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{{Short description|French economist, author and professor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gilbert Étienne
| image = Gilbert Etienne.jpg
| caption = Gilbert Étienne (left)
| birth_date = {{birth date|1928|06|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Neuchâtel]], Switzerland
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|05|17|1928|06|22|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Geneva]]<ref name="Obit3">{{cite journal |title=A Passion for India |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/22/letters/passion-india.html |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |pages=7–8 |language=en |date=5 June 2015|volume=49 |issue=22 }}</ref><ref name="Obit5"></ref>
| occupation = Economist, author, professor
}}

'''Gilbert Étienne''' (22 June 1928 – 17 May 2014) was a Swiss economist, author and professor.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Centlivres-Demont |first1=Micheline |title=Afghanistan: Identity, Society and Politics Since 1980 |date=13 February 2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-78673-944-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6heWDwAAQBAJ&dq=Gilbert+%C3%89tienne+1928&pg=PA305 |language=en}}</ref> Étienne is best known for his extensive publishing on economic subjects related to India, China and Pakistan. He was a professor at the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]] in Geneva for over 30 years.

==Early life==
Étienne was born in [[Neuchâtel]], Switzerland.<ref name="Obit2">{{cite journal |last1=Auroi |first1=Claude |title=Décès de Gilbert Etienne |journal=Revue Tiers Monde |date=2014 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=238 |doi=10.3917/rtm.219.0238}}</ref> His first studies were in law, and he received a degree from the [[University of Neuchâtel]] in 1951.<ref name="Obit5" /><ref name="Obit4" /> Following this, he studied at the [[Inalco|National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations]] (Inalco) in Paris. As a student of Inalco he spent a year doing doctoral research (from 1952 to 1953) in India and Pakistan, where he also spent time teaching in [[Lahore]].<ref name="Obit2" /><ref name="Obit4">{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Jayshree|date=31 May 2014|title=Gilbert Etienne – Mainstream|url=https://mainstreamweekly.net/article4951.html|website=mainstreamweekly.net}}</ref> In 1955 he defended his doctoral thesis ''India: economy and population'', which was published the following year by [[:fr:Librairie Droz|Droz]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Politique étrangère |year=1981 |publisher=Institut français des relations internationales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4YcAAAAIAAJ&q=Gilbert+%C3%89tienne+1928 |language=fr}}</ref>

==Academic career==
Following his graduation in 1955, he took a two-year trip to India, where he worked as a representative of the Swiss watch company [[Favre-Leuba]].<ref name="Obit5" /><ref name="Obit6">{{cite web|last=Maurer|first=Jean-Luc|date=23 May 2014|title=À la mémoire de Gilbert Etienne {{!}} Infoméduse|url=https://www.infomeduse.ch/2014/05/23/a-la-memoire-de-gilbert-etienne/}}</ref> On his return to Switzerland in 1958 he became a lecturer at the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]] (IUHEI) in [[Geneva]], where his research focused on the economic and social questions of developing countries.<ref name="Obit5" /> He became a professor at the same establishment in 1964, after the publication of his book ''The Chinese Way''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Godement |first1=François |title=Review of La Chine fait ses comptes |journal=The China Quarterly |date=1981 |issue=87 |pages=536–538 |volume=87| doi=10.1017/S0305741000029064 |jstor=653609 |s2cid=154506143 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/653609 |issn=0305-7410|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He stayed at IUHEI until the end of his career, in 1994, interrupting his education study tours on the Asian field.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Maurer|first=Jean-Luc|title=In the memory of Gilbert Étienne|url=https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/communications/news/la-memoire-de-gilbert-etienne|website=graduateinstitute.ch|publication-date=20 May 2014}}</ref>.From 1979 to 2002 he was the president of the Swiss Association for development aid, ''Frères de nos frères''.<ref name="Obit2"/>

==Death and legacy==
Étienne died on 17 May 2014 in Geneva.<ref name="Obit3"></ref><ref name="Obit5">{{cite book |last1=Maurer |first1=Jean-Luc |title=Preface |url=https://books.openedition.org/iheid/4573?lang=en |website=Indian Villages : Achievements and Alarm Bells, 1952–2012 |series=ELivres de l'Institut |publisher=Graduate Institute Publications |date=13 November 2014|isbn=9782940503643 }}</ref> A prolific author, Étienne published over 40 books and 100 journal articles in his lifetime.<ref name="Obit5" /> His final book, ''Indian Villages Achievements and Alarm Bells, 1952–2012'', was published as a posthumous tribute in 2014.<ref name="Obit5" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Etienne |first1=Gilbert |title=Indian Villages : Achievements and Alarm Bells, 1952–2012 |series=ELivres de l'Institut |url=https://books.openedition.org/iheid/1744 |publisher=Graduate Institute Publications |language=en |date=13 November 2014|isbn=9782940503643 }}</ref>

== Selected publications ==
* 2007, ''China-India: the great competition''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Astarita |first1=Claudia |title=Gilbert Etienne, Chine-Inde. La grande compétition |journal=Perspectives Chinoises |date=2008 |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=176–177 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/perch_1021-9013_2008_num_104_3_3651_t15_0176_0000_3?q=Gilbert+Etienne}}</ref>
* 2003, ''Development against the current''<ref>{{cite journal |title=Gilbert Étienne, Le développement à contre-courant |journal=Revue Tiers Monde |date=2003 |volume=44 |issue=175 |pages=712–713 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/tiers_1293-8882_2003_num_44_175_5415_t1_0712_0000_3?q=Gilbert+Etienne}}</ref>
* 2002, ''Unpredictable Afghanistan''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=De Durand |first1=Étienne |title=Olivier Roy. Les illusions du 11 septembre. Le débat stratégique face au terrorisme. Gilbert Etienne. Imprévisible Afghanistan |journal=Politique étrangère |date=2003 |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=439–441 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_2003_num_68_2_1219_t1_0439_0000_3?q=gilbert+etienne+2002}}</ref>
* 1998, ''Chine-Inde: le match du siècle''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cordonnier |first1=Isabelle |title=Gilbert Etienne. Chine-Inde : le match du siècle |journal=Politique étrangère |date=1998 |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=441 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1998_num_63_2_4765_t1_0441_0000_2?q=Gilbert+%C3%89tienne}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Courade |first1=Georges |title=Gilbert Étienne, Chine-Inde : le match du siècle |journal=Revue Tiers Monde |date=1998 |volume=39 |issue=156 |pages=952 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/tiers_1293-8882_1998_num_39_156_5298_t1_0952_0000_2?q=Gilbert+Étienne}}</ref>
* 1996, ''The Economy of India''<ref>{{cite journal |title=Gilbert Etienne. L'économie de l'Inde |journal=Politique étrangère |date=1986 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=343 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1986_num_51_1_3569_t1_0343_0000_2?q=Gilbert+Etienne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Etienne|first=Gilbert|date=1 March 1997|title=Agricultural Policies and Development in South Asia|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/097152319700400109|journal=South Asian Survey|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=95–108|doi=10.1177/097152319700400109|s2cid=153521805 |issn=0971-5231|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* 1989, ''Pakistan, a gift from the Indus: economy and politics''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Frelin |first1=Christiane |title=Gilbert Étienne, Le Pakistan, don de l'Indus |journal=Revue Tiers Monde |date=1990 |volume=31 |issue=121 |pages=238–239 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/tiers_0040-7356_1990_num_31_121_3908_t1_0238_0000_2?q=Gilbert+Etienne}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lechervy |first1=Christian |title=Gilbert Etienne. Le Pakistan, don de l'lndus : économie et politique |journal=Politique étrangère |date=1989 |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=545 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1989_num_54_3_3879_t1_0545_0000_1?q=Gilbert+%C3%89tienne}}</ref>
* 1988, ''Food and Poverty:India's Half Won Battle''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Paul|first=Bimal K.|date=1990|title=Review of Food and Poverty: India's Half Won Battle|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/215907|journal=Geographical Review|volume=80|issue=1|pages=91–93|doi=10.2307/215907|jstor=215907|issn=0016-7428|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Frelin |first1=Christiane |title=Gilbert Étienne, Food and Poverty : Indias' half won battle |journal=Revue Tiers Monde |date=1989 |volume=30 |issue=119 |pages=711–712 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/tiers_0040-7356_1989_num_30_119_3874_t1_0711_0000_2?q=Gilbert+%C3%89tienne}}</ref>
* 1985, ''Rural development in Asia: Meetings with Peasants''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berque |first1=Augustin |title=Gilbert Étienne, Développement rural en Asie |journal=Annales |date=1985 |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=945–947 |doi=10.1017/S0395264900084389 |s2cid=181530871 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ahess_0395-2649_1985_num_40_4_283210_t1_0945_0000_000?q=Gilbert+Etienne}}</ref>
* 1982, ''Rural development in Asia: people, grain and tools''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berg |first1=Eugène |title=Gilbert Etienne. Développement rural en Asie |journal=Politique étrangère |date=1983 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=222–224 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1983_num_48_1_3296_t1_0222_0000_3?q=Gilbert+Etienne}}</ref>
* 1974, ''The Chinese way: the long march of the economy'' / ''La voie chinoise. La longue marche de l'économie, 1949–1974''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kayser |first1=Bernard |title=Gilbert Etienne, La voie chinoise. La longue marche de l'économie, 1949–1974. |journal=Études rurales |date=1977 |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=171–172 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rural_0014-2182_1977_num_68_1_2317_t1_0171_0000_2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Klatt |first1=W. |title=La Voie chinoise: la longue marche de l'économie (1949–74). By Gilbert Etienne. [Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1974. 357 pp. NF.59.] |journal=The China Quarterly |date=1974 |volume=60 |pages=815–816 |doi=10.1017/S0305741000025893 |s2cid=154090956 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/abs/la-voie-chinoise-la-longue-marche-de-leconomie-194974-by-etiennegilbert-paris-presses-universitaires-de-france-1974-357-pp-nf59/E1B43F34248473FF252D0D9802B65F8A |language=en |issn=1468-2648|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* 1969, ''A Review of Rural Cooperation in Developing Areas''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Delannis |first1=Marie-Christine |title=Gilbert Étienne, A review of rural cooperation in developing areas |journal=Revue Tiers Monde |year=1970 |volume=11 |issue=44 |pages=881–882 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/tiers_0040-7356_1970_num_11_44_1739_t1_0881_0000_3}}</ref>
* 1969, ''Les Chances de l'Inde''<ref>{{cite journal |title=Gilbert Étienne, Les chances de l'Inde |journal=Revue Tiers Monde |date=1970 |volume=11 |issue=42 |pages=626–628 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/tiers_0040-7356_1970_num_11_42_1723_t1_0626_0000_3?q=Gilbert+Etienne}}</ref>
* 1968, ''Studies in Indian Agriculture– The Art of the Possible''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mellor |first1=John W. |title=Studies in Indian Agriculture—The Art of the Possible. Gilbert Etienne , Megan Mothersole |journal=Economic Development and Cultural Change |year=1969 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=634–638 |doi=10.1086/450389 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/450389|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thorner |first1=Daniel |title=Gilbert Etienne, L'agriculture indienne ou l'art du possible. |journal=Études rurales |date=1969 |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=105–107 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rural_0014-2182_1969_num_36_1_1479_t1_0105_0000_2?q=Gilbert+%C3%89tienne}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Saint Marc |first1=Michèle |title=Etienne (Gilbert) – L'agriculture indienne ou l'art du possible. |journal=Revue économique |date=1968 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=357 |doi=10.2307/3499208 |jstor=3499208 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/reco_0035-2764_1968_num_19_2_407816_t1_0357_0000_000?q=Gilbert+%C3%89tienne}}</ref>
* 1962, ''Tiers Monde, la voie chinoise''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lévy |first1=Roger |title=Gilbert Etienne. Tiers Monde, la voie chinoise |journal=Politique étrangère |date=1962 |volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=600–601 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1962_num_27_6_2329_t1_0600_0000_2?q=Gilbert+Etienne}}</ref>
* 1959, ''De Caboul à Pékin: rythmes et perspectives d'expansion économique''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wolf|first=Charles|date=1960|title=Review of De Caboul à Pékin: rhythmes et perspectives d'expansion économique, Gilbert Étienne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsuzAAAAIAAJ&q=Gilbert+%C3%89tienne++droz|journal=The American Economic Review|volume=50|issue=3|pages=465–466|issn=0002-8282}}</ref>
* 1956, ''India: economy and population''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=P. |first1=N. |title=Etienne Gilbert. – L'Inde. Economie et population |journal=Population |date=1956 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=369 |doi=10.2307/1524688 |jstor=1524688 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/pop_0032-4663_1956_num_11_2_4650?q=Gilbert+Etienne.+L%27%C3%A9conomie+de+l%27Inde}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Jean François Billeter]]
* [[Gilbert Blardone]]
* [[Serge Latouche]]
* [[Paul Bairoch]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://mainstreamweekly.net/article4951.html Gilbert Etienne – Mainstream]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Étienne, Gilbert}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Swiss economists]]
[[Category:21st-century Swiss economists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies]]
[[Category:Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales alumni]]
[[Category:University of Neuchâtel alumni]]

Gilbert Étienne - Revision history

CarmineJansen: put up a stub!