Ghantasala, Krishna district - Revision history

Kamal Guha: Updated

2024-01-15T13:03:23Z

Updated

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:33, 15 January 2024
Line 6:		Line 6:
	\| native_name =		\| native_name =
	\| native_name_lang =		\| native_name_lang =
	\| other_name = ~~ghantasala~~		\| other_name =
	\| nickname =		\| nickname =
	\| settlement_type = [[Village]]		\| settlement_type = [[Village]]
Line 12:		Line 12:
	\| image_alt =		\| image_alt =
	\| image_caption = The Ghantasala stupa		\| image_caption = The Ghantasala stupa
	\| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh~~#India~~		\| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
	\| pushpin_label_position = right		\| pushpin_label_position = right
	\| pushpin_map_alt =		\| pushpin_map_alt =
	\| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh~~, India~~		\| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
	\| coordinates = {{coord\|16\|10\|9.62184\|N\|80\|56\|39.3835199880193\|E\|display=inline,title}}		\| coordinates = {{coord\|16\|10\|9.62184\|N\|80\|56\|39.3835199880193\|E\|display=inline,title}}
	\| subdivision_type = Country		\| subdivision_type = Country
Line 41:		Line 41:
	\| population_demonym =		\| population_demonym =
	\| population_footnotes = <ref name="census" />		\| population_footnotes = <ref name="census" />
	\| demographics_type1 = ~~Languages~~		\| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
	\| demographics1_title1 = Official		\| demographics1_title1 = Official
	\| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language\|Telugu]]		\| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language\|Telugu]]
Line 52:		Line 52:
	\| registration_plate = AP 16		\| registration_plate = AP 16
	\| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city		\| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
	\| blank1_info_sec1 = Machilipatnam, Gudivada		\| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Machilipatnam]], [[Gudivada]]
	\| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio\|Sex ratio]]		\| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio\|Sex ratio]]
	\| blank2_info_sec1 = 10:9.8 [[male\|♂]]/[[female\|♀]]		\| blank2_info_sec1 = 10:9.8 [[male\|♂]]/[[female\|♀]]
Line 58:		Line 58:
	\| blank3_info_sec1 = 60%		\| blank3_info_sec1 = 60%
	\| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency		\| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
	\| blank4_info_sec1 = Machilipatnam		\| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Machilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
	\| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency		\| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
	\| blank5_info_sec1 = Avanigadda		\| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Avanigadda Assembly constituency]]
	\| website =		\| website =
	\| footnotes =		\| footnotes =
	}}		}}
	'''Ghantasala''' is a village in [[Krishna district]] of the [[~~Indian state~~]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is 21 km west of [[Machilipatnam]] and 11 km east of [[Krishna River]]. The largest city of this district, [[~~Vijaywada~~]], is around 60 km away. It is a rare and reputed center for [[Buddhist]] sculptures.		'''Ghantasala''' is a village in [[Krishna district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is 21 km west of [[Machilipatnam]] and 11 km east of [[Krishna River]]. The largest city of this district, [[Vijayawada]], is around 60 km away. It is a rare and reputed center for [[Buddhist]] sculptures.

	== History ==		== History ==
	~~Ghantasala is a town and the headquarters of [[Ghantasala mandal]] in [[Krishna District]] of Andhra Pradesh. It is 21 km west of Machilipatnam and 11 km east of River Krishna.~~

	Boswell of the East India Company first reported Ghantasala as a historical site in 1870-71. Alexander Rea excavated the stupa at Ghantasala, which had a circumference of 112 feet and a height of 23 feet. The remains of an important [[Buddhist]] stupa and sculptural slabs were found in 1919-20.<ref>South Indian Buddhist Antiquities, A. Rea, 1989, Asian Educational Services, {{ISBN\|81-206-0512-8}}</ref> Ghantasala was once a flourishing town of Indo-Roman trade as well as an important religious centre. The Buddhist relics and the Hindu structures at the place reveal its past glory. Carved limestone columns belonging to pillared halls associated with Buddhist monastic establishments (2-3rd centuries BC ) have been discovered. The ruined Maha Chaitya or stupa that was excavated here is of a unique design. A cube of solid bricks is set in the centre, inscribed with 12 constellations of the zodiac.<ref>[http://news.buddhism.cn/english/culture/t20060801_36688.htm Historical Discoveries in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh of India<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{Dead link\|date=December 2019 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>		Boswell of the East India Company first reported Ghantasala as a historical site in 1870-71. Alexander Rea excavated the stupa at Ghantasala, which had a circumference of 112 feet and a height of 23 feet. The remains of an important [[Buddhist]] stupa and sculptural slabs were found in 1919-20.<ref>South Indian Buddhist Antiquities, A. Rea, 1989, Asian Educational Services, {{ISBN\|81-206-0512-8}}</ref> Ghantasala was once a flourishing town of Indo-Roman trade as well as an important religious centre. The Buddhist relics and the Hindu structures at the place reveal its past glory. Carved limestone columns belonging to pillared halls associated with Buddhist monastic establishments (2-3rd centuries BC ) have been discovered. The ruined Maha Chaitya or stupa that was excavated here is of a unique design. A cube of solid bricks is set in the centre, inscribed with 12 constellations of the zodiac.<ref>[http://news.buddhism.cn/english/culture/t20060801_36688.htm Historical Discoveries in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh of India<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{Dead link\|date=December 2019 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Line 75:		Line 73:
	Andhra pradesh, santuario a più piani, da ghantasala, 90-110 ca..JPG\|Relief of a multi-storied temple, 2nd century CE, Ghantasala Stupa.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hardy \|first1=Adam \|title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries \|date=1995 \|publisher=Abhinav Publications \|isbn=9788170173120 \|page=39 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU0hCAS2-08C&pg=PA41 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Le \|first1=Huu Phuoc \|title=Buddhist Architecture \|date=2010 \|publisher=Grafikol \|isbn=9780984404308 \|page=238 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jb364g4BvoC&pg=PA238 \|language=en}}</ref>		Andhra pradesh, santuario a più piani, da ghantasala, 90-110 ca..JPG\|Relief of a multi-storied temple, 2nd century CE, Ghantasala Stupa.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hardy \|first1=Adam \|title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries \|date=1995 \|publisher=Abhinav Publications \|isbn=9788170173120 \|page=39 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU0hCAS2-08C&pg=PA41 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Le \|first1=Huu Phuoc \|title=Buddhist Architecture \|date=2010 \|publisher=Grafikol \|isbn=9780984404308 \|page=238 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jb364g4BvoC&pg=PA238 \|language=en}}</ref>
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	The chaityas had a texture and size unique to the [[Satavahana]] times and had separate dwelling places for Buddhist monks in the complex. All walls were found to have beautiful plastering with superfine lime mortar. A three-dimensional limestone carved structure, embellished on the dome portion of the stupa had two [[garland bearers]], a dhamma chakra and a miniature stupa on a throne in the middle. Objects such as a four-by-three-feet 'Purna Kalasa' containing lotus flowers, indicating the birth of [[Gautama Buddha]] were also discovered. The stupa had concentric inner wheels radiating towards a central chamber.primary amongst them is a raised cylindrical mound with a semi spheric		The chaityas had a texture and size unique to the [[Satavahana]] times and had separate dwelling places for Buddhist monks in the complex. All walls were found to have beautiful plastering with superfine lime mortar. A three-dimensional limestone carved structure, embellished on the dome portion of the stupa had two garland bearers, a dhamma chakra and a miniature stupa on a throne in the middle. Objects such as a four-by-three-feet 'Purna Kalasa' containing lotus flowers, indicating the birth of [[Gautama Buddha]] were also discovered. The stupa had concentric inner wheels radiating towards a central chamber.primary amongst them is a raised cylindrical mound with a semi spheric top.

			===District formation===
			Krishna district was formed by renaming Machilipatnam district and adding certain taluks of Guntur district in 1859. Krishna district was divided into Krishna and Godavari districts in 1925. During the reorganisation of Andhra Pradesh Krishna district was further divided into Krishna and NTR districts. <ref>{{cite web\| url = https://krishna.ap.gov.in/\| title= Krishna district \|work= About District > History \|publisher= Government of Andhra Pradesh \| access-date = 15 January 2024}}</ref>

			==Geography==
			Ghantasala is a town and the headquarters of [[Ghantasala mandal]] in [[Krishna district]] of Andhra Pradesh. It is 21 km west of Machilipatnam and 11 km east of River Krishna.

			Krishna district has 25 mandals spread across three revenue divisions – [[Machilipatnam revenue division]], [[Gudivada revenue division]] and [[Vuyyuru revenue division]]. <ref>{{Cite web \|title=Krishna district profile - AP Government - 4 April 2022 \|url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b/uploads/2022/04/2022040412.pdf}}</ref>

	== Economy ==		== Economy ==
	'''Hand-loom industry'''		'''Hand-loom industry'''

	[[Hand loom]] weaving is most predominant in the village. [[Mangalagiri]] and [[Gadwal]] cotton sarees are the mostly weaved and are exported many parts of the country.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Appala Naidu\|first1=T\|title=Ghantasala weavers now playing major role in weaving exquisite sarees\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ghantasala-weavers-now-playing-major-role-in-weaving-exquisite-sarees/article4576727.ece\|access-date=17 November 2015\|work=The Hindu\|date=3 April 2013\|location=Ghantasala (Krishna District)}}</ref>		Hand loom weaving is most predominant in the village. [[Mangalagiri]] and [[Gadwal]] cotton sarees are the mostly weaved and are exported many parts of the country.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Appala Naidu\|first1=T\|title=Ghantasala weavers now playing major role in weaving exquisite sarees\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ghantasala-weavers-now-playing-major-role-in-weaving-exquisite-sarees/article4576727.ece\|access-date=17 November 2015\|work=The Hindu\|date=3 April 2013\|location=Ghantasala (Krishna District)}}</ref>

	== Transport ==		== Transport ==
			[[Machilipatnam]] is connected by road and rail from Vijayawada. [[Vijayawada]] has an airport located some 20 km away at [[Gannavaram]].
	[[Machilipatnam]] is connected by road and rail from ~~Vijaywada~~. [[~~Vijaywada~~]] has an airport located some 20 km away at [[Gannavaram]].

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[Andhra Vishnu]]		* [[Krishna district#Administrative divisions\|Revenue divisions and mandals in Krishna district]]
	*[[List of villages in Krishna district#G\|Villages in Ghantasala mandal]]		* [[Andhra Vishnu]]
			* [[List of villages in Krishna district#G\|Villages in Ghantasala mandal]]

	== References ==		== References ==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	{{~~Mandal headquarters in Krishna district}}~~		{{Authority control}}

	~~== External links ==~~
	~~{{Commons category\|Ghantasala~~}}

	{{~~Authority control~~}}		{{Krishna-geo-stub}}
			{{Krishna district}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghantasala}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghantasala}}

>Tom.Reding: +{{Authority control}} (2 IDs from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

2021-03-28T20:26:11Z

+{{Authority control}} (2 IDs from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

New page

{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ghantasala
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = ghantasala
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline = Ghantasala stupa.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The Ghantasala stupa
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16|10|9.62184|N|80|56|39.3835199880193|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Krishna|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|website=Census of India|access-date=14 February 2016|page=16,448|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 12.21
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 9248
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 521133
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08671
| registration_plate = AP 16
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Machilipatnam, Gudivada
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 10:9.8 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1 = 60%
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Machilipatnam
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = Avanigadda
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ghantasala''' is a village in [[Krishna district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is 21 km west of [[Machilipatnam]] and 11 km east of [[Krishna River]]. The largest city of this district, [[Vijaywada]], is around 60 km away. It is a rare and reputed center for [[Buddhist]] sculptures.

== History ==
Ghantasala is a town and the headquarters of [[Ghantasala mandal]] in [[Krishna District]] of Andhra Pradesh. It is 21 km west of Machilipatnam and 11 km east of River Krishna.

Boswell of the East India Company first reported Ghantasala as a historical site in 1870-71. Alexander Rea excavated the stupa at Ghantasala, which had a circumference of 112 feet and a height of 23 feet. The remains of an important [[Buddhist]] stupa and sculptural slabs were found in 1919-20.<ref>South Indian Buddhist Antiquities, A. Rea, 1989, Asian Educational Services, {{ISBN|81-206-0512-8}}</ref> Ghantasala was once a flourishing town of Indo-Roman trade as well as an important religious centre. The Buddhist relics and the Hindu structures at the place reveal its past glory. Carved limestone columns belonging to pillared halls associated with Buddhist monastic establishments (2-3rd centuries BC ) have been discovered. The ruined Maha Chaitya or stupa that was excavated here is of a unique design. A cube of solid bricks is set in the centre, inscribed with 12 constellations of the zodiac.<ref>[http://news.buddhism.cn/english/culture/t20060801_36688.htm Historical Discoveries in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh of India]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
Holy relic sites map of Andhra Pradesh.jpg|Ghantasala is one of the Holy relic Buddhist sites of Andhra Pradesh.
Andhra pradesh, santuario a più piani, da ghantasala, 90-110 ca..JPG|Relief of a multi-storied temple, 2nd century CE, Ghantasala Stupa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hardy |first1=Adam |title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries |date=1995 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=9788170173120 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU0hCAS2-08C&pg=PA41 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Le |first1=Huu Phuoc |title=Buddhist Architecture |date=2010 |publisher=Grafikol |isbn=9780984404308 |page=238 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jb364g4BvoC&pg=PA238 |language=en}}</ref>
</gallery>
The chaityas had a texture and size unique to the [[Satavahana]] times and had separate dwelling places for Buddhist monks in the complex. All walls were found to have beautiful plastering with superfine lime mortar. A three-dimensional limestone carved structure, embellished on the dome portion of the stupa had two [[garland bearers]], a dhamma chakra and a miniature stupa on a throne in the middle. Objects such as a four-by-three-feet 'Purna Kalasa' containing lotus flowers, indicating the birth of [[Gautama Buddha]] were also discovered. The stupa had concentric inner wheels radiating towards a central chamber.primary amongst them is a raised cylindrical mound with a semi spheric

== Economy ==
'''Hand-loom industry'''

[[Hand loom]] weaving is most predominant in the village. [[Mangalagiri]] and [[Gadwal]] cotton sarees are the mostly weaved and are exported many parts of the country.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Appala Naidu|first1=T|title=Ghantasala weavers now playing major role in weaving exquisite sarees|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ghantasala-weavers-now-playing-major-role-in-weaving-exquisite-sarees/article4576727.ece|access-date=17 November 2015|work=The Hindu|date=3 April 2013|location=Ghantasala (Krishna District)}}</ref>

== Transport ==

[[Machilipatnam]] is connected by road and rail from Vijaywada. [[Vijaywada]] has an airport located some 20 km away at [[Gannavaram]].

==See also==
*[[Andhra Vishnu]]
*[[List of villages in Krishna district#G|Villages in Ghantasala mandal]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mandal headquarters in Krishna district}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Ghantasala}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghantasala}}
[[Category:Villages in Krishna district]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Krishna district]]