet Review of the Royal Navy, during the [[Silver Jubilee]] celebrations for [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Silver Jubilee Fleet Review: Official Souvenir Programme|year=1977|url=http://www.axfordsabode.org.uk/pdf-docs/slvrjuble1.pdf|page=3|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> Between November 1977 and December 1980, ''Andromeda'' underwent modernisation, including the addition of Exocet and Sea Wolf missiles at Devonport dockyard.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/> ''Andromeda'' took part in the [[Falklands War]] in 1982, returning to the United Kingdom from a deployment in the Western Atlantic in April 1982, before sailing for the South Atlantic as part of the '[[Bristol Group]]', entering the [[Total Exclusion Zone]] on 25 May. She mainly acted as a close-escort for the aircraft carrier {{HMS|Invincible|R05|2}}, receiving no damage during the war. After visiting [[South Georgia Island|South Georgia]] in August, she sailed for home, reaching Devonport on 10 September.<ref name="critchv5 p127"/><ref name="Mar p90">Marriott 1983, p. 90.</ref><ref name="burd p428">Burden ''et al''. 1986, p. 428.</ref>

===Varied duties===
In the subsequent years of the 1980s, ''Andromeda'' performed a number of varied duties, patrolling the [[Persian Gulf]] on [[Armilla Patrol]], and deployments to the Falklands and [[West Indies]]. In late summer of 1984, ''Andromeda'' docked at [[Baltimore]] Harbor in the US for 10 days, on her way from the Falklands back home to England.
Armilla deployment 1983. Ports visited included Djibouti, Cochin, Singapore, Mombasa, Mauritius, Reunion and the Maldives
Falklands 1984
Armilla deployment 1985. Ports visited included Muscat, Abu Dhabi, Mombasa and Gibraltar.

==Sale==
Between 1990–91, ''Andromeda'' underwent a refit. She was decommissioned two-years later. ''Andromeda'' was sold to the [[Indian Navy]] in 1995, where she was commissioned as the training ship, INS ''Krishna''. Her armament had been reduced to two [[Bofors 40 mm gun]]s and two [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]]s.

==Fate==
''Krishna'' was decommissioned on 24 May 2012 at Mumbai, 44 years to the day after her launch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kemmannu.com/index.php?action=highlights&type=3256|title= INS Krishna, one of Indian Navy’s 1st Training Squadron Ships, decommissioned|publisher=kemmannu.com|access-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> The ship was sunk in the Bay of Bengal for target practice by Indian Navy ships.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/INS-Krishna-to-make-its-last-voyage/article13368592.ece?fbclid=IwAR2uwx370G9-isy7FC6MTdi6WFsFYUPB7CXyLk2ayojYXgRiLmRJZA84pNA| title = INS Krishna to make its last voyage| publisher = The Hindu Times| access-date = 5 November 2020}}</ref>

==Commanding officers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
!From||To|||Captain<ref name="rncap">{{cite web|last=Mackie|first=Colin |title=Royal Navy — Captains Commanding Royal Navy Warships |work=Colin Mackie's website: British Armed Forces (1860-)| url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/ROYAL%20NAVY%20WARSHIP1.pdf#285|date=October 2016|access-date=30 November 2016|format=pdf|page=285}}</ref>
|-
|1968||1970|||Captain Michael L Stacey
|-
|1970||1971|||Captain David T Smith
|-
|1971||1972|||Captain Richard D Franklin
|-
|1972||1974|||Captain Alexander F R Weir
|-
|1974||1976|||Captain [[Robert Gerken]]
|-
|1976||1977|||Captain Anthony M G Pearson
|-
|1977||1977|||Captain Kelvin A Low
|-
|1980||1982|||Commander J A A McCoy<ref>Navy News September 1979 Page 16 - Appointments</ref>
|-
|1982||1984|||Captain [[James Weatherall]]
|-
|1984||1985|||Captain Michael A C Moore
|-
|1985||1987|||Captain [[Jeremy Sanders (Royal Navy officer)|Jeremy Sanders]]
|-
|1987||1988|||Captain Neil E Rankin
|-
|1988||1989|||Commander [[Charles Style]] RN{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
|}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Publications==
*{{cite book|editor-last=Blackman |editor-first=Raymond V. B. |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1971–72|year=1971 |publisher=Sampson Low Marston & Co., Ltd|location=London |isbn=0-354-00096-9}}
*{{cite book|last1=Burden|first1=Rodney A.|last2=Draper |first2=Michael I. |last3=Rough |first3=Douglas A. |last4=Smith |first4=Colin R. |last5=Wilton |first5=David |title=Falklands: The Air War| year=1986 |publisher=British Aviation Research Group |isbn=0-906339-05-7}}
*{{Colledge}}
*{{cite book|last=Critchley |first=Mike |title=British Warships Since 1945: Part 5: Frigates|year=1992| publisher=Maritime Press|location=Liskeard, UK|isbn=0-907771-13-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After|year=2008|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-015-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Marriott|first=Leo|year=1983 |title=Royal Navy Frigates 1945–1983|publisher=Ian Allan Ltd|location=Shepperton, Surrey, UK |isbn= 0-7110-1322-5}}
*{{cite book|last1=Osborne|first1=Richard|last2=Sowdon|first2=David |title=Leander Class Frigates |year=1990 |publisher = World Ships Society |location= Kendal, UK | isbn=0-905617-56-8}}
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Prézelin |editor1-first=Bernard|editor2=A.D. Baker III|title=The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991|year=1990|publisher= Naval Institute Press|location= Annapolis, Maryland, USA |isbn=0-87021-250-8}}

{{Commons category|HMS Andromeda (F57)}}
{{Leander class frigate}}
{{Falklands War British ships}}
{{Frigates_of_the_Indian_Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andromeda (F57)}}
[[Category:Leander-class frigates]]
[[Category:Frigates of India|Krishna]]
[[Category:Ships of the Fishery Protection Squadron of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1967 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Portsmouth]]
[[Category:Ships sunk as targets]]