Gulzarilal Nanda - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup: Source modification.

2023-07-22T07:30:21Z

Cleanup: Source modification.

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:21, 17 January 2022
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	\| image = Gulzarilal Nanda stamp (cropped).jpg		\| image = Gulzarilal Nanda stamp (cropped).jpg
	\| alt =		\| alt =
	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| image_size = ~~250px~~		\| image_size =
	\| office = [[Prime Minister of India~~]]<br>~~		\| office = Interim [[Prime Minister of India]]
	~~\| status=[[Acting~~]]
	\| president = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]		\| president = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
	\| term_start = 11 January 1966		\| term_start = 11 January 1966
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	\| successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]		\| successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
	\| office4 = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)\|Minister of External Affairs]]		\| office4 = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)\|Minister of External Affairs]]
	\| primeminister4 = ''Himself''		\| primeminister4 = ''Himself'' (Interim)
	\| term_start4 = 27 May 1964		\| term_start4 = 27 May 1964
	\| term_end4 = 7 June 1964		\| term_end4 = 7 June 1964
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	\| successor4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]		\| successor4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1898\|7\|4\|df=y}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1898\|7\|4\|df=y}}
	\| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[British India]]		\| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab Province (British India)\|Punjab]], [[British India]]
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1998\|1\|15\|1898\|7\|4\|df=y}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1998\|1\|15\|1898\|7\|4\|df=y}}
	\| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]		\| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
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	}}		}}

	'''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm \|title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead \|~~publisher~~=Rediff.com \|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Disha Experts \|title=General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrctDwAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA90 \|date=10 July 2017 \|publisher=Disha Publications \|isbn=978-93-86323-29-3 \|page=2}}</ref> was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in [[Labor economics\|labour issues]]. He was the ~~Acting~~ [[Prime Minister of India]] for two short periods following the deaths of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964 and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966 respectively. Both his terms ended after the ruling [[Indian National Congress]]'s parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1997.		'''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm \|title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead \|work=Rediff.com \|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Disha Experts \|title=General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrctDwAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA90 \|date=10 July 2017 \|publisher=Disha Publications \|isbn=978-93-86323-29-3 \|page=2}}</ref> was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in [[Labor economics\|labour issues]]. He was the Interim [[Prime Minister of India]] for two short periods following the deaths of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964 and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966 respectively. Both his terms ended after the ruling [[Indian National Congress]]'s parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1997.

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	===Born===		===Born===
	Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in [[Sialkot]] in the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab Province of India]] into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] family (Sialkot became a part of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)\|Punjab Province of Pakistan]] in 1947, after the partition of ~~[[British India]] into~~ [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]). Nanda received his education in [[Lahore]], [[Amritsar]], [[Agra]], and [[~~Allahabad~~]].{{citation needed\|date=September 2011}}		Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in [[Sialkot]] in the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab Province of India]] into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] Barbal(नाई) family. Sialkot became a part of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)\|Punjab Province of Pakistan]] in 1947, after the partition of [[ India]] and creation of [[Pakistan]]. Nanda received his education in [[Lahore]], [[Amritsar]], [[Agra]], and [[Prayagraj]].{{citation needed\|date=September 2011}}

	===Research worker===		===Research worker===
	Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a professor of economics at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed\|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed\|date=July 2013}}. He was honored with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081011000917/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref>		Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a professor of economics at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed\|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed\|date=July 2013}}. He was honored with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081011000917/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref>

	He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Kalhan\|first1=Promilla\|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People\|date=1997\|publisher=Allied Publishers\|page=xvi\|isbn=9788170236931\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref>		He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Kalhan\|first1=Promilla\|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People\|date=1997\|publisher=Allied Publishers\|page=xvi\|isbn=9788170236931\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref>
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	Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name="5-ls">{{cite web\|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana\|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4\|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>		Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name="5-ls">{{cite web\|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana\|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4\|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>

	== Prime Minister ~~(Acting)~~ ==		== Interim Prime Minister ==
	Nanda was the ~~acting~~ Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966.<ref>[http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php Former PMs of India] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625084219/http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php \|date=25 June 2014 }}</ref> He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he ~~acted~~ as Prime Minister. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/gulzarilal-nanda.html \|title=Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline \|publisher=Iloveindia.com \|date=1998-01-15 \|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former [[Malawian]] President [[Hastings Banda]] died, until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former State Leader.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/01/18/deaths/3c6cae5b-af47-4075-a8b6-a3ce7c65702f/ DEATHS]. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.</ref> At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century.		Nanda was the Interim Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of first Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964, and the second time after the death of second Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966.<ref>[http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php Former PMs of India] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625084219/http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php \|date=25 June 2014 }}</ref> He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he was chosen as Prime Minister. The Indian Constitution has no provision of Acting Prime Minister as is widely circulated but incorrectly. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/gulzarilal-nanda.html \|title=Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline \|publisher=Iloveindia.com \|date=1998-01-15 \|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former [[Malawian]] President [[Hastings Banda]] died, until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former State Leader.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/01/18/deaths/3c6cae5b-af47-4075-a8b6-a3ce7c65702f/ DEATHS]. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.</ref> At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century.

	== In popular culture ==		== In popular culture ==
	''A Dedicated Worker - Shri Gulzarilal Nanda'' is a 1999 [[Short film\|short]] [[documentary film]] directed by A. K. Goorha and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers Nanda's work towards labourers and others as the PM and otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=DEDICATED WORKER ,A – SHRI GULZARILAL NANDA` {{!}} Films Division\|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/dedicated-worker-a-shri-gulzarilal-nanda\|access-date=2021-06-11\|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>		''A Dedicated Worker - Shri Gulzarilal Nanda'' is a 1999 [[Short film\|short]] [[documentary film]] directed by A. K. Goorha and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers Nanda's work towards labourers and others as the PM and otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=DEDICATED WORKER ,A – SHRI GULZARILAL NANDA' {{!}} Films Division\|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/dedicated-worker-a-shri-gulzarilal-nanda\|access-date=2021-06-11\|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	\|-		\|-
	{{s-bef\|rows=3\|before=[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]}}		{{s-bef\|rows=3\|before=[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]}}
	{{s-ttl\|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small>~~Acting~~</small>\|years=1964}}		{{s-ttl\|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small></small>\|years=1964}}
	{{s-aft\|rows=3\|after=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}		{{s-aft\|rows=3\|after=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
	\|-		\|-
	{{s-ttl\|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)\|Planning Commission]]<br/><small>~~Acting~~</small>\|years=1964}}		{{s-ttl\|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)\|Planning Commission]]<br/><small></small>\|years=1964}}
	\|-		\|-
	{{s-ttl\|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)\|Minister of External Affairs]]\|years=1964}}		{{s-ttl\|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)\|Minister of External Affairs]]\|years=1964}}
	\|-		\|-
	{{s-bef\|rows=2\|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}		{{s-bef\|rows=2\|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
	{{s-ttl\|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small>~~Acting~~</small>\|years=1966}}		{{s-ttl\|title=[[Prime Minister of India]]<br/><small></small>\|years=1966}}
	{{s-aft\|rows=2\|after=[[Indira Gandhi]]}}		{{s-aft\|rows=2\|after=[[Indira Gandhi]]}}
	\|-		\|-
	{{s-ttl\|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)\|Planning Commission]]<br/><small>~~Acting~~</small>\|years=1966}}		{{s-ttl\|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)\|Planning Commission]]<br/><small></small>\|years=1966}}
	{{S-ach\|rec}}		{{S-ach\|rec}}
	{{succession box		{{succession box

imported>EditWiki45: /* Prime Minister (Acting) */

2021-08-24T09:52:28Z

Prime Minister (Acting)

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:22, 24 August 2021
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	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| image_size = 250px		\| image_size = 250px
	\| office = [[Prime Minister of India]]<br>[[Acting]]		\| office = [[Prime Minister of India]]<br>
			\| status=[[Acting]]
	\| president = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]		\| president = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
	\| term_start = 11 January 1966		\| term_start = 11 January 1966
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	\| predecessor3 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]		\| predecessor3 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
	\| successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]		\| successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
			\| office4 = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)\|Minister of External Affairs]]
			\| primeminister4 = ''Himself''
			\| term_start4 = 27 May 1964
			\| term_end4 = 7 June 1964
			\| predecessor4 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
			\| successor4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1898\|7\|4\|df=y}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1898\|7\|4\|df=y}}
	\| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[India]]		\| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[British India]]
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1998\|1\|15\|1898\|7\|4\|df=y}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1998\|1\|15\|1898\|7\|4\|df=y}}
	\| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]		\| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
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	}}		}}

	'''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm \|title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead \|publisher=Rediff.com \|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Disha Experts \|title=General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrctDwAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA90 \|date=10 July 2017 \|publisher=Disha Publications \|isbn=978-93-86323-29-3 \|page=2}}</ref> was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in [[Labor economics\|labour issues]]. He was the [[Prime Minister of India]] for two short periods following the deaths of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964 and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966. Both his terms ended after the ruling [[Indian National Congress]]'s parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1997.		'''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm \|title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead \|publisher=Rediff.com \|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Disha Experts \|title=General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrctDwAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA90 \|date=10 July 2017 \|publisher=Disha Publications \|isbn=978-93-86323-29-3 \|page=2}}</ref> was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in [[Labor economics\|labour issues]]. He was the Acting [[Prime Minister of India]] for two short periods following the deaths of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964 and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966 respectively. Both his terms ended after the ruling [[Indian National Congress]]'s parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1997.

	==Early life==		==Early life==
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	===Research worker===		===Research worker===
	Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a ~~Professor~~ of ~~Economics~~ at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed\|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed\|date=July 2013}}. He was honored with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081011000917/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref>		Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a professor of economics at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed\|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed\|date=July 2013}}. He was honored with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081011000917/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref>

	He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Kalhan\|first1=Promilla\|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People\|date=1997\|publisher=Allied Publishers\|page=xvi\|isbn=9788170236931\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref>		He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Kalhan\|first1=Promilla\|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People\|date=1997\|publisher=Allied Publishers\|page=xvi\|isbn=9788170236931\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref>
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	Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name="5-ls">{{cite web\|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana\|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4\|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>		Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name="5-ls">{{cite web\|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana\|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4\|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>

	==Prime Minister==		== Prime Minister (Acting) ==
	Nanda was the Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966.<ref>[http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php Former PMs of India] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625084219/http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php \|date=25 June 2014 }}</ref> He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he acted as Prime Minister. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/gulzarilal-nanda.html \|title=Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline \|publisher=Iloveindia.com \|date=1998-01-15 \|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former [[Malawian]] President [[Hastings Banda]] died, until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former State Leader.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/01/18/deaths/3c6cae5b-af47-4075-a8b6-a3ce7c65702f/ DEATHS]. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.</ref> At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century.		Nanda was the acting Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966.<ref>[http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php Former PMs of India] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625084219/http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php \|date=25 June 2014 }}</ref> He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he acted as Prime Minister. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/gulzarilal-nanda.html \|title=Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline \|publisher=Iloveindia.com \|date=1998-01-15 \|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former [[Malawian]] President [[Hastings Banda]] died, until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former State Leader.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/01/18/deaths/3c6cae5b-af47-4075-a8b6-a3ce7c65702f/ DEATHS]. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.</ref> At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century.

	== In popular culture ==		== In popular culture ==
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	{{Home Ministry (India)}}		{{Home Ministry (India)}}
	{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}		{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
			{{Indian National Congress}}
	{{Bharat Ratna}}		{{Bharat Ratna}}
	{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}		{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
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	[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]		[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]
	[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]
	[[Category:20th-century ~~Prime Ministers~~ of India]]		[[Category:20th-century prime ministers of India]]
	[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
	[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]		[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
	[[Category:State funerals in India]]		[[Category:State funerals in India]]

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{{short description|Two-time Acting Prime Minister of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Gulzarilal Nanda stamp (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| image_size = 250px
| office = [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Acting]]
| president = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| term_start = 11 January 1966
| term_end = 24 January 1966
| predecessor = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| successor = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| term_start2 = 27 May 1964
| term_end2 = 9 June 1964
| president2 = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| predecessor2 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| successor2 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| office3 = [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| primeminister3 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] [[Indira Gandhi]]
| term_start3 = 29 August 1963
| term_end3 = 14 November 1966
| predecessor3 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|7|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1998|1|15|1898|7|4|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]]
| spouse = Lakshmi
| relations =
| children = 2 sons and 1 daughter
| parents = |
}}

'''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead |publisher=Rediff.com |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Disha Experts |title=General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrctDwAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA90 |date=10 July 2017 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-93-86323-29-3 |page=2}}</ref> was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in [[Labor economics|labour issues]]. He was the [[Prime Minister of India]] for two short periods following the deaths of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964 and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966. Both his terms ended after the ruling [[Indian National Congress]]'s parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1997.

==Early life==
===Born===
Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in [[Sialkot]] in the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab Province of India]] into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] family (Sialkot became a part of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab Province of Pakistan]] in 1947, after the partition of [[British India]] into [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]). Nanda received his education in [[Lahore]], [[Amritsar]], [[Agra]], and [[Allahabad]].{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}

===Research worker===
Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a Professor of Economics at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}. He was honored with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081011000917/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref>

He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|page=xvi|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref>

==Members of Assembly and Parliament==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2012}}

===[[British Raj]]===
In the British Raj, Nanda was elected to the [[Bombay Legislative Assembly]] in 1937, and served as parliamentary secretary (for Labor and Excise) to the [[Government of Bombay]] from 1937 to 1939. As Labour Minister of the Bombay Government during 1946–1950, he successfully piloted the Labor Disputes Bill in the state assembly. He served as a Trustee of the Kasturba Memorial Trust. (Kasturba was the wife of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].) He served as secretary of the Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak Sangh (Indian Labor Welfare Organization), and Chairman of the Bombay Housing Board. He was a member of the National Planning Committee. He was largely instrumental in organising the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]], and later became its president.

In 1947, Nanda went to [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] as a government delegate to the International Labor Conference. He worked on The Freedom of Association Committee of the Conference, and visited [[Sweden]], [[France]], [[Switzerland]], [[Belgium]], and the [[United Kingdom]] to study labour and housing conditions in those countries.

===Indian Planning Commission===
In March 1950, Nanda joined the Indian Planning Commission as its vice-chairman. In September 1951, he was appointed Planning Minister in the Indian Government. He was also given charge of the portfolios of Irrigation and Power. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from Bombay in the general elections of 1952, and was reappointed Minister for Planning, Irrigation, and Power. He led the Indian Delegation to the Plan Consultative Committee held in [[Singapore]] in 1955, and the International Labor Conference held in Geneva in 1959.

===Lok Sabha member===
Nanda was elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1957 elections, and was appointed Union Minister for Labour, Employment and Planning, and later, as Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. He visited the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], [[Yugoslavia]], and Austria in 1959.

Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1962 elections from the [[Sabarkantha]] constituency in [[Gujarat]]. He initiated the Congress Forum for Socialist Action in 1962. He was Union Minister for Labour and Employment in 1962–1963, and [[Minister for Home Affairs]] in 1963–1966.

Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name="5-ls">{{cite web|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>

==Prime Minister==
Nanda was the Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966.<ref>[http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php Former PMs of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625084219/http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php |date=25 June 2014 }}</ref> He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he acted as Prime Minister. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/gulzarilal-nanda.html |title=Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline |publisher=Iloveindia.com |date=1998-01-15 |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former [[Malawian]] President [[Hastings Banda]] died, until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former State Leader.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/01/18/deaths/3c6cae5b-af47-4075-a8b6-a3ce7c65702f/ DEATHS]. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.</ref> At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century.

== In popular culture ==
''A Dedicated Worker - Shri Gulzarilal Nanda'' is a 1999 [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] directed by A. K. Goorha and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers Nanda's work towards labourers and others as the PM and otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DEDICATED WORKER ,A – SHRI GULZARILAL NANDA` {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/dedicated-worker-a-shri-gulzarilal-nanda|access-date=2021-06-11|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Gulzarilal Nanda}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|years=1963–1966}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Yashwantrao Chavan]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]] Acting|years=1964}}
{{s-aft|rows=3|after=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] Acting|years=1964}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]|years=1964}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]] Acting|years=1966}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Indira Gandhi]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] Acting|years=1966}}
{{S-ach|rec}}
{{succession box
| title = [[List of oldest living state leaders|Oldest living state leader]]
| years = 25 November 1997 – 15 January 1998
| before = [[Hastings Banda]]
| after = [[Konstantinos Kollias]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Prime Ministers of India}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Bharat Ratna}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanda, Gulzarilal}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:2nd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:3rd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:4th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:5th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Bombay State politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Labour ministers of India]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Haryana]]
[[Category:Ministers for External Affairs of India]]
[[Category:Ministers of Internal Affairs of India]]
[[Category:Ministers of Power of India]]
[[Category:People from Sialkot]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]
[[Category:20th-century Prime Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]