103.249.56.102: /* Death */

2021-09-28T04:17:49Z

Death

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:47, 28 September 2021
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	\| image = Sultan Ghayas-ud-Din Balban.jpg		\| image = Sultan Ghayas-ud-Din Balban.jpg
	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| reign = ~~1266–1287~~		\| reign = 1266–1286
	\| predecessor = [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)\|Nasiruddin Mahmud]]		\| predecessor = [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)\|Nasiruddin Mahmud]]
	\| successor = [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad]] (grandson)		\| successor = [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad]] (grandson)
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	Balban belonged to the famous group of 40 Turkic slaves of [[Iltutmish]].<ref>Bhat, R.A ''History of Medieval India'' pp. 66-68</ref>		Balban belonged to the famous group of 40 Turkic slaves of [[Iltutmish]].<ref>Bhat, R.A ''History of Medieval India'' pp. 66-68</ref>

	Ghiyas made several conquests, some of them as vizier. He routed the Mewats that harassed Delhi and reconquered [[Bengal]], all while successfully facing the Mongol threat, a struggle that cost his son and heir's life. After his death in 1287, his grandson [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad\|Qaiqabad]] was nominated sultan, though his rule undermined the success made under his grandfather's reign.		Ghiyas made several conquests, some of them as vizier. He routed the Mewats that harassed Delhi and reconquered [[Bengal]], all while successfully facing the Mongol threat, a struggle that cost his son and heir's life. After his death in 1287, his grandson [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad\|Qaiqabad]] was nominated sultan, though his rule undermined the success made under his grandfather's reign.a

	In spite of having only a few military achievements, Balban reformed civil and military lines that earned him a stable and prosperous government granting him the position, along with [[Iltutmish\|Shams ud-din Iltutmish]] and the later [[Alauddin Khalji]], one of the most powerful rulers of [[Delhi Sultanate]].		In spite of having only a few military achievements, Balban reformed civil and military lines that earned him a stable and prosperous government granting him the position, along with [[Iltutmish\|Shams ud-din Iltutmish]] and the later [[Alauddin Khalji]], one of the most powerful rulers of [[Delhi Sultanate]]. He was also a ruler

	==Early life==		==Early life==
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	In 1247, Balban suppressed a rising of the [[Kalinjar Fort\|Chandela Chief of Kalinjar]].{{citation needed\|date=April 2020}}		In 1247, Balban suppressed a rising of the [[Kalinjar Fort\|Chandela Chief of Kalinjar]].{{citation needed\|date=April 2020}}

	Balban's military reign also distinguished with his success repelling Mongol army. This could be achieved because his cavalry horses were better suited to Indian climate and naturally bred larger than Mongol's horses. The extreme heat of summer constituted the Mongols' problem in India, as the quotation from [[Ata-Malik Juvayni\|Juvaini]] indicates. Their incursions seem to have been brief, even when not defeated by the forces of Delhi, and to have taken place in winter, because only then was it cool enough for the comfort of the Mongols' horses<ref>{{cite journal \|last=Smith Jr. \|first=John Masson \|date=December 1984 \|title=Ayn Jālūt: Mamlūk Success or Mongol Failure? \|journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies \|volume=44 \|issue=2 \|pages=307–345 \|doi=10.2307/2719035 \|jstor=2719035}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last=Smith Jr. \|first=John Masson \|date=January–March 1998 \|title=Nomads on Ponies vs. Slaves on Horses \|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society \|volume=118 \|issue=1 \|pages=54–62 \|doi=10.2307/606298 \|jstor=606298}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last=Ṭabīb \|first=Rashid al-Din \|year=1971 \|title=The Successors of Genghis Khan \|translator-last=Boyle \|translator-first=John Andrew \|publisher=Columbia University Press \|page=52 and n. 197}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last=Ibn Batuta \|year=1962 \|title=The Travels of Ibn Battuta \|translator-last=Gibb \|translator-first=H.A.R. \|volume=~~Volume~~ II \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|page=478}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last=Boyle \|first=John Andrew \|date=June 1963 \|title=The Mongol Commanders in Afghanistan and India According to the Ṭabaqāt-I NāṢirī of Jūzjānī \|journal=Islamic Studies \|volume=2 \|issue=2 \|pages= 235–247 \|jstor=20832685}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last=Wink \|first=A. \|year=1991 \|title=Al-Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, II \|publisher=Brill \|page=207}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last1=Smith Jr.\|first1=John Masson\|title=MONGOL ARMIES AND INDIAN CAMPAIGNS\|url=http://www.mongolianculture.com/MONGOL-ARMIES.htm\|website=mongolian culture\|publisher=University of California, Berkeley\|access-date=2015-11-04\|ref=Ala al-Din Juvaini, The History of the World-Conqueror, J.A. Boyle trans. (Cambridge MA: Harvard UP, 1958), I, 141-42.}}</ref>		Balban's military reign also distinguished with his success repelling Mongol army. This could be achieved because his cavalry horses were better suited to Indian climate and naturally bred larger than Mongol's horses. The extreme heat of summer constituted the Mongols' problem in India, as the quotation from [[Ata-Malik Juvayni\|Juvaini]] indicates. Their incursions seem to have been brief, even when not defeated by the forces of Delhi, and to have taken place in winter, because only then was it cool enough for the comfort of the Mongols' horses<ref>{{cite journal \|last=Smith Jr. \|first=John Masson \|date=December 1984 \|title=Ayn Jālūt: Mamlūk Success or Mongol Failure? \|journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies \|volume=44 \|issue=2 \|pages=307–345 \|doi=10.2307/2719035 \|jstor=2719035}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last=Smith Jr. \|first=John Masson \|date=January–March 1998 \|title=Nomads on Ponies vs. Slaves on Horses \|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society \|volume=118 \|issue=1 \|pages=54–62 \|doi=10.2307/606298 \|jstor=606298}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last=Ṭabīb \|first=Rashid al-Din \|year=1971 \|title=The Successors of Genghis Khan \|translator-last=Boyle \|translator-first=John Andrew \|publisher=Columbia University Press \|page=52 and n. 197}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last=Ibn Batuta \|year=1962 \|title=The Travels of Ibn Battuta \|translator-last=Gibb \|translator-first=H.A.R. \|volume=II \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|page=478}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last=Boyle \|first=John Andrew \|date=June 1963 \|title=The Mongol Commanders in Afghanistan and India According to the Ṭabaqāt-I NāṢirī of Jūzjānī \|journal=Islamic Studies \|volume=2 \|issue=2 \|pages= 235–247 \|jstor=20832685}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last=Wink \|first=A. \|year=1991 \|title=Al-Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, II \|publisher=Brill \|page=207}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last1=Smith Jr.\|first1=John Masson\|title=MONGOL ARMIES AND INDIAN CAMPAIGNS\|url=http://www.mongolianculture.com/MONGOL-ARMIES.htm\|website=mongolian culture\|publisher=University of California, Berkeley\|access-date=2015-11-04\|ref=Ala al-Din Juvaini, The History of the World-Conqueror, J.A. Boyle trans. (Cambridge MA: Harvard UP, 1958), I, 141-42.}}</ref>

	== Reign as Sultan ==		== Reign as Sultan ==
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	== Death ==		== Death ==
	~~Ghiya Su Di Din~~ Balban ruled as the Sultan from 1265 until his death in 1287. Balban's heir was his older son, Prince Muhammad Khan, but he perished in a [[Battle of Beas River\|battle against the Mongols]] on 9 March 1285. His other son, Bughra Khan, was reluctant to assume the throne, and sought to remain the ruler of Bengal instead. Balban, therefore, chose his grandson, Kaikhasrau,<ref>[[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan#cite note-sen2-2]]</ref> son of Prince Muhammad, as heir apparent. However, after his death his nobles nominated [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad\|Qaiqubad]] as Sultan.<ref name="sen2"/>		Ghiyas ud din Balban ruled as the Sultan from 1265 until his death in 1287. Balban's heir was his older son, Prince Muhammad Khan, but he perished in a [[Battle of Beas River\|battle against the Mongols]] on 9 March 1285. His other son, Bughra Khan, was reluctant to assume the throne, and sought to remain the ruler of Bengal instead. Balban, therefore, chose his grandson, Kaikhasrau,<ref>[[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan#cite note-sen2-2]]</ref> son of Prince Muhammad, as heir apparent. However, after his death his nobles nominated [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad\|Qaiqubad]] as Sultan.<ref name="sen2"/>

	Qaiqubad reign (1287–1290), while his father, [[Bughra Khan]], asserted independence in Bengal. Qaiqubad was very weak and incompetent and eventually fell to stroke and had to pass the rule to his three years old son, [[Shamsuddin Kayumars]], who was eventually dethroned by his guardian, [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji]] in 1290, bringing an end to the Slave dynasty.{{citation needed\|date=April 2020}}		Qaiqubad reign (1287–1290), while his father, [[Bughra Khan]], asserted independence in Bengal. Qaiqubad was very weak and incompetent and eventually fell to stroke and had to pass the rule to his three years old son, [[Shamsuddin Kayumars]], who was eventually dethroned by his guardian, [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji]] in 1290, bringing an end to the Slave dynasty.{{citation needed\|date=April 2020}}

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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Ghiyasuddin Balban
| title = Sultan of Delhi
| image = Grave in Balban's tomb enclosure.jpg
| caption = Grave in [[Balban's tomb]] enclosure, Mehrauli
| reign = 1266–1287
| predecessor = [[Nasir ud din Mahmud]]
| successor = [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad]] (grandson)
| issue = Muhammad Khan<br> [[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan]]
|birth_date = unknown
|birth_place =
| death_date = 1287
| burial_place = [[Tomb of Balban]], [[Mehrauli Archaeological Park]], [[Delhi]]
}}
Ghiyash ud din Balban was a famous and one of the most powerful sultan of the "Mamluk" dynasty. The real name of Ghiyash ud din Balban was Ulug Khan. Title - Nabab E Khudayi ( acolyte of god), Jhil E Ellahi (shadow of god). Ghiyash ud din was the 2nd Illbari turkey sultan. He rules the delhi from 1266AD to 1286AD. He appointed a spying agency called "Barid". Amir khusrau (poet) came in India at the time of Ghiyash ud din Balban. Later Amir Khusrau become a famous court poet of Ala ud din Khilji.Some Treatises of Amir Khusrau are Kiran ush Sadin, Tughlak Nama etc. Amir khusrau also known as Parrot of India. Ghiyash ud din Balban enforce some laws like "Sizada" (penalize), "Paibas" (kissing the throne). Sultan Ghiyash ud din Balban created the first military department of Sultanat dynasty was called "Deowan-E-Arz".

After death of Sultan Illtutmish, Rukn ud din Feroz had been the ruler of the Delhi sultanat after that in the year 1236AD Sultana Razia had become the Sultan of Delhi sultanat and they are killed by Ghiyash ud din Balban.

[[Category:13th century births]]
[[Category:Delhi Sultanate]]
[[Category:History of India]]
[[Category:History of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]

Ghiyas ud din Balban - Revision history

103.249.56.102: /* Death */

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>Nunabas at 19:03, 26 July 2019