>Rhin-et-Moselle: removed comma between "south Karnataka" and "and" in the first sentence, added comma after "Kurubas"

2021-09-15T13:07:17Z

removed comma between "south Karnataka" and "and" in the first sentence, added comma after "Kurubas"

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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}

'''Gowda''' (also known as Gauda or Gouda) is a surname native to the [[Karnataka]] state of India. It is mainly found among the [[Vokkaliga]]s in south Karnataka and the [[Lingayat]]s in north Karnataka.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/104976/9/09_chapter%203.pdf |chapter=Tenants movements in Uttara Kannada district and the Kagodu Satyagraha |title=Peasant movements in Karnataka since 1900 their nature and results |author=D K Kulkarni |page=80 |publisher=Karnatak University / Shodhganga |year=1992 |accessdate=24 October 2016 |quote=Gowdas, literary means a village headman usually from Vokkaliga community in Southern district of Karnataka and Lingayat in Northern part }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG4JuQMA-a8C&pg=PA37 | title=Shift in Indian Politics: 1983 Elections in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka | publisher=Concept | accessdate=3 November 2016 | author=George Matthew}}</ref> It is also used by [[Kuruba]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author=A. S. Seetharamu |title=Literacy Campaigns in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ut76APt0-IC&pg=PA131 |year=1997 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-814-9 |page=131 }}</ref>

Gowda was originally an honorific used by the administrative head of a village. Typically, such a head owned land and held political and social sway in the village.<ref name="KTMargaret_1999">{{cite book |editor=K. T. Margaret|title=The Open Classroom: A Journey Through Education |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LzpjyvaFAhoC&pg=PA131 |year=1999 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1669-4 |pages=131 }}</ref> Among Kurubas, it was used to refer to the head of the community.<ref>{{cite wikisource|chapter=152|wslink=Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 4.djvu|plaintitle=Page:Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 4.djvu|last=|first=|year=|publisher=|page=|wspage=|scan=|quote=According to Mr. Stuart, "each community of Kurubas, residing in a group of villages, has a headman or Gaudu. He acts the part of pūjāri or priest in all their ceremonies, presides over their tribal meetings, and settles disputes.}}</ref><ref name=“adiga”/>

==Etymology==
According to historian [[Suryanath U. Kamath]], the word ''Gowda'' derives from ''Gavunda''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kamath|first1=Suryanath U.|last2=Naik|first2=R.A|date=1983|title=Gazetteer of India Government of Karnataka, Karnataka State Gazetteer Part II|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3241/page/n265/mode/2up?q=Gauda |location=Bangalore|publisher= Parishree Printers |page=243-244}}: ”Villages had gramakuta or gavunda (gauda), the village headman.
He had under him the village militia^ later called as talaras and tolls.”</ref> The German Indologist [[Gustav Solomon Oppert|Gustav Oppert]] opined that the root of ‘Gowda’ is a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] word meaning "mountain".<ref>{{cite book |author1=Kumar Suresh Singh |author2=Anthropological Survey of India |title=People of India |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?redir_esc=y&id=fRQwAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Mountain |year=2002 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-85938-99-8 |page=408 }}</ref>

The term ''Gowda'' and its archaic forms in Old Kannada such as ''Gamunda'', ''Gavunda'', ''Gavuda'', appear frequently in the inscriptions of Karnataka. The ''[[Epigraphia Carnatica]]'' is replete with references to land grants, donations to temples, hero-stones (''Veeragallu''), stone edicts and copper plates dating back to the age of the [[Western Ganga Dynasty]] (est. 350 CE) and earlier.<ref>{{cite book|author=Benjamin Lewis Rice, R.Narasimhacharya|title=Epigraphia Carnatica|year=1894–1905|publisher=Government Central Press, Bangalore & Mysore}}</ref> The Gavundas were landlords that collected taxes and rendered military service to the Kings.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adiga |first1=Malini|last2= |first2= |date=1997 |title= ‘GAVUNDAS’ IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA: LANDLORDS AND WARRIORS (AD 600 to 1030)|url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/4414389|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=58|pages=139|access-date= 10 March 2021}}</ref> [[Noboru Karashima]] says the Gavundas had functions corresponding to that of the [[Chola]] [[Vellalar|Vellala]] [[Nattar]]s.<ref name=“Karashima”>{{cite book |last=Karashima|first=Noboru|year=2014|title=A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations|url= |location=India|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=144-145|isbn=0198099770}}:”They are, for example, Gavunda chiefs and heggade revenue officers vis-à-vis the Chola Vellala nattars; kalnad military tenure vis-à-vis padai-parru or parigraham tenure in the Chola state”</ref> While the majority of the gavundas were derived from the [[Vokkaliga]]s; by the 10th century, the term gavunda also came to denote chiefship of a community or group and was adopted by the heads of other communities assimilated into the early medieval state.<ref name=“adiga”>{{cite journal |last1=Adiga |first1=Malini|year=1997 |title= 'GAVUNDAS' IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA: LANDLORDS AND WARRIORS (AD 600 to 1030)|url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/44143897|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=58|pages=145,147|jstor=44143897|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
[[File:kempegowda.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Kempegowda I]], founder of the [[Bengaluru]] city]]

Notable people with the surname Gowda:

* [[Akshara Gowda]] (born 1991), Indian actress
* [[Ambareesh]] (born 1952 as Huche Gowda Amarnath) Indian politician and actor
* [[Bhavya Gowda]] (born 1983), Indian model
* [[D. B. Chandre Gowda]] (born 1936), Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[D. V. Sadananda Gowda]] (born 1953), Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[Ere Gowda]], Indian Kannada film director
* [[Girisha Nagarajegowda]] (born 1988), Indian Paralympic athlete known as Girish N. Gowda
* [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] (born 1933), Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] (born 1959 as Haradanahalli Devegowda Kumaraswamy Gowda), Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[H. L. Nage Gowda]] (1915–2005), Indian Kannada folklorist and author
* [[Jaggesh]] (born 1963 as Eshwar Gowda), Indian Kannada actor
* [[Javare Gowda]] (1915–2016), Indian Kannada author
* [[K. C. N. Gowda]] ({{circa}} 1928–2012), Indian Kannada film producer and film distributor
* [[K. Chidananda Gowda]], Indian computer scientist
* [[Kempe Gowda I]] (1510–1569), Founder of Bengaluru & feudatory ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire, now Karnataka, India
* [[Krishna Byre Gowda]] (born 1973), Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[M. H. Marigowda]], Indian horticulturist
* [[M. J. Appaji Gowda]] (died 2020), Indian politician
* [[Maritibbe Gowda]], Karnataka politician
* [[N. H. Gouda]] (1938–1992), Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[Narayana Gowda]], Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[Pallavi Gowda]] (born 1993), Indian actress
* [[Rajeev Gowda]], Indian politician and academic from Karnataka
* [[Ramachandra Gowda]], Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[Ravishankar Gowda]], Indian actor
* [[Shantaveri Gopala Gowda]] (1923–1972), Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[Sheela Gowda]] (born 1957), Indian artist from Karnataka
* [[Shilpi Somaya Gowda]] (born 1970), Canadian novelist
* [[Tejashwini Gowda]] (born 1966), Indian politician from Karnataka
* [[Tulsi Gowda]], Indian environmentalist
* [[Venkate Gopala Gowda]] (born 1951), Indian Supreme court judge
* [[Vikas Gowda]] (born 1983), Indian athlete
* [[Yash (actor)|Yash]] (born Naveen Kumar Gowda), Indian Kannada actor

==See also==
* [[Gouda (disambiguation)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname}}

[[Category:Social groups of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian surnames]]

Gowda (surname) - Revision history

>Rhin-et-Moselle: removed comma between "south Karnataka" and "and" in the first sentence, added comma after "Kurubas"