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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Transport\|Roads\|Railways}}~~
	; Similar rail development		; Similar rail development
	* [[Future of rail transport in India]], rail development		* [[Future of rail transport in India]], rail development

->CodeTalker: Reverted 1 edit by 150.129.44.138 (talk): Editing test

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Reverted 1 edit by 150.129.44.138 (talk): Editing test

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{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| name = Golden Quadrilateral
| maint = [[National Highways Authority of India|NHAI]]
| map = Golden Quadrilateral.svg
| map_notes = Highway map of India with the Golden Quadrilateral highlighted in solid blue colour
| length_km = 5846
| section1 = [[Kolkata]] – [[Delhi]]
| length_km1 = 1453
| section2 = [[Delhi]] – [[Mumbai]]
| length_km2 = 1419
| section3 = [[Mumbai]] – [[Chennai]]
| length_km3 = 1290
| section4 = [[Chennai]] – [[Kolkata]]
| length_km4 = 1684
| junction1 = {{Jct|country=IND|NH|44}} & {{Jct|country=IND|NH|19}}
| junction2 = {{Jct|country=IND|NH|48}}
| junction3 = {{Jct|country=IND|NH|48}}
| junction4 = {{Jct|country=IND|NH|16}}
}}
[[File:Rps20160709 141628.jpg|thumb|[[Vijayawada]]–[[Guntur]] Expressway section of NH-16]]
[[File:HIghway Chennai Bangalore.jpg|right|thumb|A section of the Golden Quadrilateral highway from Chennai–Mumbai phase]]
[[File:NH46 Highway India.jpg|thumb|NH46: Bengaluru–Chennai section of India's 4-lane Golden Quadrilateral highway]]
[[File:National Highway 16 (old NH 5) at Visakhapatnam.jpg|thumb|NH 16 another section of Golden Quadrilateral highway in Visakhapatnam on the Kolkata–Chennai section]]
[[File:Durgapur Xpressway.jpg|thumb|Kolkata–Durgapur section of India's GQ highway]]
[[File:Nh76.jpg|thumb|NH4: Chennai–Bengaluru section of Tamil Nadu

Q highway near Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu]]
The '''Golden Quadrilateral''' ({{lang-hi|स्वर्णिम चतुर्भुज|Svarnim Chaturbhuj}}; abbreviated '''GQ''') is a national highway network connecting most of the major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India. It forms a [[quadrilateral]] connecting the four major metro cities of India, viz., [[Delhi]] (north), [[Kolkata]] (east), [[Mumbai]] (west) and [[Chennai]] (south). Other cities connected by this network include [[Ahmedabad]], [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[Balasore]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Cuttack]], [[Berhampur]], [[Durgapur]], [[Jaipur]], [[Kanpur]], [[Pune]], [[Kolhapur]], [[Surat]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Ajmer]], [[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]], [[Bodhgaya]], [[Varanasi]], [[Allahabad]], [[Agra]], [[Mathura]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Gandhinagar]], [[Udaipur]], and [[Vadodara]]. The main objective of these super highways is to reduce the distance and time between the four mega cities of India. The North-South corridor linking Srinagar(Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu ),and East-West corridor linking Silchar(Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat) are part of this project.These highway projects are implemented by the National Highway Authority Of India(NHAI).
At {{convert|5846|km}}, it is the largest [[highway]] project in India and the fifth longest in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-images-worlds-10-longest-highways/20140122.htm#5|title=World's 10 longest highways}}</ref> It is the first phase of the [[National Highways Development Project]] (NHDP), and consists of four and six-lane express highways, built at a cost of {{INRConvert|600|b}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nhai.org/roadnetwork.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-07-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414094555/http://www.nhai.org/roadnetwork.htm |archive-date=14 April 2015 |df=dmy }} Road network-Source-The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)</ref> The project was planned in 1999, launched in 2001, and was completed in 2013.<ref>[http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/golden-quadrilateral-highway-network Golden Quadrilateral Highway Network]. Road Traffic Technology (2011-06-15). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.</ref>

The Golden Quadrilateral project is managed by the [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI) under the [[Government of India#The Union Ministries|Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways]]. The vast majority of the system is not [[Limited-access road|access controlled]], although safety features such as guardrails, shoulders, and high-visibility signs are in use. The [[Mumbai–Pune Expressway]], the first [[controlled-access]] [[toll road]] to be built in India, is a part of the GQ Project but not funded by NHAI, and is separate from the old Mumbai–Pune section of [[National Highway 48 (India)]]. [[Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services]] (IL&FS) has been one of the major contributors to the infrastructural development activity in the GQ project.{{citation needed lead|date=February 2021}}

== History and costs ==

The Golden Quadrilateral Project (GQ Project) was intended to establish faster transport networks between major cities and ports, provide smaller towns better access to markets, reduce agricultural spoilage in transport, drive economical growth, and promote truck transport.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] laid the foundation stone for the project on 6 January 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=Building India's National Pride: The Golden Quadrilateral| url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2003/fapr2003/f020420031.html}}</ref> It was planned to be completed by 2006, but there were delays due to land acquisition constraints and disputes with contractors which had to be renegotiated.<ref name="financialexpress">{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=100459|title=Golden Quadrilateral still has miles to go|publisher=Financial Express}}</ref><ref name="forbes_india">{{cite web|url=http://business.in.com/article/briefing/crossing-the-chasm/4202/1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925032101/http://business.in.com/article/briefing/crossing-the-chasm/4202/1|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-09-25|author=R. N. Bhaskar|work=Forbes India|title=Crossing the chasm}}</ref>

India's government had initially estimated that the Golden Quadrilateral project would cost {{INRConvert|600|b}} at 1999 prices. However, the highway was built under-budget. As of August 2011, the cost incurred by the Indian government was about half of the initial estimate, at {{INRConvert|308.58|b}}. The eight contracts in progress, as of August 2011, were worth {{INRConvert|16.34|b}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Contractors take the sheen off Golden Quadrilateral |publisher=The Financial Express |date=3 August 2011 |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/contractors-take-the-sheen-off-golden-quadrilateral/826471/0 |url-status=dead |df=dmy |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731160327/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/contractors-take-the-sheen-off-golden-quadrilateral/826471/0 |archive-date=31 July 2012 }}</ref>{{update inline|date=September 2018}}

In January 2012, India announced the four-lane GQ highway network as complete.<ref>{{cite web|title=Govt declares Golden Quadrilateral complete|publisher=The Indian Express|date=7 January 2012|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Govt-declares-Golden-Quadrilateral-complete/896873/}}</ref><ref name="nhai_progress">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhai.org/gqmain_english.htm|title=National Highways Development Project Map|publisher=National Highways Institute of India|access-date=5 December 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034111/http://www.nhai.org/gqmain_english.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2009, it was announced that the existing four-laned highways would be converted into six-lane highways.<ref name="nh_expansion">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/09/21/india-ambassador-shankar-business-emerging-markets-economy.html|title=Ambassador: Indian Economy Will Grow|author=Megha Bahree|work=Forbes|date=21 September 2009}}</ref> Sections of [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|NH 2]], NH 4, NH 5 and [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|NH 8]] were prioritized for widening to six lanes under DBFO (Design, Build, Finance, Operate) pattern and more sections would be six-laned in the future. On NH 8 six-lane work was completed from [[Vadodara]] to [[Surat]].{{when|date=September 2018}}{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

{| class = "wikitable"
|-
!{{abbr|No.|number}} || Segment || Length || Completed || Source<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Govt-declares-Golden-Quadrilateral-complete/896873/ Govt. of India declares "Golden Quadrilateral" complete - Jan 7th 2012]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nhai.org/goldenquadrilateral.asp |title=NHAI - Current status |access-date=2 December 2009 |archive-date=29 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129032529/http://www.nhai.org/goldenquadrilateral.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 1. || Delhi–Kolkata || {{convert|1453|km|mi|abbr=on}} || 31 August 2011 || [http://www.nhai.org/NH2_Delhi_Kolkata_english.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801173715/http://www.nhai.org/NH2_Delhi_Kolkata_english.htm |date=1 August 2009 }}
|-
| 2. || Chennai–Mumbai || {{convert|1290|km|mi|abbr=on}} || 31 August 2011 || [http://www.nhai.org/NH4_Mumbai_Chennai_english.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804024702/http://www.nhai.org/NH4_Mumbai_Chennai_english.htm |date=4 August 2009 }}
|-
| 3. || Kolkata–Chennai || {{convert|1684|km|mi|abbr=on}} || 31 May 2013 || [http://www.nhai.org/NH5_Kolkata_chennai_english.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723165747/http://www.nhai.org/NH5_Kolkata_chennai_english.htm |date=23 July 2009 }}
|-
| 4. || Mumbai–Delhi || {{convert|1419|km|mi|abbr=on}} || 31 August 2011 || [http://www.nhai.org/NH8_Delhi_Mumbai_english.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628073117/http://nhai.org/NH8_Delhi_Mumbai_english.htm |date=28 June 2009 }}
|-
| || '''Total''' || '''{{convert|5846|km|mi|abbr=on}}''' || 31 May 2013 || [http://www.nhai.org/goldenquadrilateral.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129032529/http://www.nhai.org/goldenquadrilateral.asp |date=29 November 2009 }}
|}

== Route ==

Only [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]] are used in the Golden Quadrilateral. The four legs use the following National Highways (new numbering system):

* Delhi – Kolkata: [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] from Delhi to Agra & [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] from Agra to Kolkata
* Delhi – Mumbai – Chennai: [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]]
* Kolkata – Chennai: [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]]

== Connected cities ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Delhi–Kolkata
! Kolkata–Chennai
! Chennai–Mumbai
! Mumbai–Delhi
|-
| valign=top |

* [[Delhi]]
* [[Faridabad]]
* [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]]
* [[Agra]]
* [[Firozabad]]
* [[Etawah]]
* [[Kanpur]]
* [[Fatehpur district]]
* [[Allahabad]]
* [[Varanasi]]
* [[Chandauli]]
* [[Mohania]]
* [[Kudra]]
* [[Sasaram]]
* [[Dehri]]
* [[Aurangabad, Bihar|Aurangabad (Bihar)]]
* [[Sherghati]]
* [[Dobhi]]
* [[Chauparan]]
* [[Barhi, Jharkhand|Barhi]]
* [[Bagodar]]
* [[Dhanbad]]
* [[Asansol]]
* [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]]
* [[Bardhaman]]
* [[Kolkata]]

| valign=top |

* [[Kolkata]]
* [[Kharagpur]]
* [[Balasore]]
* [[Cuttack]]
* [[Bhubaneswar]]
* [[Berhampur|Berhampur (Brahmapur)]]
* [[Srikakulam]]
* [[Visakhapatnam]]
* [[Rajahmundry]]
* [[Eluru]]
* [[Vijayawada]]
* [[Guntur]]
* [[Ongole]]
* [[Kavali]]
* [[Nellore]]
* [[Chennai]]

| valign=top |

* [[Chennai]]
* [[Sriperumbudur]]
* [[Kanchipuram]]
* [[Ranipet]]
* [[Vellore]]
* [[Pallikonda]]
* [[Ambur]]
* [[Vaniyambadi]]
* [[Krishnagiri]]
* [[Hosur]]
* [[Bengaluru]]
* [[Tumakuru]]
* [[Sira, India|Sira]]
* [[Chitradurga]]
* [[Davangere]]
* [[Ranebennur]]
* [[Hubballi-Dharwad]]
* [[Belagavi]]
* [[Kolhapur]]
* [[Karad]]
* [[Satara (city)|Satara]]
* [[Pune]]
* [[Panvel]]
* [[Mumbai]]

| valign=top |

* [[Mumbai]]
* [[Silvassa]]
* [[Vapi]]
* [[Valsad]]
* [[Navsari]]
* [[Surat]]
* [[Bharuch]]
* [[Ankleshwar]]
* [[Vadodara]]
* [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]
* [[Nadiad]]
* [[Ahmedabad]]
* [[Gandhinagar]]
* [[Udaipur]]
* [[Chittaurgarh]]
* [[Ajmer]]
* [[Jaipur]]
* [[Gurgaon]]
* [[Delhi]]

|}

== Length in each state ==

The completed Golden Quadrilateral passes through 12 states and a union territory:

* [[Andhra Pradesh]] – {{convert|1014|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Uttar Pradesh]] – {{convert|756|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Rajasthan]] – {{convert|725|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Karnataka]] – {{convert|623|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Maharashtra]] – {{convert|487|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Gujarat]] – {{convert|485|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Odisha]] – {{convert|440|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[West Bengal]] – {{convert|406|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Tamil Nadu]] – {{convert|342|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Bihar]] – {{convert|204|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Jharkhand]] – {{convert|192|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Haryana]] – {{convert|152|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* [[Delhi]] – {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* Total – {{convert|5846|km|mi|abbr=on}}

== Corruption allegations ==
{{Main|Satyendra Dubey}}

In August 2003, [[Jharkhand]]-based project director [[Satyendra Dubey]], in a letter to the prime minister, outlined a list of [[bad faith]] (''mala fide'') actions in a segment of a highway in [[Bihar]]. Dubey's claims included that big contractors had inside information from NHAI officials,<ref name="rediff2003">[http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/dec/05bihar1.htm] Bihar govt wakes up to IITian's murder-Source-Rediff News</ref> that the contractors for this stretch were not executing the project themselves (as stipulated in the contract) but had subcontracting the work to small builders who lacked technical expertise,<ref name="rediff2003" /> and that no follow-up was performed after awarding advances.<ref name="rediff2003" /> Dubey's name was leaked by the prime minister's office to the NHAI,<ref name="rediff2003" /> and he was transferred against his wishes to [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Bihar]], where he was murdered on 27 November.<ref name="rediff2003" />

The NHAI eventually admitted that Dubey's allegations were substantiated, and implemented "radical reforms" in the selection and contract procedures.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/full_story.php?content_id=78880] NHAI report to CBI proves Dubey right, contract rules being rewritten-Source-Indian Express</ref> After considerable [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] scrutiny, Mantu Kumar and three accomplices were arrested and charged with murder. Mantu escaped from court on 19 September 2005,<ref name="rediff2005">[http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/13dubey.htm] Whistleblower in the 2004 National Highway Authority of India case escaped from police custody on Tuesday in Patna-Source-Rediff News</ref> but was recaptured a month later. In 2010, Mantu and two others were convicted of murder and other offenses and sentenced to life in prison.<ref>[http://news.oneindia.in/2010/03/27/satyendranath-dubey-killers-get-life-imprisonment.html] Satyendranath Dubey killers get life imprisonment-Source-Oneindia. com</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Transport|Roads|Railways}}
; Similar rail development
* [[Future of rail transport in India]], rail development

; Similar roads development
* [[Bharatmala]]
** [[Diamond Quadrilateral]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
** [[National Highways Development Project]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
** [[North-South and East-West Corridor]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
* [[India-China Border Roads]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
* [[Expressways of India]]
* [[Setu Bharatam]], river road bridge development in India

; Similar ports and river transport development
* [[Indian Rivers Inter-link]]
* [[List of National Waterways in India]]
* [[Sagar Mala project]], national water port development connectivity scheme

; Similar air transport development
* [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]]
* [[UDAN]], national airport development connectivity scheme

; Highways in India
* [[List of National Highways in India by highway number]]
* [[List of National Highways in India]]

; General
* [[Transport in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* ''[http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/10/india-highway/belt-text Fast Lane to the Future]'', Don Belt. ''[[National Geographic Magazine|National Geographic]]'', October, 2008.

== External links ==

* [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/04/international/asia/04highway.html?ex=1291352400&en=d77dd2ca4f760ef0&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=all 'Mile by Mile, India Paves a Smoother Future'] – extremely detailed ''New York Times'' article, dated 4 December 2005 (''free registration required'')
* [http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=100459 "''Golden Quadrilateral still has miles to go''"] – [[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]] article dated 26 August 2005
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160611061444/http://www.nhai.org/ Official website of the National Highways Authority of India]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034111/http://www.nhai.org/gqmain_english.htm Map of GQ progress on the NHAI website]
* [http://www.morth.nic.in Ministry of Road Transport]


{{Indian Highways Network}}

[[Category:Golden Quadrilateral| ]]
[[Category:Proposed roads in India]]
[[Category:Vajpayee administration initiatives]]
[[Category:National highways in India]]
[[Category:Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in India]]

Golden Quadrilateral - Revision history

Nawraj: rework intro and fixed typos based on references

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

->CodeTalker: Reverted 1 edit by 150.129.44.138 (talk): Editing test