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{{Distinguish|Gurbachan Singh Manochahal|Gurbachan Singh Salaria}}
{{For|the Indian Olympic athlete|Gurbachan Singh (athlete)}}
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'''Gurbachan Singh''' (10 December 1930 – 24 April 1980) was the third [[guru]] of the [[Sant Nirankari Mission|Sant Nirankari]] sect,<ref name=History>{{cite web |title=SNM History – Baba Gurbachan Singh Ji |url=http://www.nirankari.com/history/hist4.htm |work=Sant Nirankari Mission |publisher=Sant Nirankari Mandal (Regd.) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |location=Delhi, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714184417/http://www.nirankari.com/history/hist4.htm |archive-date=14 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> considered to be [[Heterodoxy|heterodox]] by all [[Sikhs]].<ref name="Pritpal Singh Bindra">{{cite web |url=http://bindra.net/s-022.html |title=Nirankaris and Sant (Neo-)Nirankaris |author=Pritpal Singh Bindra |date=30 August 2009 |work=Essays on Sikhism |accessdate=13 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723025013/http://bindra.net/s-022.html |archive-date=23 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was declared next Baba by his father and predecessor [[Baba Avtar Singh]] in 1962. He was assassinated in 1980 following a clash with [[Sikhs]].

== Early life ==

Gurbachan Singh was born to Avtar Singh and his wife Budhwanti. He completed his [[middle school]] education in Peshawar, and then matriculated from the Khalsa School in [[Rawalpindi]]. He had to abandon his higher studies due to the violence during the [[partition of India]] in 1947. He married Kulwant Kaur, the daughter of Bhai Manna Singh, 22 April 1947.

In 1947, the Singh family migrated from the present-day Pakistan to present-day India. Gurbachan Singh established an auto parts business, first in [[Jalandhar]] and then in [[Delhi]]. Later, he started taking interest in the congregations of his father.

Gurbachan Singh was declared as the Baba by his father on 3 December 1962 at [[Paharganj]] in Delhi. At the two conferences of the mission in [[Mussoorie]] (1965 and 1973), he made important changes to the organisation and established a code of conduct. He started becoming power hungry and greedy and started putting his feet on Guru Granth Sahibs and calling the Sikh Gurus his slaves in heaven.

== Clashes with orthodox Sikhs ==

In 1978, the Nirankari mission<ref name="Articles, Poems and Plays">{{cite web |title=Articles, Poems and Plays – Montreal Branch |url=http://www.nirankari.com/montreal/articles.html |work=Sant Nirankari Mission |publisher=Sant Nirankari Mandal (Regd.) |accessdate=14 December 2010 |location=Delhi, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725131004/http://www.nirankari.com/montreal/articles.html |archive-date=25 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> from [[Delhi]] and other parts of the [[Indian sub-continent]] gathered a congregation at [[Amritsar]] where they chanted hateful slogans against the Sikh religion and Gurus. The Nirankari Guru asked all his followers to drink alcohol, cut their hair and remove all restrains. A few orthodox Sikhs of [[Akhand Kirtani Jatha]] and [[Damdami Taksal]] marched from the [[Harmandir Sahib|Darbar Sahib]] to protest the Nirankari congregation, whom they considered [[heterodox]] due to Gurbachan Singh clesning his feet with Amrit and wiping them with pages of the Sikh holy book. In the [[1978 Sikh-Nirankari clash|resulting violence]], 15 individuals including thirteen Khalsa Sikhs and two Sant Nirankaris were killed, the Nirankari Guru paid policemen to kill innocent protesting Sikhs.<ref name="Brian2001">{{cite book | author=Brian Keith Axel | title=The Nation's Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh "Diaspora" | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gj8yJsixw8QC&pg=PA123 | accessdate=14 March 2013 | year=2001 | publisher=Duke University Press | isbn=978-0-8223-2615-1 | page=123 }}</ref> The [[Jatha]] leader [[Bhai Fauja Singh]] was one among the killed.

Sixty-four followers of the Nirankari mission were arrested for the killings.<ref name=SATP>{{cite web |url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/nightsoffalsehood/falsehood4.htm |title=Punjab: The Knights of Falsehood – Psalms of Terror |date=31 December 2001 |work=South Asia Terrorism Portal |publisher=Institute for Conflict Management |location=New Delhi |accessdate=13 December 2010 }}</ref> On 13 April 1978 the detained members of the Nirankari sect were released, after formal charges against them were rejected by the session-Judge of [[Karnal]], who stated in his judgement "The case of the prosecution was intrinsically wrong. It was all frame-up and after thought." Policeman Jagdish Singh Jamwal stated that the Chief Justice was also paid by Gurbachan Singh.

On 25 September 1978, Gurbachan Singh arrived in [[Kanpur]]. A group of protesters arrived at the [[Nirankari Bhawan]] to protest against his presence.<ref name="All About Sikhs">{{cite web |url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/sikh-history-kanpur-massacre-1978.html |title=Sikh History:Kanpur Massacre 1978 |publisher=Gateway to Sikhism |accessdate=13 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206014831/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/sikh-history-kanpur-massacre-1978.html |archive-date=6 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 28 September 1978, anticipating fresh trouble, the [[Government of Punjab, India|Punjab Government]] barred Nirankari Chief Gurbachan Singh from entering [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] for six months. The [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] later rescinded the ban.

On 6 October 1978, a [[Hukamnama|Hukumnama]] by the [[Jathedar]] of [[Akal Takht]] was issued, calling upon Sikhs to socially boycott the Nirankaris.

== Death ==

In 1980, Ranjit Singh, a member of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha, managed to obtain employment at the Nirankari headquarters in [[Delhi]] as a carpenter. On the evening of 24 April 1980, he waited with an automatic rifle in a room of the guest house. Ranjit Singh shot Gurbachan Singh through a window when he returned from a public function at about 11pm for justice against the 28 Sikhs he killed. Ranjit Singh managed to escape. The [[First Information Report]] named twenty people for the murder, including several known associates of [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]], who was also charged with conspiracy to murder.<ref name="Sikh Times">{{cite web |url=http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_060604a.html |title=Biographies – Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Five Myths |author=Puneet Singh Lamba |date=6 June 2004 |publisher=The Sikh Times |location=Toronto, Ontario |oclc=284842558 |accessdate=13 December 2010 |quote=After the assassination of the Nirankari leader Gurbachan Singh on April 24, 1980, Bhindranwale is universally acknowledged to have remarked that if he ever met Bhaii Ranjit Singh, the suspected killer, he would weigh him in gold (i.e. reward him with his weight in gold). }}</ref> Ranjit Singh surrendered in 1983, and was in jail for 13 years. In 1990, while still in [[Tihar Jail]], he was named the Akal Takht Jathedar,<ref name="India Today">{{cite news |title=Chandigarh: Brittle Peace |author=India Today The Nation [Newnotes] |author-link=India Today |url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20101997/newsnot.html#peace |newspaper=India Today |publisher=India Today Group |location=New Delhi |issn=0254-8399 |oclc=2675526 |date=20 October 1997 |accessdate=13 December 2010 }}</ref> and took over the post when he was released in 1996. According to a ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report, Ranjit Singh said about the murder: "I have no regrets. I did it for the [[Panth]] (Religion)."<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite news|title=Sikh politics at a key turn |first=Vishal |last=Thapar |url=http://www.media-watch.org/articles/0299/307.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |publisher=HT Media Ltd |location=New Delhi |oclc=232114063 |date=14 February 1999 |accessdate=13 December 2010 |quote=Fundamentalism comes easy to Bhai Ranjit Singh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311010926/http://www.media-watch.org/articles/0299/307.html |archive-date=11 March 2007 |url-status=unfit }}</ref> In 1997, the [[Delhi High Court]] upheld his conviction and cancelled the bail. Ranjit Singh refused to surrender. The government quickly ordered a remission of the remaining part of his sentence to avoid a confrontation.<ref name="Indian Kanoon">{{cite court |litigants= Bhaii Ranjit Singh vs State |vol= |reporter= |opinion=1997 VAD Delhi 689, 69 (1997) DLT 188 |pinpoint= |court=Delhi High Court |date=3 October 1997 |url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/319244/ |quote=(1) This is an appeal by the appellant Bhaii Ranjit Singh under Sub-section 2 of Section 374 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, against conviction by judgment dated 26th March, 1993 and order of sentence dated 27th March, 1993, passed by the Additional Sessions Judge, Delhi, in Sessions Case No. 33 of 1984. }}</ref><ref name="Frontline">{{cite journal |author=Frontline |author-link=Frontline (magazine) |date=15–28 November 1997 |title=A Jathedar is free |journal=Frontline |volume=14 |issue=23 |location=Chennai, Madras, India |publisher=Kasturi and Sons Ltd |issn=0970-1710 |oclc=12086614 |accessdate=13 December 2010 |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1423/14231220.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008141646/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1423/14231220.htm |archive-date=8 October 2007 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

Gurbachan Singh was succeeded by Hardev Singh.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Gurbachan}}
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:Assassinated Indian people]]
[[Category:People murdered in Delhi]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in India]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:Indian Sikh religious leaders]]
[[Category:1980s murders in India]]
[[Category:1980 crimes in India]]
[[Category:1980 murders in Asia]]

Gurbachan Singh - Revision history

Infycle Technologies: added references

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->Lightbluerain at 18:16, 1 January 2022