Bhatti21: fixed structure

2026-01-15T21:13:53Z

fixed structure

->TheBirdsShedTears: ce / fix incorrect caps / wikilink / de-link "Pakistani"

2021-10-25T12:08:41Z

ce / fix incorrect caps / wikilink / de-link "Pakistani"

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{{Short description|Pakistani politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gohar Ayub Khan گوہر ایوب خان
| image = Gohar Ayub Khan (cropped).jpg
| caption = Gohar Ayub Khan in 2004
| office = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| primeminister = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
| term_start = 25 February 1997
| term_end = 7 August 1998
| predecessor = [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]] (Acting)
| successor = [[Sartaj Aziz]]
| office1 = 14th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker of the National Assembly]]
| deputy1 = [[M. Nawaz Khokhar|Nawaz Khokhar]]
| term_start1 = 4 November 1990
| term_end1 = 17 October 1993
| predecessor1 = [[Malik Meraj Khalid]]
| successor1 = [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|1|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Rehana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Rehana]], [[British Raj|British India]] ([[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Pakistani
| party = [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Pakistan Muslim League- Nawaz]] (1988–present)
| otherparty = [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad|Islamic Democratic Alliance]] (1988–1990) [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (Before 1977) [[Tehrik-e-Istiqlal]] (1977–1985) [[Pakistan Muslim League (F)|Pakistan Muslim League- Functional]] (1985–1988)
| alma_mater = [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]
| nickname = Kaptaan
| allegiance = {{PAK}}
| branch = {{army|PAK}}
| serviceyears = 1957–1962
| rank = [[Captain (OF-2)|Captain]]
| unit = 1/14 Punjab
| battles = [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état]]
| children = [[Omar Ayub Khan]]
| father = [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]]
}}

'''Gohar Ayub Khan''' ({{lang-ur|گوہر ایوب خان}}; born 15 January 1937) is a Pakistani politician, [[business oligarch]], retired [[army officer]], and conservative figure of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Pakistan Muslim League]], who held ministerial positions during the administration of prime minister [[Nawaz Sharif]].

Gohar Ayub Khan hails from the village of [[Rehana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Rehana]], located in the [[Haripur District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|province]] and belongs to the [[Tareen]] tribe of ethnic [[Pashtuns]]. He is fluent in [[Hindko]] and [[Pashto]]. He is the son of former [[President of Pakistan|president]] and [[Field marshal (Pakistan)|field marshal]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 presidential election]]. Educated at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], after graduation Gohar Ayub Khan was commissioned in the [[Pakistan Army]] in 1959. During his military service he served as his father's [[aide-de-camp]], travelling with him on several foreign trips. Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of [[Captain (army)|captain]], he established a business conglomerate and entered in politics in 1974.

He first contested the [[1977 Pakistani general election|1977 general election]] through the [[Tehrik-e-Istiqlal|Independence Movement]] platform, but later joined the [[Islamic Democratic Alliance]] (IDA) in 1988. After the [[1990 Pakistani general election|1990 general election]] he was appointed as the [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan#List of Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|fourteenth]] [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|speaker]] of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]. He became the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)#List of Foreign Ministers of Pakistan|20th]] [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|minister of Foreign Affairs]] after securing his seat with a heavy margin in the [[1997 Pakistani general election|1997 general election]]. Later he shifted to the energy department, serving as [[Minister for Water and Power]] beginning 7 August 1998. His term abruptly ended on 12 October 1999, by General Pervez Musharraf, and he subsequently retired from national politics.

==Early life and military career==
Gohar Ayub Khan was born in the village of [[Rehana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Rehana]], in [[Haripur District]] during the [[British Raj]] in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North-West Frontier Province]] (present day [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]) into a military family on 15 January 1937.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group">{{cite web|last=Raman |first=B |title=Campaign against Field Marshal Sam |url=http://southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers23%5Cpaper2237.html |publisher=South Asia Analysis Group |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613040928/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers23/paper2237.html |archive-date=13 June 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> Although a [[Hindko]] speaker, Gohar Ayub is fluent in his native language [[Pashto]] and comes from a [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] family that belongs to the [[Tareen]] tribe of [[Pashtuns]]. His father, [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]], was a senior commanding officer in the [[British Army]] and later ascended to staff and field operational assignments in the [[Pakistan Army]]. Ayub Khan subsequently became [[President of Pakistan|President]] of Pakistan through a bloodless military coup that commenced in 1958.

Gohar Ayub was sent to study at the military-controlled [[Army Burn Hall College]] and eventually moved on to attend [[St Mary's College, Rawalpindi|Saint Mary's Academy]], a private school in [[Rawalpindi]].<ref name="Mera Haripur">{{cite web|last=PR|title=Gohar Ayub Khan|url=http://meraharipur.com/Personalities/Political/Gohar_Ayub_Khan.html|publisher=Mera Haripur|access-date=26 May 2012}}</ref> Gohar Ayub joined the [[Pakistan Army]] in 1957, and trained at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Mera Haripur"/> Upon his return from the UK, he began serving active duty with the Pakistan Army and started to work on staff appointments. In 1958 he began to serve as his father's [[aide-de-camp]], travelling with him on several foreign trips throughout Europe, the Americas, the Soviet Union and Asia.<ref name="Mera Haripur"/> He did not rise beyond the rank of [[Captain (army)|Captain]] during his time in the army, despite his father's support.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group"/> In his army records, there are allegations of professional and behavioral misconduct.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group"/>

Gohar Ayub was prematurely given retirement in 1962 by the Army's Promotion Branch, despite his father's efforts to stop the investigations against his son. After his early retirement he and his father-in-law, General (retired) [[Habibullah Khan Khattak|Habibullah Khan]] established a private industrial firm, the Universal Insurance Co. Ltd.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group"/>

==Politics==

===Business wealth and net worth===
Gohar Ayub co-established an industrial firm under the business umbrella of Universal Insurance company Limited, founded by his father-in-law.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000">{{cite book|last=Rizvi|first=Hassan Askari|title=The military and politics|year=2000|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000|location=Lahore, Pakistan|isbn=9789693511482|pages=164–382|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMreAAAAMAAJ&q=gohar+ayub+khan}}</ref> During a short span of time, Ayub Khan intensified pro-Western and pro-Capitalism policies, and Gohar Ayub emerged as a powerful business oligarch.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000"/> There is no evidence that suggests Gohar Ayub secured all these positions with the consent of his father.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000"/> In 1969, a Western commentator estimated Gohar Ayub's personal wealth at $4 million, while his family's wealth was put in the range of $10–20 million.<ref name="ReferenceA">Pick, Franz, World Currency report. April 1969</ref>
In 2016 it has been said his personal wealth has become $15 million.

=== Role in the 1965 presidential election===
Gohar Ayub reportedly played an influential, but controversial, role in [[Karachi]] after his father's election in the allegedly rigged [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 Presidential election]] against [[Fatima Jinnah]].<ref name="Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services">{{cite web|agency=Associated Press |title=Pakistan's Chief son is called Killer |url=http://criticalppp.com/archives/9407 |work=1965 |publisher=Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328043751/http://criticalppp.com/archives/9407 |archive-date=28 March 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> Gohar Ayub is said to have led a victory parade right into the heartland of opposition territory in [[Karachi]]. This move led to fierce clashes between rival political groups.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080526141535/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,941860,00.html?iid=chix-sphere A Sorry Beginning – Time], Retrieved 25 August 2015</ref><ref>[http://pkpolitics.com/discuss/topic/who-did-the-massacre-of-january-4-1965-in-karachi Who did the Massacre of 4 January 1965 in Karachi]</ref><ref>[http://mqmhistory.wordpress.com/2013/08/14/the-great-muhajir-massacre-of-1965/ The Great Muhajir Massacre of 1965]</ref><ref>Mazari, Sherbaz 1999. A journey into disillusionment. Oxford University Press</ref> Gohar Ayub also faced criticism during that time on questions of family corruption and [[cronyism]] through his business links with his father-in-law.<ref name="Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services"/>

===Speaker of the National Assembly===
Gohar Ayub had been a long-standing member of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Pakistan Muslim League]] and was elected five times to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] from his home constituency. He first successfully contested a presidential election in March 1965 on a [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|Muslim League]] platform. In 1977, he contested the National Assembly seat from Peshawar Jail and was elected on the ticket of [[Asghar Khan]]'s [[Tehrik-e-Istiqlal|Independence Movement]] party, defeating the candidate Akhtar Nawaz Khan of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party|Pakistan People's Party]].

After successfully contesting the [[1990 Pakistani general election|1990 general election]], Gohar Ayub was appointed as the 14th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker]] of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] on 4 November 1990, remaining until 1993. He was succeeded by [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]] (later Prime minister) after the [[1993 Pakistani general election|1993 general election]]. Gohar Ayub also served as senior vice-president of the Pakistan Muslim League from 1990 to 1993. After his re-election in 1993, Gohar Ayub became deputy leader of the opposition in the National Assembly.

===Foreign affairs and water and power ministry===
After securing a heavy mandate from his constituency, Gohar Ayub was appointed as the 20th [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] in 1997 by Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]]. Gohar Ayub publicly backed Prime Minister Sharif in authorizing a nuclear testing programme in response to [[Pokhran-II|India's nuclear test]] in May 1998.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998">{{cite web|last=Sublette|first=Carey|title=Initial Reactions|url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaShakti.html|work=30 March 2001|publisher=Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998|access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref> Although the prime minister was much more subdued, Gohar Ayub reportedly issued hostile statements and began to call for atomic tests in response to India.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998"/> He prematurely issued media reports to the [[Media of Pakistan|media]], which reportedly displeased the prime minister.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998"/>

On 7 August 1998, Gohar Ayub was replaced by economic minister [[Sartaj Aziz]] (who put forth efforts to make peace between India and Pakistan), and was reassigned as [[Minister for Water and Power]], a position he filled until he was ousted and forced to resign on [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|12 October 1999]] as a result of a [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military coup]] commenced by General [[Pervez Musharraf]].

Gohar Ayub's relationship with Nawaz Sharif eventually became strained, causing Gohar Ayub to leave the Pakistan Muslim League in 1999. Gohar Ayub defected to the Pakistan Muslim League's [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|splinter group]] in 2001. He was appointed as the first secretary general of the party. Unable to contest the 2002 election because of a graduation degree restriction introduced by Pervez Musharraf, Gohar Ayub instead endorsed and provide vital support to his family. His younger son, [[Omar Ayub Khan]], won his [[Haripur District]] seat, while his wife Zeb Gohar Ayub was elected MNA on the reserved women seats. To date, Gohar Ayub's strongest political opponent in his constituency has been former Chief Minister [[Raja Sikander Zaman]].

===Business===

Gohar Ayub Khan still serves as Chief Executive of Universal Insurance and is on the board of several other companies in his in laws the Khan Khattak family's corporation the [[Bibojee Group]].<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/business-leaders/Gohar-Ayub-Khan-0GQL42-E/biography/ Market Screener: Business Leaders: Gohar Ayub Khan]</ref>

==Post-retirement and controversies==
After his retirement from national politics in 2002, Gohar Ayub wrote ''Glimpses into the Corridors of Power'' and published his father's diary.<ref>Khan, Ayub (26 April 2007) Diaries of Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, 1966–1972. OUP Pakistan {{ISBN|0-19-547442-2}}</ref> He opposed the proposal to rename the NWFP to [[Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]], while supporting the creation of a separate [[Hazara District|Hazara]] province.

==Books==
* ''Glimpses into the corridor of power'', Karachi : Oxford University Press, 2007, 354 p. Autobiography.
* ''Testing times as foreign minister'', Islamabad : Dost Publications, 2009, 352 p. Autobiography.
* ''Shikar in the days gone by'', Islamabad : Dost Publications, 2009, 148 p. On [[hunting]].
* ''Aivan-i iqtidar ke mushahidat'', Lahore : Sang-e-Mil Publications, 2018, 364 p. Autobiography.

==See also==
* [[Omar Ayub Khan]]
* [[Iskander Mirza]]

==External links==
* [http://uic.com.pk/index.php/board-of-directors/ Universal Insurance: Board of Directors]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Malik Meraj Khalid]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker of the National Assembly]]|years=1990–1993}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Yousaf Raza Gillani]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]] Acting}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]|years=1997–1998}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sartaj Aziz]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Foreign Minister of Pakistan}}
{{Speaker National Assembly Pakistan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayub Khan, Gohar}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Ayub Khan family|Gohar]]
[[Category:Foreign Ministers of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Hindkowan people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nawaz Sharif administration]]
[[Category:Pakistan Army officers]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians]]
[[Category:Pakistani chief executives]]
[[Category:Pakistani industrialists]]
[[Category:People from Haripur District]]
[[Category:Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Children of national leaders]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Children of presidents of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1977]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1990–1993]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1993–1996]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1997–1999]]
[[Category:Army Burn Hall College alumni]]

Gohar Ayub Khan - Revision history

Bhatti21: fixed structure

->TheBirdsShedTears: ce / fix incorrect caps / wikilink / de-link "Pakistani"