>Giraffer: Reverted edits by Icanclub101 (talk): addition of unnecessary/inappropriate external links (HG) (3.4.10)

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Reverted edits by Icanclub101 (talk): addition of unnecessary/inappropriate external links (HG) (3.4.10)

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gulmarg
| settlement_type = Hill station
| image_skyline = Gulmarg.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of Gulmarg during winter
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|34.05|N|74.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union territory ]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)| Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 2650
| population_total = 1965
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020| url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 193403
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| native_name = Gulmarag
| native_name_lang = ks
}}

'''Gulmarg''' ({{IPA-ur|gʊlmərɡ}}), known as '''Gulmarag'''<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Toshakhani|first1=S.K|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.241983/mode/2up|title=Kashir Dictionary|last2=Koul|first2=Lal|last3=Hajni|first3=Mohiuddin|last4=Pushp|first4=P|last5=Mohiuddin|first5=Akhtar|publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Arts Culture and Languages|year=1968–1980|volume=5|pages=362|language=ks}}</ref> ({{IPA-ks|ɡulmarɨɡ}} ; {{lit|meadow of flowers}})<ref name=Plumbe/> in [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], is a town, a [[hill station]], a popular skiing destination and a [[notified area committee]] in the [[Baramulla district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/travel/a-family-ski-adventure-in-the-himalayas.html|title=A Family Ski Adventure in the Himalayas}}</ref><ref name=Madan>{{cite book|title=through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/178 178]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> The town is situated in the [[Pir Panjal Range]] in the [[Western Himalayas]] and lies within the boundaries of [[Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=COMPLIANCE REPORT of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary: A Biodiversity Hotspot|url=http://jkwildlife.com/pdf/sanc/Compliance%20Report%20Gulmarg%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary.pdf|access-date=2020-11-16|website=jkwildlife.com}}</ref>
[[File:Gulmarg road December 2020 by Mutahir Showkat.jpg|thumb|Road to Gulmarg in winter]]

==Etymology==
Originally called '''Gauri Marg''' (meaning "the path of [[Parvati|Devi Gauri]]"),<ref name="gul">{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Brajesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qqei_Wo1qXwC&pg=PA81|title=Pilgrimage Centres of India|date=2003|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|isbn=9788171821853|language=en}}</ref> in the 1500s it was changed to 'Gulmarg' by [[Yousuf Shah Chak|Yousuf Shah of the Chak dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lovell-Hoare|first1=Max|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7mJQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA208|title=Kashmir: Jammu. Kashmir Valley. Ladakh. Zanskar|last2=Lovell-Hoare|first2=Sophie|date=2014-07-01|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=9781841623962|language=en}}</ref>
Gulmarg is now interpreted to mean 'meadow of flowers'<ref name=Plumbe>{{Cite book|last=Plumbe|first=Wilfred John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVgcAAAAMAAJ&q=Gulmarg+,+meaning+%27+Meadow+of+Flowers+%27+was+8,500+feet+above+sea+level|title=The Golden Pagoda Tree: Adventures in Southeast Asia|publisher=Grey Seal|year=1990|pages=211|isbn=9781856400039|quote=Gulmarg , meaning 'Meadow of Flowers' was 8,500 feet above sea level'}}</ref>

== History ==
[[Yousuf Shah Chak]], who ruled Kashmir from 1579 to 1586, frequented the place with his queen [[Habba Khatoon]] and renamed it 'Gulmarg' ("meadow of flowers").<ref name="Chaturvedi">{{cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=B.K.|title=Tourist Centers Of India|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrLcFkhRZPYC&pg=PA82|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7182-137-2|page=82}}</ref><ref name="About-Gulmarg">{{cite web |url=http://gulmarggondola.com/about_gulmarg.php |title=About Gulmarg |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir State Cable Car Corporation |access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref> Wild flowers of 21 different varieties were collected by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Jahangir]] for his gardens in Gulmarg.<ref name="Chaturvedi"/><ref name="Lovell-HoareLovell-Hoare2014">{{cite book|last1=Lovell-Hoare|first1=Sophie|last2=Lovell-Hoare|first2=Max|title=Kashmir: Jammu. Kashmir Valley. Ladakh. Zanskar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7mJQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA210|date=1 July 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-396-2|pages=208–11}}</ref> In the 19th century, British civil servants started using Gulmarg as a retreat to escape summers in [[North Indian]] plains. Hunting and golfing were their favorite pastime and three golf courses were established in Gulmarg including one exclusively for women.<ref name="Mitra2013">{{cite book|last=Mitra|first=Swati|title=Jammu & Kashmir: Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5WFU8G7hiEYC&pg=PA30|year=2013|publisher=Eicher Goodearth Limited|isbn=978-93-80262-45-1|pages=30–36}}</ref><ref name="Lovell-HoareLovell-Hoare2014"/> One of the golf courses survives and at an altitude of {{convert|2650|m|ft}} is the world's highest golf course.<ref name="Mitra2013"/> In 1927, British established a ski club in Gulmarg and two annual ski events were hosted one each during Christmas and Easter.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lang|first1=Thomas|title=Gulmarg - Kashmir - India|url=http://www.skimuseum.ca/documents/annuals/1934_pt13_pg31-32.pdf|access-date=9 February 2018|work=Canadian Ski Year Book 1934}}</ref><ref name="JKTourism">{{cite web |url=http://jktourism.org/index.php/destinations/kashmir/gulmarg1 |title=Gulmarg |publisher=Official Website of Jammu and Kashmir Tourism |access-date=6 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206230324/http://jktourism.org/index.php/destinations/kashmir/gulmarg1 |archive-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Central Asian explorer [[Aurel Stein]] also visited Gulmarg during this period.<ref name="About-Gulmarg"/>

After the end of [[British Raj|British rule in India]], Gulmarg became a part of the independent [[Kashmir and Jammu (princely state)|princely state of Kashmir and Jammu]]. Pakistan planned an invasion of the state called [[Operation Gulmarg]]. One of the routes used by the invading militia of Pathan tribesmen, armed and supported by Pakistani regular troops, passed through the [[Haji Pir pass]] and Gulmarg onto the state capital [[Srinagar]]. Gulmarg fell to the invading army, but the Indian army led by the 1 [[Sikh Regiment]], which had been airlifted to Srinagar only after the [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra ruler]] of the state Maharaja [[Hari Singh]] had signed an [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|Instrument of Accession]] with India on 26 October 1947, successfully defended the outskirts of Srinagar.<ref>{{cite book|last=Krishna|first=Ashok|title=India's Armed Forces: Fifty Years of War and Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGIkXCsgT2UC&pg=PA12|year=1998|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-897829-47-9|pages=12–15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/interviews/defence-of-srinagar-1947/ |title=Defence of Srinagar 1947 |last=Sarkar |first=Bhaskar |date=1 November 2014 |access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref> Thereafter, Indian counterattacks pushed the tribesmen back and many towns including Gulmarg were recaptured.<ref>{{cite book|last=Prasad|first=Shankar|title=The Gallant Dogras: An Illustrated History of the Dogra Regiment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Wxsgt6_0TYC&pg=PA94|year=2005|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-81-7062-268-0|pages=93–97}}</ref> In 1948, Indian Army established a ski school in Gulmarg which later became the [[High Altitude Warfare School]] of the Indian army specializing in snow–craft and winter warfare.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=1 May 2004 |title=High-altitude warfare school takes global aim |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/High-altitude-warfare-school-takes-global-aim/articleshow/651951.cms |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref> On 1 January 1949, the war ended under UN supervision and a Ceasefire line (CFL), which was rechristened the [[Line of Control]] (LOC) by the [[Shimla Agreement]] of 1972,<ref>{{cite book|last=Karim|first=Afsir|title=Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoqwQb38SQEC&pg=PA142|year=1991|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-81-7062-127-0|pages=142–145}}</ref> came into being close to Gulmarg.<ref name="BBCNews">{{cite news |last=Rafiq |first=Zahid |date=26 Feb 2009 |title=Ski respite for war weary Kashmiris |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7899152.stm |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |location=Gulmarg |access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref>

After [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]], Indian planners sought to develop a destination for [[Winter sports in India]]. The Department of Tourism of the [[Government of India]] invited [[Rudolph Matt]], in 1960 to select a suitable location for such purpose. Matt zeroed in on Gulmarg as a suitable location for development of a winter sports destination in India. In 1968, Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering was established in Gulmarg to train ski instructors. Over the next decade Indian planners invested {{INRConvert|30|m}} to transform Gulmarg into a world-class ski destination. Gulmarg became a centre for skiers from Asian nations.<ref name="Seth2006">{{cite book|last=Seth|first=Pran Nath|title=Successful Tourism: Volume I: Fundamentals of Tourism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkgnSKQiOgsC&pg=PA175|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-3199-8|pages=175–176}}</ref> In mid-1980s, [[heli-skiing]] was introduced in Gulmarg in collaboration with the Swiss skier [[Sylvain Saudan]] of Himalaya Heli-Ski Club of France.<ref name="JKTourism"/>
[[File:Gulmarg in 1969.jpg|thumb|250px|Gulmarg in August 1969]]
In the 1990s, the rise of [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|militancy in Jammu and Kashmir]] affected tourism in Gulmarg.<ref name="Seth2006"/> With the abatement of terrorism in the area, tourism started to recover in late 1990s. Work on the [[Aerial lift|cable car]] project between Gulmarg and [[Apharwat Peak]], which was commissioned in 1988 by [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]] but was subsequently abandoned due to militancy in 1990, was resumed in 1998. In May 1998, Phase 1 of the project, between Gulmarg and Kongdori, began its commercial operation. In May 2005, Phase 2 of the project was also inaugurated, making it one of the longest and highest rope ways of Asia. The [[chairlift]] installed as a part of Phase 3 of the project began its operations in 2011. The [[National_Games_of_India#Winter|National Winter Games]] were held in Gulmarg in 1998, 2004 and 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gulmarggondola.com/about_gondola.php |title=About Gondola |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir State Cable Car Corporation |access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref> In 2014, Government of Jammu and Kashmir drafted a Master Plan–2032 for Gulmarg. The plan includes development of a solid-waste treatment plant on 20 acres of land close to Gulmarg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2014/May/31/draft-master-plan-2032-for-gulmarg-74.asp |title=Draft Master Plan-2032 for Gulmarg |last=Wani |first=Arif Shafi |date=30 May 2014 |access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref>

==Geology and geography ==
Gulmarg lies in a cup-shaped valley in the [[Pir Panjal Range]] of the Himalayas, at an altitude of {{convert|2650|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}, 56 km from [[Srinagar]].<ref name="Mitra2013"/> The soil in Gulmarg comprises glacial deposits, [[Lacustrine plain|lacustrine deposits]] and [[moraines]] of [[Pleistocene]] age covering shales, limestones, sandstones, schists and other varieties of rocks.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vaidya|first=Balkrishna C.|title=Geography of Transport Development in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUWxZVRHB90C&pg=PA349|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-957-5|page=354}}</ref> The natural meadows of Gulmarg, which are covered with snow in winter, allow the growth of wild flowers such as daisies, forget-me-nots and buttercups during spring and summer.<ref name="Mitra2013"/><ref name="Chaturvedi"/> The meadows are interspersed by enclosed parks and small lakes, and surrounded by forests of green pine and fir.<ref name="Mitra2013"/> Skiing and other winter sports in Gulmarg are carried out on the slopes of Apharwat peak at a height of {{convert|4267|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}.<ref name="JKTourism"/> Many points on Apharwat peak and Khilanmarg offer a panoramic view of [[Nanga Parbat]] and [[Harmukh]] mountains.<ref name="Mitra2013"/>

== Climate ==
Due to its high elevation, Gulmarg has a [[humid continental climate]] where the wet winter season sees heavy snowfall, especially for its latitude. Summers are moderate in temperature and length, whereas shoulder seasons are relatively cool.

{{Weather box
| location = Gulmarg (1981–2010, extremes 1951–2012)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 11.5
| Feb record high C = 11.4
| Mar record high C = 18.0
| Apr record high C = 23.6
| May record high C = 28.0
| Jun record high C = 29.4
| Jul record high C = 29.4
| Aug record high C = 27.6
| Sep record high C = 26.0
| Oct record high C = 23.4
| Nov record high C = 20.0
| Dec record high C = 15.8
| year record high C = 29.4
| Jan high C = 0.5
| Feb high C = 1.3
| Mar high C = 4.8
| Apr high C = 10.3
| May high C = 15.4
| Jun high C = 19.5
| Jul high C = 20.7
| Aug high C = 20.6
| Sep high C = 18.8
| Oct high C = 14.1
| Nov high C = 9.2
| Dec high C = 4.4
| year high C = 11.6
| Jan low C = -7.7
| Feb low C = -6.6
| Mar low C = -2.8
| Apr low C = 1.8
| May low C = 6.1
| Jun low C = 9.5
| Jul low C = 11.9
| Aug low C = 11.8
| Sep low C = 8.5
| Oct low C = 3.7
| Nov low C = -0.7
| Dec low C = -4.7
| year low C = 2.6
| Jan record low C = -19.8
| Feb record low C = -18.0
| Mar record low C = -14.8
| Apr record low C = -8.7
| May record low C = -3.2
| Jun record low C = -3.9
| Jul record low C = 2.8
| Aug record low C = 2.7
| Sep record low C = -2.8
| Oct record low C = -6.5
| Nov record low C = -10.0
| Dec record low C = -14.0
| year record low C = -19.8
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 158.2
| Feb rain mm = 223.5
| Mar rain mm = 251.7
| Apr rain mm = 168.6
| May rain mm = 153.3
| Jun rain mm = 103.7
| Jul rain mm = 110.8
| Aug rain mm = 93.1
| Sep rain mm = 62.4
| Oct rain mm = 50.3
| Nov rain mm = 55.7
| Dec rain mm = 103.8
| year rain mm = 1535.0
| Jan rain days = 8.4
| Feb rain days = 10.8
| Mar rain days = 12.2
| Apr rain days = 11.1
| May rain days = 10.9
| Jun rain days = 8.9
| Jul rain days = 9.4
| Aug rain days = 8.0
| Sep rain days = 5.5
| Oct rain days = 3.6
| Nov rain days = 3.4
| Dec rain days = 5.3
| year rain days = 97.5
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 72
| Feb humidity = 74
| Mar humidity = 72
| Apr humidity = 66
| May humidity = 64
| Jun humidity = 63
| Jul humidity = 73
| Aug humidity = 73
| Sep humidity = 64
| Oct humidity = 59
| Nov humidity = 60
| Dec humidity = 66
|year humidity = 67
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Gulmarg Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 301–302
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M75
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
At the 2011 Indian [[census]], Gulmarg had a total population of 1,965 over 77 households. Male population in the town stood at 1,957 while there were only eight females and no children between the ages of 0 and 6 years. Gulmarg had an average literacy rate of 99.24%, compared to the state average of 67.16%, of which male literacy was 99.23% and female literacy was 100%. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] constituted 0.61% and 0.15% of the population respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800009-gulmarg-jammu-and-kashmir.html |title= Gulmarg Population Census 2011 |access-date=9 February 2015 |publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Gulmarg has few permanent residents with most residents being tourists or those involved in the tourism industry.<ref name="Mitra2013"/>

== Tourism ==
[[File:Shiv Temple in Gulmarg.JPG|thumb|The Shiva temple of Gulmarg was previously the royal temple of Dogra kings{{cn|date=July 2020}}]]
According to [[CNN]], Gulmarg is the "heartland of winter sports in India" and was rated as Asia's seventh best ski destination.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kashmir ski paradise beckons|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2004-02-23/travel/kashmir.ski_1_snowboarders-and-skiers-country-snowboarding-gulmarg?_s=PM:TRAVEL|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gulmarg rated Asia's seventh best ski resort|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/gulmarg-rated-asias-seventh-best-ski-resort-1588901.html|publisher=Daily Bhaskar}}</ref> The town is accessible from [[Srinagar]] by road via [[Tangmarg]].[[File:Abandoned Gulmarg Hotel.jpg|thumb|An abandoned GOI hotel structure in Gulmarg]]
The road climbs uphill in the last 12 kilometres to Gulmarg passing through forests of pine and fir.<ref name="Mitra2013"/><ref name="Chaturvedi"/><ref name="Lovell-HoareLovell-Hoare2014"/> Winter sports like skiing, [[tobogganing]], [[snowboarding]] and heli-skiing take place on the slopes of Mount Apharwat reachable by a [[Gondola lift]].<ref name="JKTourism"/>

==Maharani Temple==
Maharani Temple (commonly known as Shiv Temple of Gulmarg) was built by a Hindu ruler Maharaja Hari Singh for his wife Maharani Mohini Bai Sisodia who ruled till 1915. This temple was considered as the stately possession of [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra kings]]. The temple is dedicated to [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]]. This temple is situated on a slight hill top with greenery. This temple is visible from all corners of Gulmarg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoveredindia.com/jammu-and-kashmir/attractions/temples/maharani-temple.htm.|title=Maharani Temple Gulmarg Kashmir}}</ref>

==St Mary's Church==
[[File:St Mary's Church in Gulmarg.JPG|thumb|St Mary's Church in Gulmarg]]
The St Mary's Church is located in the valley of Shepherds in Gulmarg.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.buzzntravel.com/st-marys-church_2|title=St. Mary's Church Gulmarg India Travel Guide {{!}} Location {{!}} History {{!}} about & facts of St. Mary's Church {{!}} Gulmarg {{!}} Buzzntravel.com|work=Buzzntravel|access-date=2017-05-16|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalvisiontours.com/Kashmir/gulmarg/st-mary-church.aspx|title=St Mary Church{{!}}tourist attraction in gulmarg|last=http://www.globalvisiontours.com/|website=www.globalvisiontours.com|access-date=2017-05-16}}</ref>
It was built in 1902, during the period of British rule, and was constructed in a British style. Made of grey brick with a green roof and decorated wooden interior walls, it has been described as a "Victorian architectural wonder".<ref>{{cite web|title=St Mary Church - Gulmarg|url=http://www.kashmirhills.com/destinations/gulmarg/st-marys-church-gulmarg/|website=www.kashmirhills.com|access-date=18 May 2017}}</ref>
In 1920 the church saw the wedding of the brother of [[Bruce Bairnsfather]]; Miss Eleanor Hardy Tipping married Capt. T. D. Bairnsfather, with newspapers describing the church as "very prettily decorated" and with the service conducted by Rev Canon Buckwell in the presence of both organ and a full choir.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wedding at Gulmarg - Bruce Bairnsfather's Brother|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3h5DAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA10-PA38|access-date=18 May 2017|work=The Pioneer Mail|date=17 September 1920|pages=38}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Holt|first1=Major Tonie|last2=Holt|first2=Valmai|title=The Biography of Captain Bruce Bairnsfather: In Search of the Better Ole|date=1995|publisher=Milestone Publications|isbn=9781473827233|edition=2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uiUeCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT180|access-date=18 May 2017}}</ref>

St Mary's was closed for years, but was renovated and reopened in 2003, holding its first Christmas service there for 14 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holidaymine.com/blog/gulmarg/1639|title=Gulmarg|website=www.holidaymine.com|language=en|access-date=2017-05-16}}</ref> The church belongs to the [[Church of North India|Diocese of Amritsar, Church Of North India]].

== Gulmarg Gondola ==
[[File:Gulmarg Gondola, Cable Car.JPG|thumb|[[Gulmarg Gondola]]]]
Built by the French company [[Pomagalski]], the [[Gulmarg Gondola]] is one of the highest in the world reaching 3,979 metres.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gulmarg among 7 top ski resorts in Asia: CNN Int'l|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/Nov/25/gulmarg-among-7-top-ski-resorts-in-asia-cnn-int-l-30.asp|website=greaterkashmir.com|publisher=Greater Kashmir}}</ref> The two-stage ropeway ferries about 600 people per hour between Gulmarg and a shoulder of nearby [[Apharwat Peak]] ({{convert|4200|m|ft}}). The first stage transfers from Gulmarg at {{convert|2600|m|ft}} to Kongdoori at {{convert|3080|m|ft}}. The second stage which has 36 cabins and 18 towers, takes passengers to a height of {{convert|3950|m|ft}} on the Apharwat Peak {{convert|4200|m|ft}}. A chair lift system connects Kongdoori with Mary's shoulder for taking skiers to higher altitude. The high inflow of tourists has had an effect on the fragile eco-system of Gulmarg and activists have demanded tighter regulation to save the environment of the area from over tourism.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2011). Tourism pressure on high elevation IBAs. ''Mistnet'' 12(1): 11-12.</ref>
[[File:K-Line Adventures Gulmarg Terrain Map Alpine Zone v2.png|thumb|Ski Resort Terrain Map showing Gulmarg Gondola, lift, and terrain]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://klineadventures.com/|title=K-line Adventures - Gulmarg}}</ref>

An accident occurred on 15 June 2017 due to an enormous pine tree being uprooted by a gust of wind and breaking the perspex windows on one of the gondola cabins, causing it to swing violently and its seven occupants to fall {{convert|100|ft|m|abbr=on|0}} to the ground.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://klineadventures.com/gulmarg-gondola-claims-7-lives/|title=Gulmarg Gondola claims 7 lives in tragic accident {{!}} K-Line Adventures|date=2017-06-26|work=K-Line Adventures|access-date=2017-09-14|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Sport==

=== Gulmarg Winter Games 2020 ===
The first ever Khelo India Winter Games will begin from March 7 at Gulmarg in Jammu and Kashmir. Around 900 participants will take part in the 5-day event. Organised by Jammu and Kashmir Sports Council in collaboration Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the Games will be held in various sports disciplines at famous ski resort of Gulmarg in north Kashmir from March 7 to 11.<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/gulmarg-to-host-5-day-national-winter-games-from-march-7-2020/as74285557.cms</ref>

===Golf course===
Situated at an altitude of 2,650 m, it is the highest green golf course in the world. The historic [[Gulmarg Golf Club]] was started in 1911 by the British who used the place as a holiday resort. The origin of Gulmarg as the golfing centre of India goes back to the late 19th century when a 6-hole course was made in 1890-91 by [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Colonel Neville Chamberlain]]. The first golf championship was played at Gulmarg in 1922. The Nedou's Cup was introduced in 1929.

===Avalanche information center===
In 2008 an American avalanche forecaster named Brian Newman began a NPO named Gulmarg Avalanche Center. The purpose of this organization was to dispense daily avalanche risk bulletins to visitors entering the unmanaged backcountry surrounding Gulmarg ski area. The center provides avalanche education including a free weekly avalanche awareness talk during the winter season.

== Events ==
[[File:Guide to Gulmarg..JPG|right|thumb|Guide to Gulmarg]]
An annual three-day Gulmarg Winter Festival is held in March. Budding artists in the fields of music, films and photography are given an opportunity to showcase their work during the festival.

==Gulmarg in Bollywood==
Gulmarg has been the shooting location many [[Bollywood]] films like ''[[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]]'', ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'',<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/holiday-the-bollywood-way/article5505590.ece Holiday, the Bollywood way]</ref> ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'', ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]'', ''[[Phantom (2014 film)|Phantom]]'', ''[[Haider (film)|Haider]]'', etc.<ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/irritated-omar-abdullah-criticises-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-for-portraying-gulmarg-as-manali/1/278007.html This is cheating! The Manali in Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani is actually Gulmarg, fumes Omar on Twitter]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/Omar-Abdullah-disappointed-over-Yeh-Jawaani-Hai-Deewani-projecting-Gulmarg-as-Manali/articleshow/20447950.cms?referral=PM|title=Omar Abdullah disappointed over Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani projecting Gulmarg as Manali|work=The Times of India|access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Kalki-enjoys-skiing-in-Gulmarg/articleshow/30352540.cms|title=Kalki enjoys skiing in Gulmarg|work=The Times of India|access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Saif-goes-from-Beirut-to-Gulmarg/articleshow/28928452.cms|title=Saif goes from Beirut to Gulmarg|work=The Times of India|access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://photogallery.outlookindia.com/default.aspx?pt=3&ptv=0&date=01/16/2014&pgid=84397|title=Outlook Photogallery|work=outlookindia.com|access-date=11 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304231019/http://photogallery.outlookindia.com/default.aspx?pt=3&ptv=0&date=01%2F16%2F2014&pgid=84397|archive-date=4 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> A scene in ''Bobby'' was shot in a hut in Gulmarg that later come to be known as 'Bobby Hut'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-ek-kamre-mein-band-in-kashmir-262823|title=NDTV Movies|work=ndtv.com|access-date=11 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404062106/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-ek-kamre-mein-band-in-kashmir-262823|archive-date=4 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirfirst.com/articles/tourism/110301-the-gulmarg-nostalgia-10.htm|title=Kashmir First - The Gulmarg Nostalgia-X|work=kashmirfirst.com|access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jktourism.org/index.php/movies-filmed|title=Movies Filmed in Kashmir|work=jktourism.org|access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Aharbal]]
*[[Gangabal]]
*[[Kokernag]]
*[[Dachigam National Park]]
*[[Dal lake]]
*[[Pahalgam]]
*[[Sonamarg]]
*[[Verinag]]
*[[Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden]]
*[[Kausar Nag]]
*[[Zabarwan Range]]
*[[Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport]]
*[[Kashmir Railway]]
*[[Mughal Road]]
*[[Kolahoi Peak]]
*[[Martand Sun Temple]]

== References ==
{{Wikivoyage|Gulmarg}}
{{commonscat|Gulmarg}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}

[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in India]]
[[Category:Hill stations in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Baramulla district]]

Gulmarg - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup: Source modification. Information added.

>Giraffer: Reverted edits by Icanclub101 (talk): addition of unnecessary/inappropriate external links (HG) (3.4.10)