Gopal Krishna Gokhale - Revision history

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	{{~~short~~ description\|~~Social and~~ political leader ~~during the Indian Independence Movement~~}}		{{Short description\|Indian political leader and social reformer (1866–1915)}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=September 2014}}		{{EngvarB\|date=September 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}
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	\| caption = Gokhale in 1909		\| caption = Gokhale in 1909
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1866\|05\|09}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1866\|05\|09}}
	\| birth_place = ~~Kotluk, District Ratnagiri~~, [[Bombay Presidency]], British ~~India~~		\| birth_place = [[Guhagar]], [[Bombay Presidency\|Bombay]], [[British Raj]]
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1915\|02\|19\|1866\|05\|09}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1915\|02\|19\|1866\|05\|09}}
	\| death_place = [[Bombay]], Bombay ~~Presidency~~, British ~~India~~		\| death_place = [[Bombay]], Bombay, [[British Raj]]
	\| alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]]		\| alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]]
	\| occupation = Professor, politician		\| occupation = Professor, politician
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	\| children = 2		\| children = 2
	}}		}}
	'''Gopal Krishna Gokhale''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|CIE}} ({{audio\|Gokhle.ogg\|listen}} [[International Phonetic Alphabet\|[ˈɡoːpaːl ˈkrɪʂɳə ˈɡoːkʰleː]]] 9 May 1866 – 19 February 1915)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale : Gandhi's political guru\|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Pentagon Press\|year=2015\|isbn=9788182748330\|location=New Delhi\|oclc=913778097}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book\|title=My Master Gokhale\|last=Sastri\|first=Srinivas}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His Life and Times\|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Rupa & Co,.\|year=2006}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book\|title=Nek Namdar Gokhale \|language= mr \|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Prestige Prakashan\|year=2003\|location=Pune, India}}</ref> was an Indian 'moderate' political leader and a social reformer during the [[Indian independence movement]]. Gokhale was a senior leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the founder of the [[Servants of India Society]]. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social reforms. He was the leader of the moderate faction of the Congress party that advocated reforms by working with existing government institutions, and a major member of the Poona Association or the [[Poona Sarvakanik sabha\|Poona Sarvajainik Sabha]].

	==~~Early life~~==		'''Gopal Krishna Gokhale''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|CIE}} ({{audio\|Gokhle.ogg\|listen}} [[International Phonetic Alphabet\|[ˈɡoːpaːl ˈkrɪʂɳə ˈɡoːkʰleː]]] 9 May 1866 – 19 February 1915)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale : Gandhi's political guru\|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Pentagon Press\|year=2015\|isbn=9788182748330\|location=New Delhi\|oclc=913778097}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book\|title=My Master Gokhale\|last=Sastri\|first=Srinivas}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His Life and Times\|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Rupa & Co,.\|year=2006}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book\|title=Nek Namdar Gokhale \|language= mr \|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Prestige Prakashan\|year=2003\|location=Pune, India}}</ref> was an Indian political leader and a social reformer during the [[Indian independence movement]] and political mentor of [[India\|Indian]] freedom fighter [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. He was also the mentor of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].
	Gopal Krishna Gokhale (also ~~called~~ as ~~Govind Kishan~~ Gokhale) was born in a [[Chitpavan Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Khan\|first=Mohammad Shabbir\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t3N7tT5kmOsC&pg=PA8\|title=Tilak and Gokhale: A Comparative Study of Their Socio-politico-economic Programmes of Reconstruction\|date=1992\|publisher=APH Publishing\|isbn=978-81-7024-478-3\|language=en}}</ref> on 9 May [[~~1866~~]] in Kotluk village of [[Guhagar]] ~~taluka~~ in [[Ratnagiri district]], in present-day [[Maharashtra]] (then part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]). Despite being relatively poor, his family members ensured that Gokhale received an English education, which would place Gokhale in a position to obtain employment as a clerk or minor official in the [[British Raj]]. He studied in [[Rajaram College]] in [[Kolhapur]].
			Gokhale was a senior leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the founder of the [[Servants of India Society]]. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social reforms. He was the leader of the moderate faction of the Congress party that advocated reforms by working with existing government institutions, and a major member of the Poona Association or the [[Poona Sarvajanik Sabha]].

			==Early biography==
			Gokhale was born in a [[Chitpavan Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Khan\|first=Mohammad Shabbir\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t3N7tT5kmOsC&pg=PA8\|title=Tilak and Gokhale: A Comparative Study of Their Socio-politico-economic Programmes of Reconstruction\|date=1992\|publisher=APH Publishing\|isbn=978-81-7024-478-3\|language=en}}</ref> on 9 May 1866 of the [[British Raj]] in Kotluk village of [[Guhagar taluka]] in [[Ratnagiri district]], in present-day [[Maharashtra]] (then part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]). Despite being relatively poor, his family members ensured that Gokhale received an English education, which would place Gokhale in a position to obtain employment as a clerk or minor official in the [[British Raj]]. He studied in [[Rajaram College]] in [[Kolhapur]].
	Being one of the first generations of Indians to receive a university education, under the guidance of Chakrappan a great indian philosopher of that times, Gokhale graduated from [[Elphinstone College]] in 1884. He had a great influence of the social works of Justice [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] on his life. He was named as the ‛Protege Son’ i.e. Manas Putra of Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. Gokhale's education tremendously influenced the course of his future career – in addition to learning English, he was exposed to Western political thought and became a great admirer of theorists such as [[John Stuart Mill]] and s [[Edmund Burke]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" />		Being one of the first generations of Indians to receive a university education, under the guidance of Chakrappan a great indian philosopher of that times, Gokhale graduated from [[Elphinstone College]] in 1884. He had a great influence of the social works of Justice [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] on his life. He was named as the ‛Protege Son’ i.e. Manas Putra of Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. Gokhale's education tremendously influenced the course of his future career – in addition to learning English, he was exposed to Western political thought and became a great admirer of theorists such as [[John Stuart Mill]] and s [[Edmund Burke]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" />

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	==Servants of India society==		==Servants of India society==
	[[File:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 01.JPG\|thumb\|Statue of Gokhale in Churchgate]]		[[File:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 01.JPG\|thumb\|Statue of Gokhale in Churchgate]]
	In 1905, when Gokhale was elected president of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was at the height of his political power, he founded the [[Servants of India Society]] to specifically further one of the causes dearest to his heart: the expansion of Indian education. For Gokhale, true political change in India would only be possible when a new generation of Indians became educated as to their civil and patriotic duty to their country and to each other. Believing existing educational institutions and the [[Indian Civil Service]] did not do enough to provide Indians with opportunities to gain this political education, Gokhale hoped the Servants of India Society would fill this need. In his preamble to the SIS's constitution, Gokhale wrote that "The Servants of India Society will train men prepared to devote their lives to the cause of country in a religious spirit, and will seek to promote, by all constitutional means, the national interests of the Indian people."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Wolpert, Stanley (1962) ''Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modem India'', Berkeley, U. California, pp. 158–160.</ref> The Society took up the cause of promoting Indian education in earnest, and among its many projects organised mobile libraries, founded schools, and provided night classes for factory workers.<ref>{{cite journal\|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00014335\|jstor=313033\|title=Education for National Efficiency: Constructive Nationalism in North India, 1909-1916\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=31\|issue=2\|pages=339–374\|last1=Watt\|first1=Carey A.\|year=1997}}</ref> Although the Society lost much of its vigour following Gokhale's death, it still exists to this day, though its membership is small.		In 1905, when Gokhale was elected president of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was at the height of his political power, he founded the [[Servants of India Society]] to specifically further one of the causes dearest to his heart: the expansion of Indian education. For Gokhale, true political change in India would only be possible when a new generation of Indians became educated as to their civil and patriotic duty to their country and to each other. Believing existing educational institutions and the [[Indian Civil Service]] did not do enough to provide Indians with opportunities to gain this political education, Gokhale hoped the Servants of India Society would fill this need. In his preamble to the SIS's constitution, Gokhale wrote that "The Servants of India Society will train men prepared to devote their lives to the cause of country in a religious spirit, and will seek to promote, by all constitutional means, the national interests of the Indian people."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Wolpert, Stanley (1962) ''Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modem India'', Berkeley, U. California, pp. 158–160.</ref> The Society took up the cause of promoting Indian education in earnest, and among its many projects organised mobile libraries, founded schools, and provided night classes for factory workers.<ref>{{cite journal\|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00014335\|jstor=313033\|title=Education for National Efficiency: Constructive Nationalism in North India, 1909-1916\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=31\|issue=2\|pages=339–374\|last1=Watt\|first1=Carey A.\|year=1997\|s2cid=144344830 }}</ref> Although the Society lost much of its vigour following Gokhale's death, it still exists to this day, though its membership is small.

	==Involvement with British Imperial Government==		==Involvement with British Imperial Government==
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	== Family ==		== Family ==
	Gokhale married twice. His first marriage took place in 1880 when he was in his teens to Savitribai, who suffered from an incurable ailment. He married a second time in 1887 while ~~Rishibama~~ was still alive. His second wife died after giving birth to two daughters in 1899. Gokhale did not marry again and his children were looked after by his relatives.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite book\|last=Hoyland\|first=John S.\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His life and Speeches\|year=1933\|publisher=Y.M.C.A. Publishing House\|place=Calcutta\|page=29\|url=http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13455/216612_Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale_His_Life_And_Speeches.pdf?sequence=2\|access-date=13 December 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213203123/http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13455/216612_Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale_His_Life_And_Speeches.pdf?sequence=2\|archive-date=13 December 2013\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Sastri\|first=V.S. Srinivasa\|title=Life of Gopal Krishna Gokhale\|year=1937\|publisher=The Bangalore Press\|location=Bangalore India\|url=http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10973/248/6/GIPE-019745-gokhale.pdf\|access-date=13 December 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213214550/http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10973/248/6/GIPE-019745-gokhale.pdf\|archive-date=13 December 2013\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		Gokhale married twice. His first marriage took place in 1880 when he was in his teens to Savitribai, who suffered from an incurable ailment. He married a second time in 1887 to Rishibama while Savitribai was still alive. His second wife died after giving birth to two daughters in 1899. Gokhale did not marry again and his children were looked after by his relatives.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite book\|last=Hoyland\|first=John S.\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His life and Speeches\|year=1933\|publisher=Y.M.C.A. Publishing House\|place=Calcutta\|page=29\|url=http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13455/216612_Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale_His_Life_And_Speeches.pdf?sequence=2\|access-date=13 December 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213203123/http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13455/216612_Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale_His_Life_And_Speeches.pdf?sequence=2\|archive-date=13 December 2013\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Sastri\|first=V.S. Srinivasa\|title=Life of Gopal Krishna Gokhale\|year=1937\|publisher=The Bangalore Press\|location=Bangalore India\|url=http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10973/248/6/GIPE-019745-gokhale.pdf\|access-date=13 December 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213214550/http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10973/248/6/GIPE-019745-gokhale.pdf\|archive-date=13 December 2013\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

	His eldest daughter, Kashi (Anandibai), married Justice S.B. Dhavle ICS. She had three children – Gopal Shankar Dhavle, Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Meena Rajwade. Out of these three children, two of them had children. Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Nalini Dhavle (née Sathe) have three children: Shridhar Balwant Dhavle FCA, Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle IFS and Jyotsna Balwant Dhavle. Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle and Aabha Dixit have two sons Abhishek Vidyadhar Dhavle and Jaidev Vidyadhar Dhavle, who are the most recent direct descendants of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.{{Citation needed\|date=August 2019}} The ancestral house was constructed by Gopal Krishna Gokhale for his family in Pune, and it continues to be the residence of the Gokhale-Dhavle descendants to this day. Also, the native village of G.K Gokhale, Tamhanmala, a remote village in Ratnagiri, has his paternal house even today. It is located 25 km away from [[Chiplun]], Ratnagiri. Other paternal relatives of Gokhale still reside at the same.{{Citation needed\|date=August 2019}}		His eldest daughter, Kashi (Anandibai), married Justice S.B. Dhavle ICS. She had three children – Gopal Shankar Dhavle, Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Meena Rajwade. Out of these three children, two of them had children. Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Nalini Dhavle (née Sathe) have three children: Shridhar Balwant Dhavle FCA, Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle IFS and Jyotsna Balwant Dhavle. Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle and Aabha Dixit have two sons Abhishek Vidyadhar Dhavle and Jaidev Vidyadhar Dhavle, who are the most recent direct descendants of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.{{Citation needed\|date=August 2019}} The ancestral house was constructed by Gopal Krishna Gokhale for his family in Pune, and it continues to be the residence of the Gokhale-Dhavle descendants to this day. Also, the native village of G.K Gokhale, Tamhanmala, a remote village in Ratnagiri, has his paternal house even today. It is located 25 km away from [[Chiplun]], [[Ratnagiri]]. Other paternal relatives of Gokhale still reside at the same.{{Citation needed\|date=August 2019}}

	== Works ==		== Works ==
	* English weekly newspaper, The Hitavad (The people's paper)		* English weekly newspaper, The Hitavad (The people's paper)
			English news paper SUDHARAK

	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{Wikiquote}}~~
	~~{{Commons category}}~~
	*{{Cite EB1922\|wstitle=Gokhale, Gopal Krishna \|short=x}}		*{{Cite EB1922\|wstitle=Gokhale, Gopal Krishna \|short=x}}

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	[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]		[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
	[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]		[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
	~~[[Category:Indian independence activists]]~~
	~~[[Category:Brahmin Indian independence activists]]~~
	[[Category:19th-century Indian essayists]]		[[Category:19th-century Indian essayists]]
	[[Category:Indian male writers]]		[[Category:Indian male writers]]
	[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]		[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
	[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]		[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
	~~[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]~~
	[[Category:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council]]		[[Category:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council]]
	[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]		[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]
	[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]		[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
	[[Category:Scholars from Mumbai]]		[[Category:Scholars from Mumbai]]
			[[Category:People from Bombay Presidency]]

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-06-06T17:42:50Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:12, 6 June 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Gopal ~~Krishna~~ Gokhale<br /><small> {{Postnominals\|country=GBR\|CIE}}</small>		\| name = Gopal Gokhale<br /><small> {{Postnominals\|country=GBR\|CIE}}</small>
	\| image = GKGokhale.jpg		\| image = GKGokhale.jpg
	\| caption = Gokhale in 1909		\| caption = Gokhale in 1909
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1866\|05\|09}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1866\|05\|09}}
	\| birth_place = Kotluk, ~~Dist.~~ Ratnagiri, [[Bombay Presidency]], British India		\| birth_place = Kotluk, District Ratnagiri, [[Bombay Presidency]], British India
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1915\|02\|19\|1866\|05\|09}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1915\|02\|19\|1866\|05\|09}}
	\| death_place = [[Bombay]], Bombay Presidency, British India		\| death_place = [[Bombay]], Bombay Presidency, British India
	\| alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]]		\| alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]]
	\| occupation = Professor, ~~Politician~~		\| occupation = Professor, politician
	\| party = [[Indian National Congress]]		\| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
	\| movement = [[Indian ~~Independence~~ movement]]		\| movement = [[Indian independence movement]]
	\| spouse = Savitri Bai (1880-1887)<br />Rishibama (1887-1899)		\| spouse = Savitri Bai (1880-1887)<br />Rishibama (1887-1899)
	\| children = ~~Kashi Bai, Godhu Bai~~		\| children = 2
	~~\| parents = Father : Krishna Rao Gokhale<br />Mother : Sathyabama Bai~~
	}}		}}
	'''Gopal Krishna Gokhale''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|CIE}} ({{audio\|Gokhle.ogg\|listen}} [[International Phonetic Alphabet\|[ˈɡoːpaːl ˈkrɪʂɳə ˈɡoːkʰleː]]] 9 May 1866 – 15 February 1915)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale : Gandhi's political guru\|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Pentagon Press\|year=2015\|isbn=9788182748330\|location=New Delhi\|oclc=913778097}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book\|title=My Master Gokhale\|last=Sastri\|first=Srinivas}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His Life and Times\|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Rupa & Co,.\|year=2006}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book\|title=Nek Namdar Gokhale \|language= mr \|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Prestige Prakashan\|year=2003\|location=Pune, India}}</ref> was an Indian ~~liberal~~ political leader and a social reformer during the [[Indian independence movement]]. Gokhale was a senior leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the founder of the [[Servants of India Society]]. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social reforms. He was the leader of the moderate faction of the Congress party that advocated reforms by working with existing government institutions.		'''Gopal Krishna Gokhale''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|CIE}} ({{audio\|Gokhle.ogg\|listen}} [[International Phonetic Alphabet\|[ˈɡoːpaːl ˈkrɪʂɳə ˈɡoːkʰleː]]] 9 May 1866 – 19 February 1915)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale : Gandhi's political guru\|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Pentagon Press\|year=2015\|isbn=9788182748330\|location=New Delhi\|oclc=913778097}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book\|title=My Master Gokhale\|last=Sastri\|first=Srinivas}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His Life and Times\|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Rupa & Co,.\|year=2006}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book\|title=Nek Namdar Gokhale \|language= mr \|last=Talwalkar\|first=Govind\|publisher=Prestige Prakashan\|year=2003\|location=Pune, India}}</ref> was an Indian 'moderate' political leader and a social reformer during the [[Indian independence movement]]. Gokhale was a senior leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the founder of the [[Servants of India Society]]. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social reforms. He was the leader of the moderate faction of the Congress party that advocated reforms by working with existing government institutions, and a major member of the Poona Association or the [[Poona Sarvakanik sabha\|Poona Sarvajainik Sabha]].

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born in a [[Chitpavan Brahmin~~\|Chitpavan brahmin~~]] family<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Khan\|first=Mohammad Shabbir\|url=https://books.google.~~co.in~~/books?id=t3N7tT5kmOsC&pg=PA8~~&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false~~\|title=Tilak and Gokhale: A Comparative Study of Their Socio-politico-economic Programmes of Reconstruction\|date=1992\|publisher=APH Publishing\|isbn=978-81-7024-478-3\|language=en}}</ref> on 9 May [[1866]] in Kotluk village of [[Guhagar]] taluka in [[Ratnagiri district]], in present-day [[Maharashtra]] (then part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]). Despite being relatively poor, his family members ensured that Gokhale received an ~~[[English language\|~~English]] education, which would place Gokhale in a position to obtain employment as a clerk or minor official in the [[British Raj]]. He studied in [[Rajaram College]] in [[Kolhapur]].		Gopal Krishna Gokhale (also called as Govind Kishan Gokhale) was born in a [[Chitpavan Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Khan\|first=Mohammad Shabbir\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t3N7tT5kmOsC&pg=PA8\|title=Tilak and Gokhale: A Comparative Study of Their Socio-politico-economic Programmes of Reconstruction\|date=1992\|publisher=APH Publishing\|isbn=978-81-7024-478-3\|language=en}}</ref> on 9 May [[1866]] in Kotluk village of [[Guhagar]] taluka in [[Ratnagiri district]], in present-day [[Maharashtra]] (then part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]). Despite being relatively poor, his family members ensured that Gokhale received an English education, which would place Gokhale in a position to obtain employment as a clerk or minor official in the [[British Raj]]. He studied in [[Rajaram College]] in [[Kolhapur]].
	Being one of the first generations of Indians to receive a university education, Gokhale graduated from [[Elphinstone College]] in 1884. He had a great influence of the social works of Justice [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] on his life. He was named as the ‛Protege Son’ i.e Manas Putra of Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. Gokhale's education tremendously influenced the course of his future career – in addition to learning English, he was exposed to Western political thought and became a great admirer of theorists such as [[John Stuart Mill]] and s [[Edmund Burke]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" />		Being one of the first generations of Indians to receive a university education, under the guidance of Chakrappan a great indian philosopher of that times, Gokhale graduated from [[Elphinstone College]] in 1884. He had a great influence of the social works of Justice [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] on his life. He was named as the ‛Protege Son’ i.e. Manas Putra of Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. Gokhale's education tremendously influenced the course of his future career – in addition to learning English, he was exposed to Western political thought and became a great admirer of theorists such as [[John Stuart Mill]] and s [[Edmund Burke]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" />

	==Indian National Congress, Tilak and the Split at Surat==		==Indian National Congress, Tilak and the Split at Surat==
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	In January 1908, Tilak was arrested on charge of sedition and sentenced to six years imprisonment and dispatched to Mandalay. This left the whole political field open for the moderates. When Tilak was arrested, Gokhale was in England. Lord Morley, the Secretary of State for India, was opposed to Tilak's arrest. However, the Viceroy Lord Minto did not listen to him and considered Tilak's activities as seditious and his arrest necessary for the maintenance of law and order.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3" />		In January 1908, Tilak was arrested on charge of sedition and sentenced to six years imprisonment and dispatched to Mandalay. This left the whole political field open for the moderates. When Tilak was arrested, Gokhale was in England. Lord Morley, the Secretary of State for India, was opposed to Tilak's arrest. However, the Viceroy Lord Minto did not listen to him and considered Tilak's activities as seditious and his arrest necessary for the maintenance of law and order.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3" />

	~~Gokhale’s~~ one major difference with Tilak centred around one of his pet issues, the Age of Consent Bill introduced by the British Imperial Government, in 1891–92. Gokhale and his fellow liberal reformers, wishing to purge what they saw as superstitions and abuses in their native [[Hinduism]], supported the Consent Bill to curb child marriage abuses. Though the Bill was not extreme, only raising the age of consent from ten to twelve, Tilak took issue with it; he did not object to the idea of moving towards the elimination of child marriage, but rather to the idea of British interference with Hindu tradition. For Tilak, such reform movements were not to be sought under imperial rule when they would be enforced by the British, but rather after independence was achieved, when Indians would enforce it on themselves. The bill however became law in the [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":4">Brown, D. Mackenzie (1961) ''Indian Political Thought from Ranade to Bhave'', Los Angeles: University of California Press, p. 77.</ref> The two leaders also vied for the control of the [[Poona Sarvajanik Sabha]] and the founding of the Deccan Sabha by Gokhale in 1896 was the consequence of Tilak coming out ahead.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5">{{cite book\|last1=Bandyopadhyay\|first1=Sekhar\|title=From Plassey to Partition and After\|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Limited\|isbn=978-81-250-5723-9\|page=248\|year=2015}}</ref>		Gokhale's one major difference with Tilak centred around one of his pet issues, the Age of Consent Bill introduced by the British Imperial Government, in 1891–92. Gokhale and his fellow liberal reformers, wishing to purge what they saw as superstitions and abuses in their native [[Hinduism]], supported the Consent Bill to curb child marriage abuses. Though the Bill was not extreme, only raising the age of consent from ten to twelve, Tilak took issue with it; he did not object to the idea of moving towards the elimination of child marriage, but rather to the idea of British interference with Hindu tradition. For Tilak, such reform movements were not to be sought under imperial rule when they would be enforced by the British, but rather after independence was achieved, when Indians would enforce it on themselves. The bill however became law in the [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":4">Brown, D. Mackenzie (1961) ''Indian Political Thought from Ranade to Bhave'', Los Angeles: University of California Press, p. 77.</ref> The two leaders also vied for the control of the [[Poona Sarvajanik Sabha]] and the founding of the Deccan Sabha by Gokhale in 1896 was the consequence of Tilak coming out ahead.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5">{{cite book\|last1=Bandyopadhyay\|first1=Sekhar\|title=From Plassey to Partition and After\|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Limited\|isbn=978-81-250-5723-9\|page=248\|year=2015}}</ref>

	Gokhale was deeply concerned with the future of Congress after the split in Surat. He thought it necessary to unite the rival groups, and in this connection he sought the advice of Annie Besant. Gokhale died on 19 February 1915. On his deathbed, he reportedly expressed to his friend Sethur a wish to see the Congress united.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3" /> Despite their differences, Gokhale and Tilak had great respect for each other's patriotism, intelligence, work and sacrifice. Following Gokhale's death, Tilak wrote an editorial in Kesari paying glowing tributes to Gokhale.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" />		Gokhale was deeply concerned with the future of Congress after the split in Surat. He thought it necessary to unite the rival groups, and in this connection he sought the advice of Annie Besant. Gokhale died on 19 February 1915. On his deathbed, he reportedly expressed to his friend Sethur a wish to see the Congress united.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3" /> Despite their differences, Gokhale and Tilak had great respect for each other's patriotism, intelligence, work and sacrifice. Following Gokhale's death, Tilak wrote an editorial in Kesari paying glowing tributes to Gokhale.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" />
Line 41:		Line 40:
	Gokhale's mentor, justice M.G. Ranade started the Sarvajanik Sabha Journal. Gokhale assisted him.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Gokhale's deposition before the Welby Commission on the financial condition of India won him accolades. His speeches on the budget in the Central Legislative Council were unique, with thorough statistical analysis. He appealed to the reason. He played a leading role in bringing about [[Indian Councils Act 1909\|Morley-Minto Reforms]], the beginning of constitutional reforms in India.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> A comprehensive biography of Gopal Krishna Gokhale by Govind Talwalkar portrays Gokhale's work in the context of his time, giving the historical background in the 19th century.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Guha\|first=Ramchandra\|date=24 March 2018\|title=In Praise of Govind Talwalkar\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/in-praise-of-govind-talwalkar-a-great-editor-every-city-state-in-india-needs-today/story-SLgqqqw9yGsKdfq0v5PgfJ.html\|url-status=live\|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/kra-narasiah-reviews-gopal-krishna-gokhale-gandhis-political-guru/article7485201.ece\|title=A reformer's life\|last=Narasiah\|first=K. R. A.\|date=2015-08-01\|work=The Hindu\|access-date=2019-08-09\|language=en-IN\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Gokhale was a scholar, social reformer, and a statesman, arguably the greatest Indian liberal.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> VG Kale has provided an account of the economic reforms pursued by Gokhale in the Vicerory's Legislative Council and outside till 1916.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.523030/mode/2up Gokhale and Economic Reforms, 1916, Aryabhushan Press, Poona]</ref>		Gokhale's mentor, justice M.G. Ranade started the Sarvajanik Sabha Journal. Gokhale assisted him.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Gokhale's deposition before the Welby Commission on the financial condition of India won him accolades. His speeches on the budget in the Central Legislative Council were unique, with thorough statistical analysis. He appealed to the reason. He played a leading role in bringing about [[Indian Councils Act 1909\|Morley-Minto Reforms]], the beginning of constitutional reforms in India.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> A comprehensive biography of Gopal Krishna Gokhale by Govind Talwalkar portrays Gokhale's work in the context of his time, giving the historical background in the 19th century.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Guha\|first=Ramchandra\|date=24 March 2018\|title=In Praise of Govind Talwalkar\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/in-praise-of-govind-talwalkar-a-great-editor-every-city-state-in-india-needs-today/story-SLgqqqw9yGsKdfq0v5PgfJ.html\|url-status=live\|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/kra-narasiah-reviews-gopal-krishna-gokhale-gandhis-political-guru/article7485201.ece\|title=A reformer's life\|last=Narasiah\|first=K. R. A.\|date=2015-08-01\|work=The Hindu\|access-date=2019-08-09\|language=en-IN\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Gokhale was a scholar, social reformer, and a statesman, arguably the greatest Indian liberal.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> VG Kale has provided an account of the economic reforms pursued by Gokhale in the Vicerory's Legislative Council and outside till 1916.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.523030/mode/2up Gokhale and Economic Reforms, 1916, Aryabhushan Press, Poona]</ref>

	==Servants of India ~~Society~~==		==Servants of India society==
	[[File:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 01.JPG\|thumb\|Statue of Gokhale in Churchgate]]		[[File:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 01.JPG\|thumb\|Statue of Gokhale in Churchgate]]
	In 1905, when Gokhale was elected president of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was at the height of his political power, he founded the [[Servants of India Society]] to specifically further one of the causes dearest to his heart: the expansion of Indian education. For Gokhale, true political change in India would only be possible when a new generation of Indians became educated as to their civil and patriotic duty to their country and to each other. Believing existing educational institutions and the [[Indian Civil Service]] did not do enough to provide Indians with opportunities to gain this political education, Gokhale hoped the Servants of India Society would fill this need. In his preamble to the SIS's constitution, Gokhale wrote that "The Servants of India Society will train men prepared to devote their lives to the cause of country in a religious spirit, and will seek to promote, by all constitutional means, the national interests of the Indian people."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Wolpert, Stanley (1962) ''Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modem India'', Berkeley, U. California, pp. 158–160.</ref> The Society took up the cause of promoting Indian education in earnest, and among its many projects organised mobile libraries, founded schools, and provided night classes for factory workers.<ref>{{cite journal\|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00014335\|jstor=313033\|title=Education for National Efficiency: Constructive Nationalism in North India, 1909-1916\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=31\|issue=2\|pages=339–374\|last1=Watt\|first1=Carey A.\|year=1997}}</ref> Although the Society lost much of its vigour following ~~Gokhale’s~~ death, it still exists to this day, though its membership is small.		In 1905, when Gokhale was elected president of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was at the height of his political power, he founded the [[Servants of India Society]] to specifically further one of the causes dearest to his heart: the expansion of Indian education. For Gokhale, true political change in India would only be possible when a new generation of Indians became educated as to their civil and patriotic duty to their country and to each other. Believing existing educational institutions and the [[Indian Civil Service]] did not do enough to provide Indians with opportunities to gain this political education, Gokhale hoped the Servants of India Society would fill this need. In his preamble to the SIS's constitution, Gokhale wrote that "The Servants of India Society will train men prepared to devote their lives to the cause of country in a religious spirit, and will seek to promote, by all constitutional means, the national interests of the Indian people."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Wolpert, Stanley (1962) ''Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modem India'', Berkeley, U. California, pp. 158–160.</ref> The Society took up the cause of promoting Indian education in earnest, and among its many projects organised mobile libraries, founded schools, and provided night classes for factory workers.<ref>{{cite journal\|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00014335\|jstor=313033\|title=Education for National Efficiency: Constructive Nationalism in North India, 1909-1916\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=31\|issue=2\|pages=339–374\|last1=Watt\|first1=Carey A.\|year=1997}}</ref> Although the Society lost much of its vigour following Gokhale's death, it still exists to this day, though its membership is small.

	==Involvement with British Imperial Government==		==Involvement with British Imperial Government==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{page numbers needed\|date=February 2020}}		{{page numbers needed\|date=February 2020}}
	{{reflist\|2}}		{{reflist}}

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

->Bookku: internal links

2022-01-11T15:59:46Z

internal links

New page

{{short description|Social and political leader during the Indian Independence Movement}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gopal Krishna Gokhale {{Postnominals|country=GBR|CIE}}
| image = GKGokhale.jpg
| caption = Gokhale in 1909
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1866|05|09}}
| birth_place = Kotluk, Dist. Ratnagiri, [[Bombay Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1915|02|19|1866|05|09}}
| death_place = [[Bombay]], Bombay Presidency, British India
| alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]]
| occupation = Professor, Politician
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| movement = [[Indian Independence movement]]
| spouse = Savitri Bai (1880-1887) Rishibama (1887-1899)
| children = Kashi Bai, Godhu Bai
| parents = Father : Krishna Rao Gokhale Mother : Sathyabama Bai
}}
'''Gopal Krishna Gokhale''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|CIE}} ({{audio|Gokhle.ogg|listen}} [[International Phonetic Alphabet|[ˈɡoːpaːl ˈkrɪʂɳə ˈɡoːkʰleː]]] 9 May 1866 – 15 February 1915)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale : Gandhi's political guru|last=Talwalkar|first=Govind|publisher=Pentagon Press|year=2015|isbn=9788182748330|location=New Delhi|oclc=913778097}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=My Master Gokhale|last=Sastri|first=Srinivas}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His Life and Times|last=Talwalkar|first=Govind|publisher=Rupa & Co,.|year=2006}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Nek Namdar Gokhale |language= mr |last=Talwalkar|first=Govind|publisher=Prestige Prakashan|year=2003|location=Pune, India}}</ref> was an Indian liberal political leader and a social reformer during the [[Indian independence movement]]. Gokhale was a senior leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the founder of the [[Servants of India Society]]. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social reforms. He was the leader of the moderate faction of the Congress party that advocated reforms by working with existing government institutions.

==Early life==
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born in a [[Chitpavan Brahmin|Chitpavan brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite book|last=Khan|first=Mohammad Shabbir|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t3N7tT5kmOsC&pg=PA8&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Tilak and Gokhale: A Comparative Study of Their Socio-politico-economic Programmes of Reconstruction|date=1992|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-478-3|language=en}}</ref> on 9 May [[1866]] in Kotluk village of [[Guhagar]] taluka in [[Ratnagiri district]], in present-day [[Maharashtra]] (then part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]). Despite being relatively poor, his family members ensured that Gokhale received an [[English language|English]] education, which would place Gokhale in a position to obtain employment as a clerk or minor official in the [[British Raj]]. He studied in [[Rajaram College]] in [[Kolhapur]].
Being one of the first generations of Indians to receive a university education, Gokhale graduated from [[Elphinstone College]] in 1884. He had a great influence of the social works of Justice [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] on his life. He was named as the ‛Protege Son’ i.e Manas Putra of Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. Gokhale's education tremendously influenced the course of his future career – in addition to learning English, he was exposed to Western political thought and became a great admirer of theorists such as [[John Stuart Mill]] and s [[Edmund Burke]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" />

==Indian National Congress, Tilak and the Split at Surat==
[[File:Gopal Krishna Gokhale.jpg|thumb|Portrait]]
Gokhale became a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] in [[1889]], as a protégé of [[social reformer]] [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]]. Along with other contemporary leaders like [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], [[Dadabhai Naoroji]], [[Bipin Chandra Pal]], [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and [[Annie Besant]], Gokhale fought for decades to obtain greater political representation and power over public affairs for common Indians. He was moderate in his views and attitudes, and sought to petition the British authorities by cultivating a process of dialogue and discussion which would yield greater British respect for Indian rights.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Gokhale had visited Ireland<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> and had arranged for an Irish nationalist, [[Alfred Webb]], to serve as President of the Indian National Congress in 1894. The following year, Gokhale became the Congress's joint secretary along with Tilak. In many ways, Tilak and Gokhale's early careers paralleled –both attended [[Elphinstone College]], both became mathematics professors and both were important members of the [[Deccan Education Society]]. However, differences in their views concerning how best to improve the lives of Indians became increasingly apparent.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Masselos, Jim |page=95|title=Indian Nationalism: An History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPxMx01UFEcC|year=1991|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-81-207-1405-2}}</ref>

Both Gokhale and Tilak were the front-ranking political leaders in the early 20th century. However, they differed a lot in their ideologies. Gokhale was viewed as a well-meaning man of moderate disposition, while Tilak was a radical who would not resist using force for the attainment of freedom.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Gokhale believed that the right course for India to get self-government was to adopt constitutional means and cooperate with the British Government. On the contrary, Tilak's messages were protest, boycott and agitation.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7" />

The fight between the moderates and extremists came out openly at Surat in 1907, which adversely affected political developments in the country. Both sides were fighting to capture the Congress organisation due to ideological differences. Tilak wanted to put Lala Lajpat Rai in the presidential chair, but Gokhale's candidate was Rash Behari Ghosh. The tussle begun and there was no hope for compromise. Tilak was not allowed to move an amendment to the resolution in support of the new president-elect. At this the pandal was strewn with broken chairs and shoes were flung by [[Sri Aurobindo|Aurobindo Ghosh]] and his friends. Sticks and umbrellas were thrown on the platform. There was a physical scuffle. When people came running to attack Tilak on the dais, Gokhale went and stood next to Tilak to protect him. The session ended and the Congress split.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> The eyewitness account was written by the Manchester Guardian's reporter Nevison.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060806/spectrum/book1.htm|title=A Gentle Colossus|last=Datta|first=V.N.|date=6 August 2006|work=Tribune India.com}}</ref>

In January 1908, Tilak was arrested on charge of sedition and sentenced to six years imprisonment and dispatched to Mandalay. This left the whole political field open for the moderates. When Tilak was arrested, Gokhale was in England. Lord Morley, the Secretary of State for India, was opposed to Tilak's arrest. However, the Viceroy Lord Minto did not listen to him and considered Tilak's activities as seditious and his arrest necessary for the maintenance of law and order.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3" />

Gokhale’s one major difference with Tilak centred around one of his pet issues, the Age of Consent Bill introduced by the British Imperial Government, in 1891–92. Gokhale and his fellow liberal reformers, wishing to purge what they saw as superstitions and abuses in their native [[Hinduism]], supported the Consent Bill to curb child marriage abuses. Though the Bill was not extreme, only raising the age of consent from ten to twelve, Tilak took issue with it; he did not object to the idea of moving towards the elimination of child marriage, but rather to the idea of British interference with Hindu tradition. For Tilak, such reform movements were not to be sought under imperial rule when they would be enforced by the British, but rather after independence was achieved, when Indians would enforce it on themselves. The bill however became law in the [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":4">Brown, D. Mackenzie (1961) ''Indian Political Thought from Ranade to Bhave'', Los Angeles: University of California Press, p. 77.</ref> The two leaders also vied for the control of the [[Poona Sarvajanik Sabha]] and the founding of the Deccan Sabha by Gokhale in 1896 was the consequence of Tilak coming out ahead.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5">{{cite book|last1=Bandyopadhyay|first1=Sekhar|title=From Plassey to Partition and After|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Limited|isbn=978-81-250-5723-9|page=248|year=2015}}</ref>

Gokhale was deeply concerned with the future of Congress after the split in Surat. He thought it necessary to unite the rival groups, and in this connection he sought the advice of Annie Besant. Gokhale died on 19 February 1915. On his deathbed, he reportedly expressed to his friend Sethur a wish to see the Congress united.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3" /> Despite their differences, Gokhale and Tilak had great respect for each other's patriotism, intelligence, work and sacrifice. Following Gokhale's death, Tilak wrote an editorial in Kesari paying glowing tributes to Gokhale.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" />

== Economist with liberal policy ==
Gokhale's mentor, justice M.G. Ranade started the Sarvajanik Sabha Journal. Gokhale assisted him.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Gokhale's deposition before the Welby Commission on the financial condition of India won him accolades. His speeches on the budget in the Central Legislative Council were unique, with thorough statistical analysis. He appealed to the reason. He played a leading role in bringing about [[Indian Councils Act 1909|Morley-Minto Reforms]], the beginning of constitutional reforms in India.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> A comprehensive biography of Gopal Krishna Gokhale by Govind Talwalkar portrays Gokhale's work in the context of his time, giving the historical background in the 19th century.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Guha|first=Ramchandra|date=24 March 2018|title=In Praise of Govind Talwalkar|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/in-praise-of-govind-talwalkar-a-great-editor-every-city-state-in-india-needs-today/story-SLgqqqw9yGsKdfq0v5PgfJ.html|url-status=live|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/kra-narasiah-reviews-gopal-krishna-gokhale-gandhis-political-guru/article7485201.ece|title=A reformer's life|last=Narasiah|first=K. R. A.|date=2015-08-01|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-09|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Gokhale was a scholar, social reformer, and a statesman, arguably the greatest Indian liberal.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> VG Kale has provided an account of the economic reforms pursued by Gokhale in the Vicerory's Legislative Council and outside till 1916.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.523030/mode/2up Gokhale and Economic Reforms, 1916, Aryabhushan Press, Poona]</ref>

==Servants of India Society==
[[File:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 01.JPG|thumb|Statue of Gokhale in Churchgate]]
In 1905, when Gokhale was elected president of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was at the height of his political power, he founded the [[Servants of India Society]] to specifically further one of the causes dearest to his heart: the expansion of Indian education. For Gokhale, true political change in India would only be possible when a new generation of Indians became educated as to their civil and patriotic duty to their country and to each other. Believing existing educational institutions and the [[Indian Civil Service]] did not do enough to provide Indians with opportunities to gain this political education, Gokhale hoped the Servants of India Society would fill this need. In his preamble to the SIS's constitution, Gokhale wrote that "The Servants of India Society will train men prepared to devote their lives to the cause of country in a religious spirit, and will seek to promote, by all constitutional means, the national interests of the Indian people."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Wolpert, Stanley (1962) ''Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modem India'', Berkeley, U. California, pp. 158–160.</ref> The Society took up the cause of promoting Indian education in earnest, and among its many projects organised mobile libraries, founded schools, and provided night classes for factory workers.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00014335|jstor=313033|title=Education for National Efficiency: Constructive Nationalism in North India, 1909-1916|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=31|issue=2|pages=339–374|last1=Watt|first1=Carey A.|year=1997}}</ref> Although the Society lost much of its vigour following Gokhale’s death, it still exists to this day, though its membership is small.

==Involvement with British Imperial Government==
[[File:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 1966 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Gokhale on a 1966 stamp of India]]
Gokhale, though now widely viewed as a leader of the Indian nationalist movement, was not primarily concerned with independence but rather with social reforms; he believed such reforms would be best achieved by working within existing British government institutions, a position which earned him the enmity of more aggressive nationalists such as Tilak. Undeterred by such opposition, Gokhale would work directly with the British throughout his political career to further his reform goals.

In 1899, Gokhale was elected to the [[Bombay Legislative Council]]. He was elected to the [[Indian Councils Act 1892|Imperial Council]] of the [[Governor-General of India]] on 20 December 1901,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Nanda, Bal Ram |title=Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pI19BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA133|date=8 March 2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-7049-3|page=133}}</ref> and again on 22 May 1903 as non-officiating member representing [[Bombay Province]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">Talwalkar, Govind (2015) ''Gopal Krishna Gokhale:Gandhi's Political Guru'', Pentagon Press. p. 22. {{ISBN|818274833X}}</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite book |title= India List and India Office List for 1905 |publisher=Harrison and Sons, London |year=1905 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3VQTAAAAYAAJ|page= [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3VQTAAAAYAAJ/page/n243 213] }}</ref>

The empirical knowledge coupled with the experience of the representative institutions made Gokhale an outstanding political leader, moderate in ideology and advocacy, a model for the people's representatives.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /> His contribution was monumental in shaping the Indian freedom struggle into a quest for building an open society and egalitarian nation.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /> Gokhale's achievement must be studied in the context of predominant ideologies and social, economic and political situation at that time, particularly in reference to the famines, revenue policies, wars, partition of Bengal, Muslim League and the split in the Congress at Surat.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" />

== Mentor to Gandhi ==
[[File:Gandhi group Gokhale.jpg|thumb|Gokhale and Gandhi in Durban, South Africa, 1912]]
Gokhale was famously a mentor to [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in the latter's formative years.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /> In 1912, Gokhale visited South Africa at Gandhi's invitation. As a young [[barrister]], Gandhi returned from his struggles against the Empire in South Africa and received personal guidance from Gokhale, including a knowledge and understanding of India and the issues confronting common Indians. By 1920, Gandhi emerged as the leader of the [[Indian Independence Movement]]. In his [[The Story of My Experiments with Truth|autobiography]], Gandhi calls Gokhale his mentor and guide. Gandhi also recognised Gokhale as an admirable leader and master politician, describing him as ''"pure as crystal, gentle as a lamb, brave as a lion and chivalrous to a fault and the most perfect man in the political field"''.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1" /> Despite his deep respect for Gokhale, however, Gandhi would reject Gokhale's faith in western institutions as a means of achieving political reform and ultimately chose not to become a member of Gokhale's [[Servants of India Society]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Masselos, Jim |page=157|title=Indian Nationalism: An History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPxMx01UFEcC|year=1991|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-81-207-1405-2}}</ref>

== Family ==
Gokhale married twice. His first marriage took place in 1880 when he was in his teens to Savitribai, who suffered from an incurable ailment. He married a second time in 1887 while Rishibama was still alive. His second wife died after giving birth to two daughters in 1899. Gokhale did not marry again and his children were looked after by his relatives.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Hoyland|first=John S.|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His life and Speeches|year=1933|publisher=Y.M.C.A. Publishing House|place=Calcutta|page=29|url=http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13455/216612_Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale_His_Life_And_Speeches.pdf?sequence=2|access-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213203123/http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13455/216612_Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale_His_Life_And_Speeches.pdf?sequence=2|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sastri|first=V.S. Srinivasa|title=Life of Gopal Krishna Gokhale|year=1937|publisher=The Bangalore Press|location=Bangalore India|url=http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10973/248/6/GIPE-019745-gokhale.pdf|access-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213214550/http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10973/248/6/GIPE-019745-gokhale.pdf|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

His eldest daughter, Kashi (Anandibai), married Justice S.B. Dhavle ICS. She had three children – Gopal Shankar Dhavle, Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Meena Rajwade. Out of these three children, two of them had children. Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Nalini Dhavle (née Sathe) have three children: Shridhar Balwant Dhavle FCA, Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle IFS and Jyotsna Balwant Dhavle. Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle and Aabha Dixit have two sons Abhishek Vidyadhar Dhavle and Jaidev Vidyadhar Dhavle, who are the most recent direct descendants of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}} The ancestral house was constructed by Gopal Krishna Gokhale for his family in Pune, and it continues to be the residence of the Gokhale-Dhavle descendants to this day. Also, the native village of G.K Gokhale, Tamhanmala, a remote village in Ratnagiri, has his paternal house even today. It is located 25 km away from [[Chiplun]], Ratnagiri. Other paternal relatives of Gokhale still reside at the same.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

== Works ==
* English weekly newspaper, The Hitavad (The people's paper)

==References==
{{page numbers needed|date=February 2020}}
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* Govind Talwalkar, ''Gopal Krishna Gokhale: Gandhi's Political Guru,'' Pentagon Press, New Delhi, 2015
* Govind Talwalkar, ''Gopal Krishna Gokhale: his Life and Times'' , Rupa Publication, Delhi, 2005
* Govind Talwalkar, ''Nek Namdar Gokhale'' (In Marathi Language), Prestige Prakashan, Pune, 2003
* J. S. Hoyland, ''Gopal Krishna Gokhale'' (1933)

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
*{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Gokhale, Gopal Krishna |short=x}}

{{Indian National Congress}}
{{Indian Independence Movement}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gokhale, Gopal Krishna}}
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