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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}
'''[[Goan Catholics|Goan Catholic]] literature''' is diverse.

== Missionary literature ==
{{See also|Christianization of Goa}}
[[File:Doutrina Christam (book of Stephens, 1622).jpg|thumb|200px|Cover of ''Doutrina Christam'' by [[Thomas Stephens (missionary)|Fr. Thomas Stephens]], published work in Konkani, and any Indian language]]
The indigenous population of the erstwhile overseas [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colony of Goa underwent a large scale [[Roman Catholicism in Goa|conversion to Roman Catholicism]] after its conquest and occupation by the [[Portuguese Empire]], which was led by the famous voyager and adventurer [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] on 25 February 1510.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mendonça|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Mh3kKf0VSfQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q=&f=false 67]}}</ref> It was necessary for Catholic missionaries to learn the local [[Konkani language]] in order to carry out [[Evangelization|evangelic]] activities. Hence, during the 16th and 18th century, Catholic missionaries and priests contributed a lot for Goan Catholic literature by composing and publishing books in Konkani, as manual of devotion for converts.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mendonça|2002|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Mh3kKf0VSfQC&lpg=PA147&pg=PA146#v=twopage&q=&f=false 146–147]}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Borges|Feldmann|1997|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=fWlMV5lVSpYC&lpg=PA188&pg=PA188#v=onepage&q=&f=false 188]}}</ref>

The origin of their literature dates to 1563 when the first Konkani grammar was published by Fr.Andre Vaz at St.Paulo College at [[Old Goa]]. Konkani language had its first ''Konkani-Portuguese dictionary'' in 1567. Missionary priests of [[Rachol Seminary]] compiled the first ever dictionary in any Indian language giving 15000 Konkani words and their vocables in Portuguese.<ref name="gka">{{cite web
|url=http://www.goakonkaniakademi.org/konkaniweb/language-literature.htm
|title=Konkani Language and Literature
|publisher=[[Goa Konkani Akademi]]
|accessdate=2008-09-14
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828171254/http://www.goakonkaniakademi.org/konkaniweb/language-literature.htm
|archivedate=28 August 2008
|df=dmy
}}</ref> Konkani was known as ''Canarim'' in early Portuguese writings on Goa.<ref name="desoz196"/> In 1622, [[Thomas Stephens (Jesuit)|Thomas Stephens]] (1549–1619) an English Jesuit published ''[[Doutrina Christam em Lingoa Bramana Canarim|Doutrina Christam em lingoa Bramana Canarim, ordenada a maneira de dialogo, pera ensinar os mininos, por Thomas Estevao, Collegio de Rachol 1622]]'' (Christian Doctrines in the Canarese Brahmin Language, arranged in dialogue to teach children, by Fr. Thomas Stephens, College of Rachol, 1622) which was the first book in Konkani and any Indian language.<ref>{{harvnb|Saradesāya|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&lpg=PA40&dq=Doutrina%20christam%20em%20lingoa%20bramana%20canarim%3A%20ordenada%20a%20maneira%20de%20di%C3%A1logo%2C&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q=&f=false 40]}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Lal|1992|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&printsec=frontcover#PPA4182,M1 4182]}}</ref> Mariano Saldhana published a facsimile edition of this book entitled as ''Doutrina Cristâ em lingua Concani pot Tomás Estévão'' in 1945. Thomas Stephens also published the ''Arte da Lingoa Canarim'' (A Grammar of Konkani, 1640), with its second edition the ''Gramatica da Lingua Concani Composta Pelo Padre Thomas Estevão'' (A Grammar of Konkani language composed by Fr. Thomas Stephens) published in 1856.<ref name="mir2003"/><ref name="geo207"/> and ''Declaraçam da Doutrina Christam'' (Exposition of Christian Doctrine in Konkani, 1632) in Goa.<ref name="desoz196"/><ref name="geo206">{{Harvnb|Sardessai|1992|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA206#v=onepage&q=&f=false 206]}}</ref> Jesuit missionaries also produced works during the 17th century in a mix of Marathi and Konkani like the ''[[Krista Purana]]'' (The Christian Purânna) in 1616, 1649, and 1654, but no copies of any of these editions are extant. The ‘Krista Purana’ (The Christian Purânna) is a Marathi-Konkani metrical composition, consisting of 10,962 strophes; divided into two parts treating of the Old and the New Testament respectively. ''[[Paixao de Cristo]]'' (Passion of Christ) known as ''Christi Vilapika'' in Marathi, written by during the 17th century in Marathi language and [[Konkani in the Roman script|Roman script]], based on sublime pathos of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the ''Chilayabal Vilapika''.<ref>{{Citation
|last=Tadkodkar
|first=S.M.
|year=2010
|title=Goan Christian Marathi Vilapika : During the 17th Century
|url=https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no63413.htm
|isbn=978-81-7646-498-7
|oclc=460868037
|publisher=B.R. Pub.}}.</ref>

In 1626, Diogo Reberio (1560–1633), a Portuguese Jesuit, compiled the ''Vocabulario da lingoa Canarim'' (A Vocabulary of Konkani language) a Konkani-Portuguese and Portuguese-Konkani dictionary at [[Salcette]], Goa, its manuscript is found at the Central Library, [[Panjim]], Goa. It comprises 14,000 principal lexical entries.<ref name="desoz196">{{harvnb|Miranda|1985|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=yjXJOFEIIMkC&lpg=RA1-PA196&as_brr=0&pg=RA1-PA196#v=onepage&q=&f=false 196]}}</ref> It was in the form of three manuscripts, each different from the other. In 1973, Junta de Investigações do Ultramar published in [[Lisbon]] a seventeenth-century Konkani dictionary called ''Vocabulario da Lingoa Canarina Com versam Portugueza'', which is a revised and enlarged version of Reberio's ''Vocabulario''.<ref name="desoz197">{{harvnb|Miranda|1985|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=yjXJOFEIIMkC&lpg=RA1-PA196&as_brr=0&pg=RA1-PA197#v=onepage&q=&f=false 197]}}</ref> A manuscript at the Ajuda library in Lisbon entitled ''Vocabulario (Canarim) da lingoa da Terra, Composto pelo Padre Diogo Reberio da Comphania de Jesu do uzo do Padre Amaro de Azevedo tresladado a sua custa'' also based on Reberio's ''Vocabulario''. In 1982, professor L.A. Rodrigues of [[Santa Cruz, Goa]] discovered the ''Vocabulario da lingoa Canarim, feito pellos Padres da Comphania de Jesus que residião da Christandade de Salcete e novamente acressentado com varios de falar pelo Padre Diogo Reberio de Comphania. Anno 1626''. However it does not differ from the Central Library ''Vocabulario'' copy and hence is considered the second copy of Reberio's ''Vocabulario''.<ref name="desoz197"/> Christovão de Jesus wrote the ''Grammatica da Bramana'' (1635).<ref name="mir2003">{{harvnb|Miranda|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&lpg=PA729&pg=PA764#v=onepage&q=&f=false 764]}}</ref>

In 1857 [[Joaquim Heliodoró da Cunha Rivara|Dr. Joaquim Heliodoró da Cunha Rivara]] (1800–79) published the ''Ensiao Historico da Lingua Concani'' (Historical Essay on Konkani language).<ref name="geo206"/> Mgr [[Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado]] (1855–1922) produced works such as ''A Konkani-Portuguese, Philological and Etmological Dictionary'' (1893), ''A Portuguese-Konkani Dictionary'' (1905), ''A Bouquet of Konkani Proverbs'' (1922) and the unpublished ''A Grammar of Konkani language'' (1922),<ref>{{Harvnb|Datta|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&lpg=PA1479&pg=PA1479#v=onepage&q=&f=false 1479]}}</ref> with its manuscript preserved in the Central Library, Panjim.<ref name="geo207">{{Harvnb|Sardessai|1992|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA207#v=onepage&q=&f=false 207]}}</ref> Gaspar De Sam Miguel's undated ''Sintaxis Copiozissima na Lingua Brahmana e Polida'' with its manuscript in the [[University of London]]. In Goa, ''Amcho Soddvonddar'' (Our Saviour, Jesus the Messiah, 1952) was popular.<ref name="sar110"/> In Goa, the [[Salesians]] started ''Aitarachem Vachop'', a Konkani weekly.<ref name="Gmor"/>

== Other literature ==
[[File:Roman script Konkani.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Devanagari]] script is the official script for Koṅkaṇī, although the [[Roman script]] is used for religious and other purposes.]]

Goan Catholics have immensely contributed towards Media Activities in [[Goa]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]], and [[Karachi]]. In 1556, the first printing press was established in Goa and on 22 December 1821 the first periodical ''Gazeta de Goa'' (Goa Gazetteer), was published with Antonio Jose de Lima Leitao being its founder-editor. On 22 January 1900, the first Portuguese newspaper in Goa, ''[[O Heraldo]]'' was started by Prof. Messias Gomes, which was transformed into an English daily in 1987.<ref>{{Harvnb|Saradesāya|2000|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&pg=PA290&lpg=PA289&ots=Qr1ppP7nEt&dq=#PPA241,M1 241]}}</ref> Popular Konkani periodicals published in [[Goa]] include ''Amcho Ganv'' (1930) by Luis de Menezes,<ref name="N185"/> ''Amigo do Povo'' (People's friend, 1916) by S.X. Vaz, Antonio V. De Cruz's ''Ave Maria'' (1920), ''Amcho Sonvsar'' (Our World, 1928) by J.C.F de Souza, ''Goencho Porzoll'' (1982) by Joao Inacio de Souza, ''Goyche Xetkamoti'' (Goan Farmers) by J.A. Fernandes,<ref name="sar110">{{Harvnb|Saradesāya|2000|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&lpg=PP1&dq=A%20History%20of%20Konkani%20literature&pg=PA110#v=onepage&q=O%20Amigo&f=false 110]}}</ref> ''Sangatti'' (1934), a magazine by F.P. Martryer were published.<ref name="sar242"/> In 1911, the first Konkani novel ''Kristanv Ghorabo'' (Christian home) by Eduardo José Bruno de Souza was published.<ref name="sar102">{{Harvnb|Saradesāya|2000|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&printsec=frontcover#PPA102,M1 102]}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Sardessai|1992|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA208#v=onepage&q=Kristanv&f=false 208]}}</ref> His also produced various works such as ''Kristanvanchi Dotorn Goyenche Bhaxen'' (Christian doctrine in the language of Goa, 1897), ''Eva ani Mori'' ([[Eve]] and [[Mother Mary|Mary]], 1899), ''Piedade Saibinichim ani sabar dusrim Gaenam'' (Our Lady of Piety Hymns and Several Others, 1901), ''Primeira Cartilha do Alphabeto Mariano'' (First book of Marian Alphabet, 1905), ''Monti Saibinichim ani sabar dusrim Gaenam'' (Our Lady of Mount's hymns and several others), ''Ressurecção do Concani'' (Resurrection of Konkani), ''Khuxalponnacho ghorabo and Ponchtis Kunvor'' (Happy family and thirty five princes), and ''Sorgacho Thevo'' (Treasure of Heaven).<ref name="sar102"/> According to R. Kelkar author of ''A Bibliography of Konkani literature in Devnargri, Roman and Kannada characters'' (1963) lists that there are over 1000 Goan Catholic Konkani works in Roman script.<ref>{{harvnb|Miranda|2001|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tcfJY7kANo8C&lpg=PA48&dq=Rocky%20V.%20Miranda&lr=&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q=&f=false 53]}}</ref>

From 1892 to 1897, [[bilingual]] Konkani-Portuguese weeklies such as ''A Luz'', ''O Bombaim Esse'', ''O Luo'', ''O Intra Jijent'', ''O Opiniao Nacional'', while Konkani-English periodicals like ''Goa Mail'' (1919) by Dr. Vasco da Gama and F.X. Afonso, ''Goa Times'' (1919), which later only Konkani were published.<ref name="N184">{{Harvnb|Noronha|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=11rRjnzhJQIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PT184#v=onepage&q=&f=false 184]}}</ref> Popular Portuguese-Konkani periodicals included ''Porecho Adhar'' (1932) by Joseph Baptist Vaz and ''Padre Jose Vaz'' by Francis Xavier D'Costa.<ref name="N185"/> In 1919, ''Amigo do Povo'' (1916) and ''O Goano'' (1916) were combined and named ''O Amigo do Povo Goano''.<ref name="N184"/> Popular Konkani newspapers and magazines like ''Vauraddeancho Ixxt'' (The worker's friend, 1933) by Fr. Arcenio Fernandes and Fr. Graciano Gomes. It was then edited by L.A. Fernandes and later by Fr.Lactancio Almeida, while it is presently run by the [[Society of the Missionaries of St. Francis Xavier, Pilar]], Goa. Other newspapers included ''Konknni Bulletin'' by Antonio Vincente D'Cruz, ''Gulab'' and ''Goencho Avaz'', which became a fortnightly after one and a half year, by Fr. Freddy J. da Costa.<ref name="N185"/><ref name="N186">{{Harvnb|Noronha|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=11rRjnzhJQIC&printsec=frontcover#PPA186,M1 186]}}</ref>

After [[Liberation of Goa]], Felicio Cardoso started a weekly named ''Goencho Sad'' and later changed it to ''Sot''. In 1963, Ameterio Pais, started a weekly ''Uzvadd''. In 1967, two weeklies were ''Sot'' and ''A Vida'' were combined by Felicio Cardoso to form ''Divtti'', a daily, which he later transformed into a weekly ''Loksad''.<ref name="N186"/> Post-anexxion journalism flourished, through the advent of periodicals like ''Novo Uzvadd'' and ''Prokas'' by Evagrio Jorge, ''Goencho Avaz'', and later changed to ''Goenchem Kirnam'' (1980) by Fr. Planton Faria. Currently, the ''Goan Review'' is the only Konkani-English [[bimonthly]], operating from [[Mumbai]], edited by Fausto V. da Costa, and the ''Konkan Mail'' started from Panjim, with Cyril D'Cunha and Jose Salvador Fernandes editing the English and Konkani sections respectively.<ref name="N187">{{Harvnb|Noronha|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=11rRjnzhJQIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PT187#v=onepage&q=&f=false 187]}}</ref> Dacho Furtad introduced two new dictionaries, the ''New Konkani-English Pocket Dictionary'' (1930) and ''Concanim–Inglez Dicionar'' (Konkani-English Pocket Dictionary, 1999).

In [[Bombay]] Konkani periodicals such as ''O Concani'', a weekly by Sebastiāo Jesus Dias, ''Sanjechem Noketr'' (The Evening star) (1907) by B.F. Cabral, ''O Goano'' (1907) by Honarato Furtado and Francis Futardo, divide into three sections: Portuguese, Konkani and English, ''Popular Magazine'' by first as [[wikt:Monthly|monthly]] then a fortnightly and ''Ave Maria'' (1919), a Konkani-English-Portuguese [[trilingual]] edited by Antonio D'Cruz were published.<ref name="N185">{{Harvnb|Noronha|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=11rRjnzhJQIC&printsec=frontcover#PPA185,M1 185]}}</ref> In February 1899, ''Udentenchem Sallok'' (Lotus of the East), a Konkani-Portuguese bilingual by Eduardo J. Bruno de Souza, the first Konkani periodical was published as a [[biweekly|fortnightly]] in [[Poona]]. In [[Sholapur]], the first Konkani book in the Devanagri script ''Kristanv Doton ani Katisism'' (1894), by Dr. George Octaviano Pires was published.<ref name="Ntpratap">{{cite news
|url=http://www.navhindtimes.com/story.php?story=2008090520
|title=Long History of Romi Konkani
|date=5 September 2008
|accessdate=2008-12-10
|author= Pratap Naik
|newspaper=[[Navhind Times]]}}</ref> Other periodicals that took birth Bombay from 1936-50 included ''Udentechem Nektr'' (The Morning star), ''Niz Goa'', ''Jai Gomantak'', ''Gomant Bharti'', ''Voice of Goa'', ''Azad Goem'', ''Sot Uloi'', ''Porjecho Avaz'' and ''Ghe Uzvadd'' were published. Periodicals like ''Mhojem Magazin'', ''Catholic Indian'', ''Amcho Sonvsar'', ''Novo Jivit'', ''Goenkaracho Ixxt'', ''Porjecho Ulas'', ''Golden Goa'', ''Konkani Times'', ''Sontos'', ''Aitarachem Vachop'', ''O Heraldo'', ''Konknni Journal'' and ''Tujem Raj Amkam Ieum'' were circulated from Bombay.<ref name="N185"/> In [[Karachi]], Fr.Ludovico Pereria's [[wikt:Monthly|monthly]] ''Dor Mhoineachi Rotti'' (Monthly bread, 1915) was published.<ref name="Gmor">{{cite web|url=http://www.goajesuits.in/events/20071014morenodesouza.htm|title=Moreno de Souza SJ 1923-2007|publisher=[[Society of Jesus]], Goa|accessdate=2008-12-16}}</ref><ref name="sar242">{{Harvnb|Saradesāya|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&lpg=PA289&ots=Qr1ppP7nEt&pg=PA242#v=onepage&q=&f=false 242]}}</ref>

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{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Literature Of Goan Catholics}}
[[Category:Culture of Goa]]
[[Category:Christianity in Goa]]
[[Category:Goan Catholics| ]]

Goan Catholic literature - Revision history

>Citation bot: Alter: url, chapter-url. URLs might have been internationalized/anonymized. | You can use this bot yourself. Report bugs here. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | All pages linked from cached copy of User:AManWithNoPlan/sandbox2 | via #UCB_webform_linked 368/2015