Great Indian Peninsula Railway - Revision history

73.83.18.20: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-05-27T18:04:47Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:34, 27 May 2022
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2018}}
	{{Infobox ~~company~~		{{Infobox rail
	\|name = Great Indian Peninsula Railway		\|name = Great Indian Peninsula Railway
	\|logo = Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg		\|logo = Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg
	~~\|logo_caption = <br/><br/> '''Motto:''' ''Arte non ense'' <br/>"Art, not Weapon"~~		\|logo_size = 240px
	\|logo_size = 240px		\|type =
	\|type =		\|start_year = 1 August 1849
	\|~~foundation~~ = 1 August 1849		\|headquarters = Bombay, [[British Raj\|British India]]
	\|~~location_city~~ = Bombay		\|gauge = 5'3" or 1676 mm
	~~\|location_country =~~ [[British Raj\|British India]]		\|locale = [[British India]]
	\|~~location~~ =		\|end_year = 5 November 1951
	\|~~locations = <!--# of locations-->~~
	~~\|key_people =~~
	~~\|area_served~~ = [[British India]]
	\|~~industry = [[Railways]]~~
	~~\|products =~~
	~~\|services = [[Rail transport]]~~
	~~\|revenue =~~
	~~\|operating_income =~~
	~~\|net_income =~~
	~~\|num_employees =~~
	~~\|parent =~~
	~~\|divisions =~~
	~~\|subsid =~~
	~~\|caption =~~
	~~\|homepage =~~
	~~\|dissolved~~ = 5 November 1951
	~~\|footnotes =~~
	~~\|intl =~~
	}}		}}
	[[File:Great Indian Peninsula Railway 1870.png\|thumb\|Extent of Great Indian Peninsula Railway network in 1870]]		[[File:Great Indian Peninsula Railway 1870.png\|thumb\|Extent of Great Indian Peninsula Railway network in 1870]]

	The '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' ([[reporting mark]] '''GIPR''') was a predecessor of the [[Central Railway (India)\|Central Railway]] (and by extension, the current state-owned [[Indian Railways]]), whose headquarters was at the [[Bori Bunder railway station\|Boree Bunder]] in [[Mumbai]] (later, the Victoria Terminus and presently the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]]). The Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company was incorporated on 1 August 1849 by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company Act 1849 (12 & 13 Vict. c.83) of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]. It had a share capital of 50,000 pounds. On 21 August 1847 it entered into a formal contract with the [[British East India Company\|East India Company]] for the construction and operation of a railway line, 56 km long, to form part of a trunk line connecting [[Bombay]] with [[Khandesh]] and [[Berar Province\|Berar]] and generally with the other presidencies of India.<ref>Rao, M.A. (1988). ''Indian Railways'', New Delhi: National Book Trust, p.15</ref> The Court of Directors of the East India Company appointed [[James John Berkeley]]<ref>{{cite book\|title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862\|year=1863\|publisher=D. Appleton & Company\|location=New York\|page=690\|url=https://archive.org/stream/1862appletonsan02newyuoft#page/n697/mode/1up}}</ref> as Chief Resident Engineer and Charles Buchanan Ker and Robert Wilfred Graham as his assistants.<ref name=h1>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/04/18/stories/2002041800430100.htm\|title=The great Indian Railway bazaar\|author=Khan, Shaheed\|work=[[The Hindu]]\|date=18 April 2002\|access-date=21 June 2009\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080716010813/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/04/18/stories/2002041800430100.htm\|archive-date=16 July 2008\|url-status=~~dead~~}}</ref> It was India's first passenger railway, the original 21 miles (33.8 km) section opening in 1853, between Bombay (Mumbai) and Tanna (Thane). On 1 July 1925 its management was taken over by the Government.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261\|title=About Indian Railways-Evolution\|publisher=Ministry of Railways website}}</ref> On 5 November 1951 it was incorporated into the Central Railway.		The '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' ([[reporting mark]] '''GIPR''') was a predecessor of the [[Central Railway (India)\|Central Railway]] (and by extension, the current state-owned [[Indian Railways]]), whose headquarters was at the [[Bori Bunder railway station\|Boree Bunder]] in [[Mumbai]] (later, the Victoria Terminus and presently the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]]). The Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company was incorporated on 1 August 1849 by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company Act 1849 (12 & 13 Vict. c.83) of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]. It had a share capital of 50,000 pounds. On 21 August 1847 it entered into a formal contract with the [[British East India Company\|East India Company]] for the construction and operation of a railway line, 56 km long, to form part of a trunk line connecting [[Bombay]] with [[Khandesh]] and [[Berar Province\|Berar]] and generally with the other presidencies of India.<ref>Rao, M.A. (1988). ''Indian Railways'', New Delhi: National Book Trust, p.15</ref> The Court of Directors of the East India Company appointed [[James John Berkeley]]<ref>{{cite book\|title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862\|year=1863\|publisher=D. Appleton & Company\|location=New York\|page=690\|url=https://archive.org/stream/1862appletonsan02newyuoft#page/n697/mode/1up}}</ref> as Chief Resident Engineer and Charles Buchanan Ker and Robert Wilfred Graham as his assistants.<ref name=h1>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/04/18/stories/2002041800430100.htm\|title=The great Indian Railway bazaar\|author=Khan, Shaheed\|work=[[The Hindu]]\|date=18 April 2002\|access-date=21 June 2009\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080716010813/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/04/18/stories/2002041800430100.htm\|archive-date=16 July 2008\|url-status=usurped}}</ref> It was India's first passenger railway, the original 21 miles (33.8 km) section opening in 1853, between Bombay (Mumbai) and Tanna (Thane). On 1 July 1925 its management was taken over by the Government.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261\|title=About Indian Railways-Evolution\|publisher=Ministry of Railways website}}</ref> On 5 November 1951 it was incorporated into the Central Railway.

	==Incorporation in London==		==Incorporation in London==
Line 39:		Line 21:
	Incorporated as a company in 1849, with its head office in London, the Great Indian Peninsula railway was initially proposed for a length of {{convert\|1300\|mi\|abbr=on}}, to connect Bombay with the interior of the Indian peninsula and to the major port of Madras ([[Chennai]]) on the east coast. It was originally meant to connect the towns of Poona ([[Pune]]), Nassuek ([[Nashik]]), Aurungabad ([[Aurangabad, Maharashtra\|Aurangabad]]), Ahmednuggur ([[Ahmednagar]]), Sholapoor ([[Solapur]]), [[Nagpur]], [[Akola]] (West Berar), Oomrawutty ([[Amravati]]), and [[Hyderabad]]. It was meant for the purpose of increasing the export of cotton, silk, opium, sugar and spices.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Company registration − 1845\|date=1846\|publisher=Grace's Guide\|location=London \|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway:_1845_Company_Registration \|access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref>		Incorporated as a company in 1849, with its head office in London, the Great Indian Peninsula railway was initially proposed for a length of {{convert\|1300\|mi\|abbr=on}}, to connect Bombay with the interior of the Indian peninsula and to the major port of Madras ([[Chennai]]) on the east coast. It was originally meant to connect the towns of Poona ([[Pune]]), Nassuek ([[Nashik]]), Aurungabad ([[Aurangabad, Maharashtra\|Aurangabad]]), Ahmednuggur ([[Ahmednagar]]), Sholapoor ([[Solapur]]), [[Nagpur]], [[Akola]] (West Berar), Oomrawutty ([[Amravati]]), and [[Hyderabad]]. It was meant for the purpose of increasing the export of cotton, silk, opium, sugar and spices.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Company registration − 1845\|date=1846\|publisher=Grace's Guide\|location=London \|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway:_1845_Company_Registration \|access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref>

	The management committee consisted of 25 British men, including officials of the [[East India Company]] and banks in London, most of whom resided in Britain and some who had resided in India. The original 25 person board consisted of people such as [[John Stuart-Wortley, 2nd Baron Wharncliffe\|John Stuart-Wortley]] and [[William ~~John~~ Hamilton\|~~W. J.~~ Hamilton]] (both MPs from Britain who became the company's chairman and deputy chairman), Frederick Ayrton (ex-East India Company), cavalrymen such as Major Clayton and Major-General Briggs, Bombay residents John Graham, Col. Dickenson and [[Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy\|Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy]],<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Fire and Spice\|last=Westrip\|first=Joyce\|publisher=Serif Books\|year=2014\|isbn=978-1909150287\|location=London\|pages=20}}</ref> bankers such as John Harvey (Commercial Bank of London) and S. Jervis (Director of the [[London and County Bank]], [[Lombard Street, London\|Lombard Street]]), and directors of other railway companies such as Richard Paterson (Chairman of the [[Northern and Eastern Railway\|Northern and Eastern Railway Company]]) and Melvil Wilson (Director of the Alliance Assurance Office).<ref>{{cite news\|title=Incorporation of Great Indian peninsula Railway\|work=The Evening Standard\|date=19 November 1845}}</ref>		The management committee consisted of 25 British men, including officials of the [[East India Company]] and banks in London, most of whom resided in Britain and some who had resided in India. The original 25 person board consisted of people such as [[John Stuart-Wortley, 2nd Baron Wharncliffe\|John Stuart-Wortley]] and [[William Hamilton (geologist)\|William Hamilton]] (both MPs from Britain who became the company's chairman and deputy chairman), Frederick Ayrton (ex-East India Company), cavalrymen such as Major Clayton and Major-General Briggs, Bombay residents John Graham, Col. Dickenson, [[Jaganath Shunkerseth\|Hon. Jugonnath Sunkersett]] and [[Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy\|Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy]],<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Fire and Spice\|last=Westrip\|first=Joyce\|publisher=Serif Books\|year=2014\|isbn=978-1909150287\|location=London\|pages=20}}</ref> bankers such as John Harvey (Commercial Bank of London) and S. Jervis (Director of the [[London and County Bank]], [[Lombard Street, London\|Lombard Street]]), and directors of other railway companies such as Richard Paterson (Chairman of the [[Northern and Eastern Railway\|Northern and Eastern Railway Company]]) and Melvil Wilson (Director of the Alliance Assurance Office).<ref>{{cite news\|title=Incorporation of Great Indian peninsula Railway\|work=The Evening Standard\|date=19 November 1845}}</ref>

	==Railways around Bombay==		==Railways around Bombay==
Line 45:		Line 27:

	{{multiple image		{{multiple image
	\| align = right		\| align = right
	\| direction = vertical		\| direction = vertical
	\| header = Tanna railway viaducts		\| header = Tanna railway viaducts
	\| image1 = Tanna Village and Smaller Viaduct (12671597053).jpg		\| image1 = Tanna Village and Smaller Viaduct (12671597053).jpg
	\| image2 = Tanna Railway Viaduct (9142699593).jpg		\| image2 = Tanna Railway Viaduct (9142699593).jpg
	\| footer = The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855.		\| footer = The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855.
	}}		}}
	The portion of the line from Tanna to [[Kalyan, India\|Callian]] (present day Kalyan) was opened on 1 May 1854. The construction of this portion was difficult as it involved two-line viaducts over the estuary (see picture on right) and two tunnels.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/history/railway-times.html\|title=Extracts from the Railway Times\|date=1854\|publisher=Railway Times\|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref>		The portion of the line from Tanna to [[Kalyan, India\|Callian]] (present day Kalyan) was opened on 1 May 1854. The construction of this portion was difficult as it involved two-line viaducts over the estuary (see picture on right) and two tunnels.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/history/railway-times.html\|title=Extracts from the Railway Times\|date=1854\|publisher=Railway Times\|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref>
Line 62:		Line 44:

	==Bombay to Calcutta==		==Bombay to Calcutta==
	Beyond Callian, the north-east main line proceeded over the Thull ghat to [[Bhusawal railway station\|Bhosawal]] (present day Bhusawal). From Bhosawal, there was a bifurcation. One passed through great cotton district of [[Amravati\|Oomravuttee]] (present day Amravati) and was extended up to [[Nagpur railway station\|Nagpore]] (present day Nagpur) and then to Raj-nandgaon in [[Durg\|Drug district]] (Present day Durg). The other was extended up to [[Jabalpur\|Jubbulpore]] (present day Jabalpur) to connect with the Allahabad-Jubbulpore branch line of the [[East Indian Railway]] which had been opened in June 1867. Hence it became possible to travel directly from [[Bombay]] to [[Calcutta]]. The [[Howrah-Allahabad-Mumbai line]] was officially opened on 7 March 1870 and it was part of the inspiration for French writer [[Jules Verne]]'s book [[Around the World in Eighty Days]]. Although, in the novel it is erroneously claimed that the line passes through [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra\|Aurangabad]], which is, again erroneously claimed as the capital of the Emperor [[Aurangzeb\|Aurangzeb Alamgeer]]. At that time period, line had not reached Aurangabad but rather moved northward after reaching [[Bhusawal]] towards [[Jabalpur]]. At the opening ceremony, the Viceroy [[Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo\|Lord Mayo]] concluded that ''“it was thought desirable that, if possible, at the earliest possible moment, the whole country should be covered with a network of lines in a uniform system”.'' <ref>~~Navaneeth Krishnan S (2012). [~~https://~~www~~.~~academia~~.~~edu~~/~~11798364~~/~~Advent_and_Expansion_of_Railways_Indian_Experience~~, ~~''Advent~~ and ~~Expansion of Railways in India''~~], p.15</ref>		{{unreferenced section\|date=April 2022}}
			Beyond Callian, the north-east main line proceeded over the Thull ghat to [[Bhusawal railway station\|Bhosawal]] (present day Bhusawal). From Bhosawal, there was a bifurcation. One passed through great cotton district of [[Amravati\|Oomravuttee]] (present day Amravati) and was extended up to [[Nagpur railway station\|Nagpore]] (present day Nagpur) and then to Raj-nandgaon in [[Durg\|Drug district]] (Present day Durg). The other was extended up to [[Jabalpur\|Jubbulpore]] (present day Jabalpur) to connect with the Allahabad-Jubbulpore branch line of the [[East Indian Railway]] which had been opened in June 1867. Hence it became possible to travel directly from [[Bombay]] to [[Calcutta]]. The [[Howrah-Allahabad-Mumbai line]] was officially opened on 7 March 1870 and it was part of the inspiration for French writer [[Jules Verne]]'s book ''[[Around the World in Eighty Days]]''. Although, in the novel it is erroneously claimed that the line passes through [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra\|Aurangabad]], which is, again erroneously claimed as the capital of the Emperor [[Aurangzeb\|Aurangzeb Alamgeer]].{{cn\|date=April 2022}} At that time period, line had not reached Aurangabad but rather moved northward after reaching [[Bhusawal]] towards [[Jabalpur]]. At the opening ceremony, the Viceroy [[Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo\|Lord Mayo]] concluded that ''“it was thought desirable that, if possible, at the earliest possible moment, the whole country should be covered with a network of lines in a uniform system”.''{{cn\|date=April 2022}}

			== Rolling stock ==
			By the end of 1874 the company owned 345 steam locomotives, 1309 coaches and 7924 goods wagons.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,6,1191,1193,1216,1241\|title=Central Railway History\|access-date=27 April 2022\| language=en}}</ref> In 1906 a [[steam railcar]] from [[Kerr, Stuart and Company]] was purchased.<ref> New Locomotives for the Great Indian Peninsula Ry., [https://archive.org/details/locomotiverailwa1219unse/page/114/mode/1up The Locomotive Magazine], Vol. XII, No. 125 (Jul. 14, 1906); pages 114. Includes photo.</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

>GrindtXX: /* Incorporation in London */ c/e, wlinks

2021-04-05T14:42:59Z

Incorporation in London: c/e, wlinks

New page

{{Short description|Railway company in British India (1849–1951)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Great Indian Peninsula Railway
|logo = Great Indian Peninsula Railway.jpg
|logo_caption = <br/><br/> '''Motto:''' ''Arte non ense'' <br/>"Art, not Weapon"
|logo_size = 240px
|type =
|foundation = 1 August 1849
|location_city = Bombay
|location_country = [[British Raj|British India]]
|location =
|locations = 
|key_people =
|area_served = [[British India]]
|industry = [[Railways]]
|products =
|services = [[Rail transport]]
|revenue =
|operating_income =
|net_income =
|num_employees =
|parent =
|divisions =
|subsid =
|caption =
|homepage =
|dissolved = 5 November 1951
|footnotes =
|intl =
}}
[[File:Great Indian Peninsula Railway 1870.png|thumb|Extent of Great Indian Peninsula Railway network in 1870]]

The '''Great Indian Peninsula Railway''' ([[reporting mark]] '''GIPR''') was a predecessor of the [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]] (and by extension, the current state-owned [[Indian Railways]]), whose headquarters was at the [[Bori Bunder railway station|Boree Bunder]] in [[Mumbai]] (later, the Victoria Terminus and presently the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]]). The Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company was incorporated on 1 August 1849 by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company Act 1849 (12 & 13 Vict. c.83) of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]. It had a share capital of 50,000 pounds. On 21 August 1847 it entered into a formal contract with the [[British East India Company|East India Company]] for the construction and operation of a railway line, 56 km long, to form part of a trunk line connecting [[Bombay]] with [[Khandesh]] and [[Berar Province|Berar]] and generally with the other presidencies of India.<ref>Rao, M.A. (1988). ''Indian Railways'', New Delhi: National Book Trust, p.15</ref> The Court of Directors of the East India Company appointed [[James John Berkeley]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862|year=1863|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|location=New York|page=690|url=https://archive.org/stream/1862appletonsan02newyuoft#page/n697/mode/1up}}</ref> as Chief Resident Engineer and Charles Buchanan Ker and Robert Wilfred Graham as his assistants.<ref name=h1>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/04/18/stories/2002041800430100.htm|title=The great Indian Railway bazaar|author=Khan, Shaheed|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 April 2002|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080716010813/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/04/18/stories/2002041800430100.htm|archive-date=16 July 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was India's first passenger railway, the original 21 miles (33.8 km) section opening in 1853, between Bombay (Mumbai) and Tanna (Thane). On 1 July 1925 its management was taken over by the Government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261|title=About Indian Railways-Evolution|publisher=Ministry of Railways website}}</ref> On 5 November 1951 it was incorporated into the Central Railway.

==Incorporation in London==

Incorporated as a company in 1849, with its head office in London, the Great Indian Peninsula railway was initially proposed for a length of {{convert|1300|mi|abbr=on}}, to connect Bombay with the interior of the Indian peninsula and to the major port of Madras ([[Chennai]]) on the east coast. It was originally meant to connect the towns of Poona ([[Pune]]), Nassuek ([[Nashik]]), Aurungabad ([[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]), Ahmednuggur ([[Ahmednagar]]), Sholapoor ([[Solapur]]), [[Nagpur]], [[Akola]] (West Berar), Oomrawutty ([[Amravati]]), and [[Hyderabad]]. It was meant for the purpose of increasing the export of cotton, silk, opium, sugar and spices.<ref>{{cite book|title=Company registration − 1845|date=1846|publisher=Grace's Guide|location=London |url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway:_1845_Company_Registration |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref>

The management committee consisted of 25 British men, including officials of the [[East India Company]] and banks in London, most of whom resided in Britain and some who had resided in India. The original 25 person board consisted of people such as [[John Stuart-Wortley, 2nd Baron Wharncliffe|John Stuart-Wortley]] and [[William John Hamilton|W. J. Hamilton]] (both MPs from Britain who became the company's chairman and deputy chairman), Frederick Ayrton (ex-East India Company), cavalrymen such as Major Clayton and Major-General Briggs, Bombay residents John Graham, Col. Dickenson and [[Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy|Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fire and Spice|last=Westrip|first=Joyce|publisher=Serif Books|year=2014|isbn=978-1909150287|location=London|pages=20}}</ref> bankers such as John Harvey (Commercial Bank of London) and S. Jervis (Director of the [[London and County Bank]], [[Lombard Street, London|Lombard Street]]), and directors of other railway companies such as Richard Paterson (Chairman of the [[Northern and Eastern Railway|Northern and Eastern Railway Company]]) and Melvil Wilson (Director of the Alliance Assurance Office).<ref>{{cite news|title=Incorporation of Great Indian peninsula Railway|work=The Evening Standard|date=19 November 1845}}</ref>

==Railways around Bombay==
On 16 April 1853 at 3:35 pm, the first passenger train of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway left Boree Bunder station in [[Bombay]] (present day [[Mumbai]]) for Tanna (present day [[Thane, India|Thane]]).<ref name="toi">{{cite news|title=A sepia ride, from Boree Bunder to Tannah|last=Costa|first=Roana Maria|date=17 April 2010|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|page=6|location=Mumbai}}</ref> The train took fifty-seven minutes to reach Tanna.<ref name=r1>Rao, M.A. (1988). ''Indian Railways'', New Delhi: National Book Trust, p.17</ref> It covered a distance of 21 miles (33.8 km). Three locomotives named ''Sultan'', ''Sindh'' and ''Sahib'' pulled the 14 carriages carrying 400 passengers on board.<ref name=h1/>

{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header = Tanna railway viaducts
| image1 = Tanna Village and Smaller Viaduct (12671597053).jpg
| image2 = Tanna Railway Viaduct (9142699593).jpg
| footer = The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855.
}}
The portion of the line from Tanna to [[Kalyan, India|Callian]] (present day Kalyan) was opened on 1 May 1854. The construction of this portion was difficult as it involved two-line viaducts over the estuary (see picture on right) and two tunnels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/history/railway-times.html|title=Extracts from the Railway Times|date=1854|publisher=Railway Times|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref>

On 12 May 1856 the line was extended to [[Khopoli|Campoolie]] (present day Khopoli) via Padusdhurree (present day Palasdhari) and on 14 June 1858 [[Khandala]]-[[Poona]] (present day Pune) section was opened to traffic. The Padusdhurree-Khandala section involved the difficult crossing of the [[Bhor Ghat|Bhore Ghat]] (present day Bhor Ghat) and it took another five years for completion. During this period, the 21 km gap was covered by [[palanquin]], [[pony]] or cart through the village of Campoolie.

The [[Kasara|Kassarah]] (present day Kasara) line was opened on 1 January 1861 and the steep [[Thal Ghat|Thull ghat]] (present day Thal Ghat) section up to [[Igatpuri|Egutpoora]] (present day Igatpuri) was opened on 1 January 1865 and thus completed the crossing of the [[Sahyadri]].<ref name="r1"/>

==Bombay to Madras==
Beyond [[Kalyan|Callian]], the south-east main line proceeded over [[Bhor Ghat]] to Poona, [[Sholapur|Sholapore]] (present day Solapur) and [[Raichur|Raichore]] (present day Raichur), where it joined the [[Madras Railway]]. By 1868, route kilometerage was 888 km and by 1870, route kilometerage was 2,388.<ref name=r2>Rao, M.A. (1988). ''Indian Railways'', New Delhi: National Book Trust, pp.17-8</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Railway Intelligence |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OmTXAAAAMAAJ&q=berar&pg=PA194 |page=202 |volume=11 |year=1861 |publisher=The Railway Department, Stock Exchange, London |author=Mihill Slaughter}}</ref>

==Bombay to Calcutta==
Beyond Callian, the north-east main line proceeded over the Thull ghat to [[Bhusawal railway station|Bhosawal]] (present day Bhusawal). From Bhosawal, there was a bifurcation. One passed through great cotton district of [[Amravati|Oomravuttee]] (present day Amravati) and was extended up to [[Nagpur railway station|Nagpore]] (present day Nagpur) and then to Raj-nandgaon in [[Durg|Drug district]] (Present day Durg). The other was extended up to [[Jabalpur|Jubbulpore]] (present day Jabalpur) to connect with the Allahabad-Jubbulpore branch line of the [[East Indian Railway]] which had been opened in June 1867. Hence it became possible to travel directly from [[Bombay]] to [[Calcutta]]. The [[Howrah-Allahabad-Mumbai line]] was officially opened on 7 March 1870 and it was part of the inspiration for French writer [[Jules Verne]]'s book [[Around the World in Eighty Days]]. Although, in the novel it is erroneously claimed that the line passes through [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], which is, again erroneously claimed as the capital of the Emperor [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb Alamgeer]]. At that time period, line had not reached Aurangabad but rather moved northward after reaching [[Bhusawal]] towards [[Jabalpur]]. At the opening ceremony, the Viceroy [[Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|Lord Mayo]] concluded that ''“it was thought desirable that, if possible, at the earliest possible moment, the whole country should be covered with a network of lines in a uniform system”.'' <ref>Navaneeth Krishnan S (2012). [https://www.academia.edu/11798364/Advent_and_Expansion_of_Railways_Indian_Experience, ''Advent and Expansion of Railways in India''], p.15</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of railway companies in India]]
* [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{PM20|FID=co/073012|TEXT=Clippings about|NAME=}}

{{Commons category|Great Indian Peninsula Railway}}

{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Railways in Central India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Great Indian Peninsula Railway}}
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Transport in Thane]]
[[Category:Transport in Pune]]
[[Category:Transport in Kalyan-Dombivli]]
[[Category:Transport in Solapur]]
[[Category:Transport in Bhusawal]]
[[Category:Transport in Durg]]
[[Category:Transport in Nagpur]]
[[Category:Transport in Jabalpur]]
[[Category:Transport in Amravati]]
[[Category:Defunct railway companies of India]]
[[Category:1849 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:1951 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 1849]]
[[Category:Railway companies disestablished in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1849]]