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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Ghashiram Kotwal
| image =
| caption =
| director = {{ubl|[[K. Hariharan (director)|K. Hariharan]]|[[Mani Kaul]]|[[Saeed Akhtar Mirza]]|[[Kamal Swaroop]]}}
| producer = YUKT Film Cooperative
| writer = [[Vijay Tendulkar]] (original play, screenplay)
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Ghashiram Kotwal]]''|[[Vijay Tendulkar]]}}
| narrator =
| starring = [[Mohan Agashe]]<br/>[[Om Puri]]
| music = [[Bhaskar Chandavarkar]]
| cinematography = {{ubl|Rajesh Joshi|Binod Pradhan|Manmohan Singh}}
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1976}}
| runtime = 108 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget = Rs 1,50,000
| gross =
}}
'''''Ghashiram Kotwal''''' is a 1976 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language film, which is an adaptation of [[Vijay Tendulkar]]'s [[Ghashiram Kotwal|play]] of the same name. Tendulkar himself wrote the screenplay. Coming at the height of the [[Parallel cinema]] movement in India, the film was an experiment in collective filmmaking.<ref name="moviemehal">{{cite web |title=GHASHIRAM KOTWAL (Dir. K. Hariharan, Mani Kaul, Kamal Swaroop, Saeed Mirza, 1976, India) – Experiments in Time & Space |url=https://moviemahal.net/2015/05/28/ghashiram-kotwal-dir-k-hariharan-mani-kaul-kamal-swaroop-saeed-mirza-1976-india-experiments-in-time-space/ |website=moviemahal.net |accessdate=9 June 2018}}</ref> It was produced by YUKT Film Cooperative, a 16-member collective consisting mostly of graduates of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]]. The title role was played by [[Om Puri]], who made his debut with this film. The final shot of the film lasts for more than ten minutes. According to [[K. Hariharan (director)|K. Hariharan]], one of the four directors of the film, this shot is unique in film history as "the world’s longest shot on a standard reel of 1,000 feet to be shot by four camera operators".<ref name="moviemehal" />

== Synopsis ==
The film, like the play, is set in Peshwa-ruled [[Pune]] in the eighteenth century, and is based on the lives of real historical characters. [[Nana Phadnavis]] was a powerful figure during this period, and he became the de facto ruler of the [[Maratha]] confederacy.

Ghashiram ([[Om Puri]]) is a North Indian Brahmin, an outsider in the city of Pune. He is ill-treated by the law enforcing agencies, accused of being a pickpocket, and imprisoned for no fault of his. He decides to take revenge. Ghashiram then sells his own daughter to Nana ([[Mohan Agashe]]) to secure the post of Kotwal (police chief). Nana uses him to spy on people, especially Brahmins. Ghashiram turns into a tyrannical official, introducing permits for everything and putting people in jail for small offences. Meanwhile, Ghashiram's daughter dies in childbirth. Eventually there is an outcry, when some people die in jail due to suffocation. Thereupon Nana gets rid of Ghashiram in the most ruthless manner possible.

== Cast ==
* [[Mohan Agashe]] as Nana Phadnavis
* [[Om Puri]] as Ghashiram Kotwal

== Crew ==
* Direction: [[K. Hariharan (director)|K. Hariharan]], [[Mani Kaul]], [[Saeed Akhtar Mirza]], [[Kamal Swaroop]]
* Screenplay: [[Vijay Tendulkar]]
* Music: [[Bhaskar Chandavarkar]]
* Cinematography: Rajesh Joshi, Binod Pradhan, Manmohan Singh <ref name="gomolocastcrew">{{cite web |title=Ghashiram Kotwal (1976) Cast and Crew |url=http://www.gomolo.com/ghashiram-kotwal-movie-cast-crew/42994 |website=gomolo.com |accessdate=9 June 2018}}</ref>

== Production ==
In a 2014 interview, [[K. Hariharan (director)|K. Hariharan]] has recounted the story of the making of the film. When he was in his second year at FTII, the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]] was declared. He and fourteen others decided to form a cooperative. [[Mani Kaul]], who was several years senior to the others, asked if he could join too. [[Vijay Tendulkar]]'s play, which had done over 80 shows around [[Maharashtra]], caught the attention of the group. They requested Tendulkar to make the script more directly relevant to contemporary politics. Hariharan recalls: "Playwright [[Badal Sircar]] did a six-day theatre workshop with us." They were all influenced by the work of Hungarian filmmaker [[Miklos Jancso]], known for his long takes and choreographed camera movements. Hariharan adds: "It was a combination of all these factors — Tendulkar, Badal Sircar, Jancso, and one-and-a-half-lakh rupees that we borrowed from a nationalised bank — that resulted in the film."<ref name="hariharanhindu">{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Sudhish |title=History reloaded |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/history-reloaded/article5635321.ece |accessdate=9 June 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=30 January 2014}}</ref>

== Reception ==
According to one commentator, the film "disappeared from view shortly after being released in a theatre in Pune for a week."<ref name="livemint">{{cite news |last1=Ramnath |first1=Nandini |title=Classic: Negative-positive |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/HMlS0NKqfeLADCI82NvsLP/Classic--Negative-positive.html |accessdate=10 June 2018 |work=livemint |date=6 April 2014}}</ref> Critical reception, too, according to Hariharan, was "uncharitable".<ref name="hariharanhindu" /> The film was, however, screened at the Filmotsav in [[Madras]] in January 1978, and subsequently selected for screening at the 1978 [[Berlin Film Festival]].<ref name="hariharanhindu" />

In recent years, there has been a revival of critical interest in the film. One reviewer writes: "''Ghashiram Kotwal'' seems like a seminal work now, a crossroads in terms of ideological and aesthetic experimentation ..."<ref name="moviemehal" /> According to the Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema, it is a "remarkable avant-garde experiment in collective film-making". It adds: "The film’s main significance resides in the way it adapts theatre to investigate cinema itself."<ref name="sarai">{{cite web |title=The Wager on Cinema: Screening 8 – Ghashiram Kotwal |url=http://sarai.net/the-wager-on-cinema-screening-8-ghashiram-kotwal/ |website=sarai.net |accessdate=30 December 2018}}</ref> Thirty-six years after it was first screened at Berlin, it was selected for screening in the Forum section of the 2014 Berlin Film Festival.<ref name="berlin2014">{{cite web |title=Berlinale:Archive:Annual Archives:2014:Programme - Ghashiram Kotwal |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2014/02_programm_2014/02_Filmdatenblatt_2014_20147558.php?openedFromSearch=true#tab=filmStillsberlinale.de |website=berlinale.de |accessdate=10 June 2018}}</ref>

== Preservation ==
The Berlin-based Arsenal Institute of Film and Video Art has restored ''Ghashiram Kotwal''<ref name="moviemehal" /> and released it in DVD format.<ref name="arsenal">{{cite web |title=Arsenal: Ghashiram Kotwal |url=https://www.arsenal-berlin.de/en/edition/dvds/ghashiram-kotwal.html |website=arsenal-berlin.de |accessdate=9 June 2018}}</ref> It is one of only two Indian films to be restored by Arsenal Institute.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{IMDb title|0137685}}


[[Category:1976 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mani Kaul]]
[[Category:Indian historical films]]

Ghashiram Kotwal (film) - Revision history

>SdkbBot: removed erroneous space