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{{Short description|English–Texian journalist and freemason}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = George Knight Teulon
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1812|05|27}}
| birth_place = England
| death_date = 1846 (aged 33)
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], British India
| allegiance = [[Republic of Texas]]
| branch = [[Texian Army]]
| serviceyears =
| rank =
| battles = [[Texas Revolution]]
}}

'''George Knight Teulon'''<ref>{{cite news|url= https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth48200/m1/3/?q=Teulon|title=Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 40, Ed. 1, Wednesday, September 21, 1842 Page: 3 of 4|publisher=[[University of North Texas Libraries]]|work=The Portal to Texas History|date=September 21, 1842|access-date=December 11, 2024}}</ref> (May 27, 1812 – 1846) was a 19th-century English-[[Texian]] journalist and [[freemasonry|freemason]] who was a cofounder and the editor of ''[[The Austin City Gazette]]'', the first newspaper published in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], the capital of the [[Republic of Texas]], and the publisher of ''[[The Western Advocate]]''.

==Life==
George Knight Teulon was born on May 27, 1812, as the tenth child of eleven children born to Thomas Anthony Teulon and Rachel (''[[née]]'' Hensman) Teulon.<ref name=Bannerman>{{cite book|editor-last=Bannerman|editor-first=W. Bruce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1xIAAAAYAAJ|title=Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica|volume=II|series=4th series|year=1908|publisher=Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke, 140 Wardour Street W.|publication-place=London|page=204|via=Google Books}}</ref> The August 21, 1834, issue of the ''[[Montreal Herald and Daily Commercial Gazette]]'' contains a notice from August 13, 1834, for those who were indebted to the [[Estate (law)|estate]] of P. H. Teulon, to make payment to George K. Teulon, or the [[executor]] of the estate before the accounts were to be transferred to an attorney.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3130457|title=Notice|newspaper=Montreal herald and daily commercial gazette|via=[[Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec]]|publication-place=[[Montreal]]|date=August 21, 1834}}</ref> Peter Hensman Teulon was a brother of George K. Teulon and died in 1834.<ref name=Bannerman/> George K. Teulon signed a [[loyalism|loyalist]] invitation in 1834, before the [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] began.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.1837.qc.ca/acteurs2022_nip.php|title=Les Patriotes des 1837@1838 les rébellions du Bas-Canada|language=fr}}</ref> Teulon served in the [[Texian Army]] in the [[Texas Revolution]].<ref name=TFMM>{{cite magazine|url=http://iapsop.com/archive/materials/freemasons_monthly_magazine_us/freemasons_monthly_magazine_v6_1846.pdf|title=Death of Br. George K. Teulon|magazine=The Freemason's Monthly Magazine|volume=VI|date=1847|issue=1|via=the International Association for the Preservation of Spiritualist and Occult Periodicals (IAPSOP)|pages=5–7, 22, 64|publication-place=[[Boston, Massachusetts]]|publisher=Tuttle and Dennett, Print. 17 School Street}}</ref> He was a cofounder of ''The Austin City Gazette'' when it was established in 1839<ref>{{cite web|last1=Allen|last2=Sharpe|last3=Whitaker|first1=Louise C.|first2=Ernest A.|first3=John R.|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/newspapers|title=Newspapers|publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]|work=[[Handbook of Texas]] Online}}</ref> and became the editor in January 1840. Before his editorship, the paper supported the policies of [[Mirabeau B. Lamar]]. Afterwards, it became Anti-Lamar and supported [[Sam Houston]].<ref name=acg/> In the third volume of ''The Writings of Sam Houston 1813–1863'', the newspaper is mentioned as "an Anti-Houston, and anti-administration paper".<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Williams|editor-last2=Barker|editor-first1=Amelia W.|editor-first2=Eugene C.|editor-link1=Amelia Worthington Williams|editor-link2=Eugene C. Barker|url=https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/913497740/504|title=The Writings of Sam Houston 1813–1863|pages=531–532|via=Texas History Trust|volume=III: December 20, 1822 – January 31, 1844|publisher=The University of Texas Press|date=1940}}</ref> The newspaper was the publisher to the [[Congress of the Republic of Texas]] and about half of the paper concerned the acts of Congress, presidential decrees, and other government matters.<ref name=acg>{{cite web|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/austin-city-gazette|title=Austin City Gazette|publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]|work=[[Handbook of Texas]] Online}}</ref> He was one of the first members of the [[Austin Lyceum]], which was incorporated by the Congress of the Republic of Texas on February 4, 1841, "for the encouragement of literary and scientific pursuits".<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Malone|first=Billy Charles|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/86a7a6af-fa32-4f29-86af-d8ccf9c3d73e/content|title=An Early History of Austin, Texas, 1839-1861|degree=MA|publisher=University of Texas at Austin|date=August 1958}}</ref>

Teulon sent gifts to Sam Houston and [[Margaret Lea Houston]] in 1842, which he described as "a musical magazine and 'Ladies Companion' packet workbox".<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Roberts|editor-first=Madge Thornall|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9715/m1/277|title=The Personal Correspondence of Sam Houston, Volume 1: 1839-1845|date=1996 |via=[[University of North Texas Libraries]]|pages=258–259}}</ref> In a November 30, 1842, issue of the ''[[Edgefield Advertiser]]'', the second page includes an announcement from Teulon that a William P. Lewis, who formerly lived in Austin, was forever expelled from all the privileges and benefits of masonry due to unmasonic conduct and mentions Teulon as holding the position of King, High Priest p. t. of Lone Star [[Royal Arch Masonry|Royal Arch]] Chapter No. 4.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://historicnewspapers.sc.edu/lccn/sn84026897/1842-11-30/ed-1|title=To the Eternity of Free and Accepted Masons Throughout the World|publication-place=[[Edgefield, South Carolina]]|newspaper=[[Edgefield Advertiser]]|volume=VII|issue=44|date=November 30, 1842|via=Historical Newspapers of South Carolina, [[University of South Carolina Libraries]]}}</ref>
On March 31, 1843, U.S. congressman and former U.S. President [[John Quincy Adams]] inscribed in his diary,<blockquote>Western Advocate by George K. Teulon— N. 1
City of Austin Saturday 18 Feby 1843—<ref>{{cite web|last=Adams|first=John Quincy|url=https://www.primarysourcecoop.org/publications/jqa/document/jqadiaries-v49-1843-03-p250--entry2|title=John Quincy Adams Digital Diary – 31 March 1843 – Volume 49 Draft|website=Primary Source Cooperative at the [[Massachusetts Historical Society]]}}</ref></blockquote> ''The Western Advocate'', which Teulon was the publisher of, operated from February 1843 to 1844.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/sn86089560|title=Western Advocate (City of Austin [i.e. Austin], Tex.) 1843-1844|website=[[Library of Congress]]}}</ref>

On June 17, 1843, Teulon invited the former [[president of the Republic of Texas]], Mirabeau B. Lamar, to a public barbecue in Austin upon his return to the Republic of Texas.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Gulick, Jr.|editor-last2=Allen|editor-last3=Elliot|editor-last4=Smither|editor-first1=Charles Adams|editor-first2=Winnie|editor-first3=Katherine|editor-first4=Harriet|url=https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/913497740/504|title=The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar|pages=503–504|via=Texas History Trust|volume=V|publisher=The Pemberton Press|date=1968}}</ref>

[[File:Coat of arms of the Republic of Texas.svg|upright|thumb|The coat of arms of the {{nowrap|Republic of Texas}}]]

In 1844, Teulon, then the Grand Secretary of the [[Grand Lodge of Texas|Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas]] when [[John Alexander Greer]] was the [[Grand Master (freemasonry)|Grand Master]],<ref name=TFQR>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/The_Freemasons_Quarterly_Review_1843/page/n221|title=The Freemason's Quarterly Review|via=the [[Internet Archive]]|date=1843|pages=326, 449}}</ref> addressed a meeting of freemasons in [[Portland, Maine]], and made remarks about [[Masonic ritual and symbolism|masonic symbolism]] in Texas's chosen symbol, the "Lone Star". He told attendees, "Texas is emphatically a Masonic Country: Our national emblem, the 'Lone Star', was chosen from among the emblems selected by Freemasonry, to illustrate the moral virtues — it is a five-pointed star, and alludes to the five points of fellowship."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grandlodgeoftexas.org/intro.php|title=Texas Masonic Pride: Early Beginnings|website=Grand Lodge of Texas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508063856/http://grandlodgeoftexas.org/intro.php|archive-date=May 8, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://grandlodgeoftexas.org/heroes.html|title=Masonic Heroes of Texas|website=Grand Lodge of Texas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030603184754/https://grandlodgeoftexas.org/heroes.html|archive-date=June 3, 2003|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://txfreemasonry.org/texas-freemasonry|title=Texas Freemasonry|website=Richardson Masonic Lodge #1214}}</ref>

Also in 1844, Teulon wrote in ''The Freemason's Monthly Magazine'' that "Texas is emphatically a Masonic Country; all of our Presidents and Vice-President, and four-fifths of our State Officers were and are Masons: by Freemasonry to illustrate the moral virtues--it is a Five Pointed Star{{nbsp}}... May it ever bind us in the holy Bond of Fraternal Union and govern our social, Masonic, and Political intercourse".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.starmuseum.org/questions.htm|title=FAQ's—Frequently Asked Questions|website=[[Star of the Republic Museum]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908162203/https://www.starmuseum.org/questions.htm|archive-date=September 8, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Teulon was sent by the Grand Lodge of Texas as its representative to the [[United Grand Lodge of England|Grand Lodge of England]].<ref name=TFMM/> He later resigned this post<ref name=TFQR/> and lived for some months in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], but was unsuccessful in finding suitable work. He then moved to [[Calcutta]] and worked for the [[General Post Office]].<ref name=TFMM/>

==Death==
Volume VI of ''The Freemason's Monthly Magazine'' records Teulon as dying in Calcutta, [[Company rule in India|British India]], in March 1846.<ref name=TFMM/> An English genealogical book from 1908 mentions that he died in Calcutta on April 24, 1846.<ref name=Bannerman/>

[[George F. Moore (Texas judge)|George Fleming Moore]], who at the time of the 1874 [[Supreme Court of Texas]] case ''The State v. Estate of George K. Teulon'' was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Texas, wrote Teulon was "averred" to have "died in Brazil without having sold or transferred said property".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/state-v-estate-of-886717100|title=State v. Estate of Teulon|website=VLEX|accessdate=December 8, 2024}}</ref>

[[John Henry Brown]], in his ''History of Texas, from 1685 to 1892'', published in 1893, wrote that Teulon died in [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=John Henry|author-link=John Henry Brown|url=https://www.milamcountyhistoricalcommission.org/1033.pdf|title=History of Texas, from 1685 to 1892|via=[[Milam County, Texas|Milam County]] Historical Commission|date=1893|publication-place=St. Louis|publisher=L. E. Daniell|volume=II|pages=167, 524}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://dygtyjqp7pi0m.cloudfront.net/i/63917/51048471_1.jpg?v=8DBF8E67B922900 Republic of Texas Certificate of Stock in the ten percent consolidated fund created by Act of February 5, 1840, issued to George K. Teulon (cancelled)]
*[https://historical.ha.com/itm/autographs/statesmen/george-k-teulon-autograph-letter-signed-to-fellow-freemason-edmund-burleson/a/6003-76101.s# Letter from George K. Teulon to Edmund Burleson]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Teulon, George K.}}
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1812 births]]
[[Category:1846 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century English journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century British male journalists]]
[[Category:English emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec]]
[[Category:English emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Editors of Texas newspapers]]
[[Category:People from Austin, Texas]]
[[Category:People of the Texas Revolution]]

George K. Teulon - Revision history

Nidanayurveda: Starting Basic Post Added Tags