>Rohann333 at 10:43, 13 May 2021

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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gorubathan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.96|N|88.69|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kalimpong district|Kalimpong]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 442.72
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 60663
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kalimpong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kalimpong]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gorubathan''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] in the [[Kalimpong subdivision]] of the [[Kalimpong district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Gorubathan is located at {{coord|26.96|N|88.69|E|format=dms|}}.

The snow-clad mountain ranges, a little to the north of the old Darjeeling district, form the main [[Great Himalayas|Himalayan range]]. Ranges/ ridges branching out from the main Himalayas pass through Darjeeling district. To the north-west towers the giant [[Kangchenjunga]] {{convert|28146|ft|abbr=on}} and to the north-east is Dongkya {{convert|23184|ft|abbr=on}}. From Kangchenjunga the [[Singalila Ridge]] slopes down southward forming the border between India and Nepal. [[Manebhanjyang, Darjeeling|Manebhanjyang]], [[Sandakphu]] and [[Phalut]] are popular trekking destinations on this ridge. It continues south and south-east through Tunglu and Senchal and other spurs that form the Darjeeling Hills west of the [[Teesta River|Teesta]]. To the east of the Teesta, a lofty ridge runs south of Dongkya, bifurcating at Gipmochi {{convert|11518|ft|abbr=on}}, forming two spurs that contain the valley of the [[Jaldhaka River|Jaldhaka]]. The lower portion of this hilly region forms the Kalimpong Hills. Four great hill ranges radiate from a single point at [[Ghum, West Bengal|Ghum]], a saddle {{convert|7372|ft|abbr=on}} high – the first, the Ghum range running due west to Simanabasti; the second, the Senchal-Mahaldiram range sloping south towards Kurseong, the highest points being East Senchel {{convert|8,600|ft|abbr=on}}, Tiger Hill {{convert|8515|ft|abbr=on}} and West Senchel {{convert|8163|ft|abbr=on}}; the third, the Takdah or Takbu range, sloping north-east to a point above the junction of the Great Rangit and Teesta; the fourth, the Darjeeling Jalapahar Range, extending northwards towards Darjeeling.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://darjeeling.gov.in/gazetteer/District-Gazetteer.pdf | title = District Gazeteer | work= Pages 5-7 Physical aspects | publisher = District administration |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Gorubathan CD block is part of the Kalimpong Range physiographic region. The average elevation varies from 300 m to 3,000 m above sea level. “This region is characterised by abruptly rising hills and numerous small river streams coming down in the north-south direction.”<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Page 13: Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Gorubathan CD block is bounded by [[Bhutan]] on the north and east, [[Mal (community development block)|Mal]] and [[Matiali (community development block)|Matiali]] CD blocks in Jalpaiguri district on the south and [[Kalimpong I]] and [[Kalimpong II]] CD blocks on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Map of Darjeeling district on the fifth page| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/jalpaiguri.html | title = Tehsil map of Jalpaiguri| publisher = Maps of India|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

The Gorubathan CD block has an area of 442.72 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 11 [[gram panchayat]]s, 91 gram sansads (village councils), 38 [[mouza]]s and 27 inhabited villages. [[Jaldhaka#Police station|Jaldhaka]] police station serves this block<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Hanbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=census2001>{{cite web| url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| title = Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal , Table 4| publisher = Census Commissioner of India| work = Census of India 2001, Darjeeling district (01)| access-date = 12 February 2020| url-status=dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040244/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| archive-date = 19 July 2011| df = dmy-all}}</ref>Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Gorubathan]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Darjiling | work= Map of District Darjiling with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 12 February 2020 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s in Gorubathan CD block are: Aahaley, Dalim, Garubathan I, Garubathan II, Kumai, Nim, Patengodak, Pokhreybong, Rongd, Samsing and Todeytangta.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://darjeeling.gov.in/misc/District-Detail.pdf | title = Egiye Bangla Darjeeling | work= Miscellaneous - District Detail| publisher = District administration |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Gorubathan CD block had a total population of 60,663, all of which were rural. There were 31,053 (51%) males and 29,609 (49%) females. There were 6,441 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 4,027 (6.64%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 14,315 (23.60%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Gorubathan CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Today Tangta Khasmahal (5,290), Paten Godak Khasmahal (5,530), Rango Forest (9,131) and [[Gorubathan]] (5,291).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Gorubathan CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Dalingma (821), [[Kumai Tea Garden]] (3,907), Kumai Khasmhal (1,590), Kumai Forest (1,393), Nim Khasmahal (1,764), Samsing (3,711), [[Lower Fagu Tea Garden]] (2,070) and [[Samabiyong Tea Garden]] (1,608).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Gorubathan CD block was 41,687 (76.88% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 23,324 (84.21% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 18,363 (69.23% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 14.97%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD blocks of Darjeeling district (2011) |collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, 46.0% of the population of the Darjeeling district had [[Nepali language|Nepali/ Gorkhali]] as their mother-tongue followed by [[Bengali language|Bengali]] with 24.0%, [[Hindi]] with 10.4%, [[Sadri language|Sadan/ Sadri]] (3.1%), [[Kurukh language|Kurukh/ Oraon]] (2.1%), [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] (1.1%), [[Santali language|Santali]] (1.0%), [[Urdu]] (0.9%), [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]] (0.9%), [[Rangpuri language|Rajbanshi]] (0.6%), [[Mundari language|Munda]] (0.4%), [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] (0.4%), [[Sherpa language|Bhotia]] (0.3%), [[Marwari language|Marwari]] (0.3%), [[Maithili language|Maithili]] (0.3%) and others (7.6%). The proportion of those who have Nepali/ Gorkhali as their mother-tongue has declined from 59.1% in 1961 to 46.1% in 2001, while that of Bengali has risen from 18.4% in 1961 to 24.0% in 2001 and that of Hindi has risen from 7.7% in 1961 to 10.4% in 2001.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XXA , 2011 census|work = page 52: Mother tongue| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 declared that Bengali and Nepali were to be used for official purposes in the three hill subdivisions of Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong in Darjeeling district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbja.nic.in/wbja_adm/files/The%20Bengal%20Official%20Language%20Act,%201961_1.pdf | title = The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961| publisher = WBJA |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Gorubathan CD block
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindu]]|Orange|67.60}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhist]]|Yellow|21.06}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians|Christian]]|Blue|9.31}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|Green|0.53}}
{{bar percent|Others|Maroon|1.51}}
}}

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 41,009 and formed 67.60% of the population in the Gorubathan CD block. Buddhists numbered 12,776 and formed 21.06% of the population. Christians numbered 5,645 and formed 9.31% of the population. Muslims numbered 319 and formed 0.53% of the population. Others numbered 914 and formed 1.51% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Rural Poverty==
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 24.40% of the total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in the Darjeeling district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title =West Bengal Summary | work= Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref> According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 4-9% of the population in Darjeeling, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts were below poverty level, the lowest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Gorubathan CD block'''
|value1 = 30.99
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 19.47
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 4.08
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 45.46
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Gorubathan CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 7,480 and formed 30.99%, agricultural labourers numbered 4,700 and formed 19.47%, household industry workers numbered 986 and formed 4.08% and other workers numbered 10,973 and formed 45.46%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>Total workers numbered 25,139 and formed 39.79% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 36,524 and formed 60.21% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 27 inhabited villages in the Gorubathan CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Darjiling, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 24 villages (87.89%) have drinking water supply. 8 villages (29.63%) have post offices. 14 villages (51.85%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 13 villages (48.15%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 8 villages (29.63%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 2 villages (7.41%) have agricultural credit societies and 4 villages (14.81%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 85, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
In 2012-13, there were 1 fertiliser depot, 1 seed store and 33 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in Gorubathan CD block.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 }}</ref>

In 2013–14, Gorubathan CD block produced 1,163 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 643 hectares, 75 tonnes of wheat from 66 hectares, 4,822 tonnes of maize from 1,578 hectares and 5,820 tonnes of potatoes from 364 hectares. It also produced some pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2013/>

===Tea gardens===
[[Darjeeling tea]] “received the iconic status due to its significant aroma, taste and colour… the first Indian product to be marked with the [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag in 2003… As per the definition, “Darjeeling Tea” can only refer to tea that has been cultivated, grown, produced, manufactured and processed in tea gardens in few specific hilly areas of the district.” Apart from the hill areas, tea is also grown in the plain areas of the terai and dooars, but such gardens are not covered under the GI tag. <ref name=tea>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 26: Tea industry of Darjeeling district | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

As of 2009-10, there were 87 tea gardens covered under the GI tag, employing 51,091 persons. Total land under cultivation was 17,828.38 hectares and total production was 7.36 million kg. A much larger population is indirectly dependent on the tea industry in the district. The average annual production including those from the plain areas, exceeds 10 million kg.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 5.3 (f): Area, production and employment in the tea industry | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 }}</ref><ref name=tea/>

As of 2013, Darjeeling subdivision had 46 tea estates, Kalimpong subdivision had 29 tea estates and Kurseong subdivision had 6 tea gardens. This added up to 81 tea estates in the hill areas. Bannackburn Tea Estate and Lingia Tea Estate in Darjeeling were the first to come up in 1835. Siliguri subdivision in the terai region had 45 tea estates.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://wblc.gov.in/download/Synopsis-of-Tea-Garden-Survey-Final-Report.pdf | title = Synopsis on Survey of Tea Gardens| publisher = Regional Labour Offices under jurisdiction of Joint Labour Commissioner, North Bengal Zone |access-date = 5 March 2020}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2012-13, Gorubathan CD block had offices of 1 commercial bank and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2013/>

==Transport==
Gorubathan CD block has 1 originating/ terminating bus route. The nearest railway station is 12 km from the block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2013/>

[[State Highway 12 (West Bengal)|State Highway 12]] and [[National Highway 717A (India)|National Highway 717A]] passes through Gorubathan CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 21 February 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2012-13, Gorubathan CD block had 100 primary schools with 8,387 students, 4 middle schools with 1,593 students, 4 high schools with 2,007 students and 2 higher secondary schools with 3,065 students. Gorubathan CD block had 158 institutions for special and non-formal education with 8,808 students.<ref name=handbook2013/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in Gorubathan CD block, among the 27 inhabited villages, all villages had primary schools, 21 villages had two or more primary schools, 18 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 9 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 394, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

[[Government General Degree College, Gorubathan]], was established in 2015 at [[Gorubathan]]. It offers undergraduate courses in arts and science.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.gorubathanggdc.co.in/ |title = Government General Degree College, Gorubathan |publisher= GGDC | access-date = 3 April 2020 }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2013, Gorubathan CD block had 1 hospital, 1 block primary health centre and 2 primary health centre with total 40 beds and 2 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 12 family welfare subcentres. 1,522 patients were treated indoor and 19,745 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2013/>

Gourbathan Block Primary Health Centre, with 25 beds at [[Gorubathan]], PO Fagu, is the major government medical facility in the Gorubathan CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at [[Jaldhaka]] (with 2 beds) and Shirpagaon (with 2 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal|access-date = 3 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 3 April 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Kalimpong}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Kalimpong topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Kalimpong district]]

Gorubathan (community development block) - Revision history

Hojjathassanpour2023: update lead as per guidelines

>Rohann333 at 10:43, 13 May 2021