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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
[[File:SagarLake.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hussain Sagar|Hussain Sagar Lake]]]]
[[Hyderabad]] is located in central [[Telangana]] and is spread over an area of 2,500 km<sup>2</sup>. The city lies in the Deccan Plateau and rises to an average height of 536 m above the sea level. The city lies at 17.366° N latitude and 78.476° E longitude.

Hyderabad is blessed with a unique landscape – spectacular rock formations which are about 2,500 million years old; among the oldest and hardest rocks in the world. Rocky and hilly regions around the city are under obliteration for urbanization. Granite ridges and hillocks weathered into picturesque balancing forms are a part of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] Shield area. Grey and Pink Granites are among the world's oldest. Crops are commonly grown in the surrounding paddy fields. The city's soil type is mainly red sandy with areas of black cotton soil. Hyderabad falls in the seismic zone-II<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bis.org.in/other/quake.htm|title=Indian standards on earthquake engineering|publisher=BIS|location=India|accessdate=2 October 2018}}</ref> and is seismically least exposed to earthquakes.

The highest point in the city is [[Banjara Hills]]. The contour level falls gradually from west to east creating almost a trough near the Musi River which runs through the city. This natural feature has facilitated water supply by gravity. Elevation within the city varies between 672 m in [[Banjara Hills]] and 456 m in Old City. Nearby Southern Border satellite towns like [[Shadnagar]] have an average elevation of about 650 m uniformly.

The original city of Hyderabad was founded on the banks of river [[Musi River, India|Musi]] and has grown over centuries on the both banks of the river. Now known as the historic "Old City", home to the [[Charminar]] and [[Mecca Masjid]], it lies on the southern bank of the river. The city center saw a shift to the north of the river, with the construction of many government buildings and landmarks. Hyderabad and [[Secunderabad]] are called as 'Twin cities' as they are closely linked with each other. A man made lake, known as the [[Hussain Sagar]] Lake, separates the two cities. The rapid growth of the city, along with the growth of [[Secunderabad]] and neighboring municipalities has resulted in a large and populous metropolitan area.

The Musi river originates from [[Anantagiri Hills]] (located 70 km south west of Hyderabad) and joins [[Krishna River]] near Wazirabad in [[Nalgonda]] district. There are two dams built on it - [[Osman Sagar]] and [[Himayat Sagar]]. Both these reservoirs constitute the major drinking water sources for Hyderabad city. These dams also prevented the city from flooding that encountered till the early decades of 20th century. Musi River was called Muchukunda River in pre-historic days. A few bridges cross the river; the oldest, called "Purana Pul" (literally meaning old bridge) was built during the 16th century by the [[Qutb Shahi]] sultans of [[Golconda]].

Today, due to indiscriminate urbanization and lack of planning, the river has become a receptacle for all the untreated domestic and industrial waste waters coming out of Hyderabad and has therefore become polluted. Numerous efforts to clean it have failed. The river water downstream to city is highly polluted.

==Geography ==
[[File:Hyderabad Elevation Model.png|center|500px|The elevation model of Hyderabad and Secunderabad areas, created using ASTER GDEM v2 Data.]]
Hyderabad, the capital of Indian state of Telangana, is located in the central part of the Telangana. Geographically the city is located in the northern part of [[Deccan plateau]], in [[Southern India]] on the banks of Musi River.<ref name="GHMC_city area">{{cite web |url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp |title=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation |work=[[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]] |accessdate=17 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224338/http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp |archivedate=1 January 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Hyderabad_Geo">{{cite web |title=Physical Feature |url=http://www.apind.gov.in/Library/District/hyderabad.pdf |work=AP Government |year=2002 |accessdate=4 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416235458/http://www.apind.gov.in/Library/District/hyderabad.pdf |archivedate=16 April 2012 }}</ref> The modern Hyderabad is spread over an area of {{Convert|1005
|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, making it one of the largest metros in India.<ref name="GHMC_city area"/> The predominant topography of the city is [[Slope|sloping]] [[Rock (geology)|rocky]] [[terrain]] of grey and [[pink granite]]s. Some locations with higher altitude are scattered throughout, giving rise to the appearance of several small hillocks. Hyderebad has an average altitude of about {{convert|1778|ft|m|0}} above [[Sea level|mean sea Level]] (MSL), while the highest point in the city is [[Banjara Hills]] at {{convert|2206|ft|m|0}}.<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo"/><ref name="JNTU_Geo">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad Geography|url=http://jntuhdufr.com/geography|work=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad|JNTU]]|accessdate=4 May 2012}}</ref> The city houses multiple lakes and large water tanks. The lakes in the city are often referred to as ''sagar'' which means sea. The [[Hussain Sagar]] lake, built in 1562, is located at the heart of the city. The [[Osman Sagar]] and [[Himayat Sagar]] are two artificial lakes created as a result of dams on Musi River.<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo"/><ref name="rainwaterharvesting">{{cite web|title=Water sources and water supply|url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/hussain_sagar/hussainsagar%202.pdf|work=rainwaterharvesting.org|page=2|year=2005|accessdate=20 January 2012}}</ref> the Hyderabad houses 140 large and small size lakes in and around its neighborhood and As of 1996, there are 834 water tanks of below the size of 10 [[hectare]].<ref name="Sreoshi Singh">{{cite web|title=Water Security in Peri-Urban South Asia|url=http://saciwaters.org/periurban/Scoping_Study_Report_Hyderabad.pdf|author=Sreoshi Singh|work=SaciWATERs|year=2010|accessdate=18 May 2012}}</ref>

==Neighborhood==
{{See|Neighbourhoods of Hyderabad}}
Historic locality established by [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], on the southern banks of [[Musi River (India)|Musi river]] exists as the '''[[Old City, Hyderabad|Old City]]''', while the '''New City''' encompasses the urban sprawl largely on the northern bank of Musi River. The Old and New Cities are connected by multiple bridges over the river, with the bridge [[Purana pul]] being the oldest.<ref name="Purana pul">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Hyderabad.aspx#1|work=[[The Columbia Encyclopedia]], Sixth Edition|year=2008|accessdate=5 October 2011}}</ref> Hyderabad is [[Twin cities (geographical proximity)|twinned]] with neighboring [[Secunderabad]] which is separated through [[Hussain Sagar]] lake. Both the twins come under the ambit of a single municipal unit of Greater Hyderabad.<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo"/><ref name="ghmc.gov.in">{{cite web |title=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation |url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp |work=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation |accessdate=15 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224338/http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp |archivedate=1 January 2016 }}</ref> The ruined city of Golconda and [[Karwan]] in south and West of the city are the earliest settlement in Hyderabad.<ref name="Alam&Reddy">{{cite book|title=Urban Growth Theories and Settlement Systems of India|publisher=Concept publishing company Pvt Ltd|pages=79–99|year=2011|isbn=978-81-8069-739-5|author=Shah Manzoor Alam and Geeta Reddy}}</ref>

The central Hyderabad developed during the Nizam's era since 18th century is the main nucleus of the city divided by Musi river, The south of the Musi river in Central Hyderabad houses most of historical tourist attractions such as; The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Salarjung Museum, [[Nizam's museum]], [[High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad]], the ''Falaknuma'' Palace, ''Chowmahalla'' Palace, [[Purani Haveli|''Purani Haveli'' Palace]] and [[Mahbub mansion]], the traditional retail corridor—(''Laad Bazaar'', [[Pathargatti|Pearls Market]] and [[Madina, Hyderabad|Madina circle]]) and also [[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station]], [[Hyderabad Race Club]] and [[Nehru Zoological Park]]. The North of the Musi river in central Hyderabad houses the; [[Osmania General Hospital]], [[State Central Library, Hyderabad]], [[Osmania Medical College]] and [[University College for Women, Koti|Women's college]](former [[Koti Residency|British Residency]]), [[Hyderabad Railway Station]] and [[Kachiguda Railway Station]] along with the CBD's such as; [[Begum Bazaar]], [[Koti, Hyderabad|Koti]], ''Osman Gunj'', [[Abids]], [[Sultan Bazaar]], [[Moazzam Jahi Market]], Bank Street, ''Troop Bazaar'' (former French Barracks) and the residential cum commercial areas such as; [[King Kothi Palace]], [[Basheer Bagh Palace]], [[Himayatnagar, Hyderabad|Himayatnagar]], [[Reserve Bank of India#Offices and branches|Reserve Bank of India]], [[Telangana Secretariat]], [[India Government Mint, Hyderabad]], [[Telangana Legislature|Telangana Legislature Assembly]], [[Public Gardens, Hyderabad|Public Garden]], Shahi Mosque, [[Nizam Club]], [[Ravindra Bharathi]], [[AP state museum|State museum]], [[Basheerbagh|Police Commissioner's Office]], [[Birla Mandir, Hyderabad|Birla Temple]], [[Birla Planetarium, Hyderabad|Birla Planetarium]].<ref name="Alam&Reddy"/><ref name="Rao">{{cite book|title=Cities in Transition|publisher=[[Routledge]]|pages=117–140|year=2007|isbn=0-203-39115-2|author=Nirmala Rao}}</ref><ref name="Gopi,Viswambhar,Aggarwal,Shah Alam and Fatima">{{cite book|title=Process of Urban Fringe Development:A Model|publisher=Concept publishing company Pvt Ltd|pages=13–17|year=1978|isbn=978-81-7022-017-6|author=K.N.Gopi}}
*{{cite book|title=Urbanization, Urban Development, and Metropolitan Cities in India|publisher=Concept publishing company Pvt Ltd|pages=375–380|year=2007|isbn=81-8069-412-7|author=Viswambhar Nath and Surinder K.Aggarwal}}
*{{cite book|title=Poverty in Metropolitan Cities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sO1yDYWxsGgC&|publisher=Concept publishing company Pvt Ltd|pages=139–157|year=1987|author=Shah Manzoor Alam and Fatima Ali khan|accessdate=10 June 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Gachibowli hyd.jpg|thumb|left|230px|Gachibowli; a suburb of Hyderabad.]]
To the North of central Hyderabad lies the [[Hussain Sagar|Hussain Sagar Lake]], along with [[Tank Bund Road, Hyderabad|Tank Bund Road]], [[Rani Gunj]] and [[Secunderabad Railway Station]].<ref name="Alam&Reddy"/> Most of the parks, [[Recreational boating|boating]] and recreation locations are situated around the Hussain Sagar Lake such as; Public Garden, Birla planetarium, [[Necklace Road]], [[Sanjeevaiah Park]], [[Indira Park]], [[Lumbini Park]], [[NTR Gardens]], [[Prasads IMAX|IMAX theaters]], [[Snow World]], [[Hussain Sagar#Buddha statue|Buddha purnima]] and [[Hussain Sagar#Patton Tank|Tankbund Park]].<ref name="Hussain Sagar">{{cite web|title=Implementing the Ecosystem Approach to Preserve the Ecological Integrity of Urban Lakes: The Case of Lake Hussainsagar, Hyderabad, India|url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ILBMTrainingMaterials/resources/Hussainsagar.pdf|work=Ecosystem Approach for Conservation of Lake Hussainsagar|page=3|author=Mohan Kodarkar|publisher=International Lake Environment Committee Foundation|accessdate=11 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209123821/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ILBMTrainingMaterials/resources/Hussainsagar.pdf|archive-date=9 December 2012|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite news|title=Hussain Sagar stink is not a bother|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-02-02/hyderabad/28340004_1_hussain-sagar-buddha-statue-stink|date=2 February 2004|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=11 June 2012}}</ref>

The Western and South western areas had grown rapidly in the recent decade and houses, [[HITEC City]], [[Genome Valley]], [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad Airport]], [[ICRISAT]], [[Tolichowki|Toli chowki]], [[Mehdipatnam|Mehdi patnam]], [[Gachibowli]], [[Golconda Fort]], [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]], Osman sagar, Himayath sagar, [[Miyapur]], [[Madhapur]] and [[Jubilee Hills]], [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park|KBR National Park]] and [[Film Nagar]]. To the North-West houses most of the upper class residential areas such as [[Banjara Hills]], [[Jubilee Hills]], [[Raj Bhavan (Andhra Pradesh)|Raj Bhavan]], [[Somajiguda]], [[Begumpet]] and [[Khairatabad]]. The extreme North end houses industrial areas such as [[Sanathnagar]], [[Moosapet]], [[Balanagar, Ranga Reddy|Balanagar]], [[Patancheru|Pathan Cheru]], [[BHEL Township, Hyderabad|BHEL township]] and [[Chanda Nagar]] which have the residential areas such as [[Kukatpally]], [[Lingampally, Hyderabad|Lingampally]] and [[Nizampet]].

To the east of the city lies the [[Ramoji Film City]], and most of the settlements here were developed since after 1969 by the migrants of the [[Telugu people]]; which houses areas such as [[Dilsukhnagar]], [[Kothapet, Hyderabad|Kothapet]], [[Vanasthalipuram]], [[LB Nagar]], [[Hayathnagar|Hayath nagar]], [[Ibrahimpatnam, Ranga Reddy|Ibrahim patnam]] and most of the [[List of defence research centers in Hyderabad, India|defence Research centers]] are located in the east of the Hyderabad.

The North eastern part of the city houses residential colonies particularly for Retired military personnel and Central Government Employees due to the presence of several national institutions like [[Electronics Corporation of India Limited|ECIL]], [[Nuclear Fuel Complex|NFC]], [[Indian Institute of Chemical Technology]], [[National Geophysical Research Institute|NGRI]] and [[National Institute of Nutrition|NIN]]. Neighbourhoods include [[Malkajgiri]], [[Sainikpuri]], [[Neredmet]], [[A. S. Rao Nagar]], [[Tarnaka]], [[Osmania University]], [[Habsiguda]], [[Marredpally]], [[Bowenpally]], [[Trimulgherry]], [[Secunderabad Cantonment Board|Secunderabad Cantonment]] and [[Uppal Kalan|Uppal]].<ref name="Alam&Reddy"/><ref name="Rao"/><ref name="Gopi,Viswambhar,Aggarwal,Shah Alam and Fatima"/>

The three Industrial districts of the city are located in Chandulal Bhardari (South), Sanathnagar (Northwest) and [[Azamabad Industrial Estate|Azamabad]] (North).<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo"/> Industrial Suburbs of Hyderabad are; [[Ghatkesar]], [[Hayathnagar]], [[Air Force Academy, Dundigul|Dundigal]], [[Shamirpet]], [[Shamshabad]] and [[Narsingi, Ranga Reddy|Narsingi]].<ref name="Gopi,Viswambhar,Aggarwal,Shah Alam and Fatima"/> The city has warehousing facilities at [[Musheerabad]] (North), [[Kachiguda]] (Central) and Sanathnagar (North). Important vegetable and fruit markets are located at [[Monda Market]], [[Madannapet mandi|Madannapet]], [[Jambagh flower market]], [[Bharat Nagar]], Mir Alam mandi, [[Gaddiannaram Fruit Market|Gaddiannaram]] and [[Gudimalkapur market|Gudimalkapur]]. ''Raitu Bazar'' located in the different parts of the city core are the small scale vegetable markets controlled by the GHMC. Fish Markets are located in Secunderabad, Begum bazaar, Puranapul, Mangalghat and M.J.Market.<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo"/> The city have five slaughter houses located in Ziaguda, Gowlipura, Ramnasthpura, [[Amberpet]] and Bhoiguda. A modern abattoir at [[Chengicherla]] in the suburb of the city.<ref name="postnoon">{{cite news|title=Slaughterhouse Five: City drags feet on modernisation|url=http://postnoon.com/2012/02/23/slaughterhouse-five-city-drags-feet-on-modernisation/31920|work=Postnoon|date=23 February 2012|accessdate=11 June 2012}}</ref>

==Climate==
{{climate chart
|[[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
Period - 1951-2000
|15.2|28.8|13.2
|17.6|31.9|7.9
|20.8|35.4|15.3
|24.3|37.9|20.2
|26.2|39.0|35.7
|24.0|34.5|103.8
|22.6|30.8|169.9
|22.1|29.8|178.7
|22.0|30.5|158.3
|20.3|30.6|97.2
|16.9|29.0|22.4
|14.5|28.0|5.9
|source= [http://imd.gov.in/doc/climateimp.pdf] IMD
|float=left
|clear=left
}}[[File:A foggy day in Hyderabad, India.JPG|thumbnail|A foggy day in Hyderabad]]Hyderabad has a unique combination of a [[tropical savanna climate|tropical wet and dry]] climate that borders on a hot [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BSh'').

The climate of Hyderabad remains fairly warm through most parts of the year and does not receive much rainfall in the monsoon. With the onset of winters in North and central parts of India, temperatures marginally come down in the months of December and January and the nights become quite cool in and around the Hyderabad city. During the summer months, the mercury goes as high as 42 °C while in winters the minimum temperature may come down to as low as 12 °C. June to November are the months of monsoons, accompanied by rains. During the Monsoons also the temperature goes down at times. Thus, for most parts of the year the weather and climate of Hyderabad remains fairly moderate and you can visit the Hyderabad city anytime in the year but the best season to visit Hyderabad is between October–February.

Hot steppe type climate prevails over Hyderabad. Telangana district in which Hyderabad is situated is the hottest part of the State during summer and coldest in winter. The mean daily temperature varies from 30 °C to 36 °C from April to June and from 20 °C to 24 °C in the months of December and January.

The mean maximum temperature ranges between 39 °C and 43 °C in May. After the withdrawal of the monsoon, the maximum temperature rises slightly due to increased insulation.

The mean minimum temperature is 13 °C to 17 °C in December and January, but it rises to 26 °C to 29 °C in May. The minimum temperature falls rapidly after October, and less than 10 °C was recorded on individual days.

The climate is pleasant from November to February. The summer months of April and May are uncomfortable due to oppressive heat. The period from July to September is warm, humid and uncomfortable

'''Rainfall'''

More than 75 per cent of the rainfall is received during the south-west monsoon season, i.e., from June to September, July being the month when it rains. September is the month, when there are rains. The south-west monsoon sets in by 7 June. Its advent is sudden and the rainfall increases from less than 5 per cent (of the annual) in May to 15 per cent in June.

'''Humidity'''

Humidity during the monsoon season is very high exceeding 75% from July to September. In the dry months of March, April and May, humidity is comparatively low with an average of 25 to 30%.

'''Cloudiness'''

June to October is the period when more than half of the sky is covered with clouds, while only about a quarter of the sky is clouded from January to March. Half of the days in July and August have overcast skies. About 10 to 13 days in the months of January, February and March, the skies are free from clouds in clear weather.

'''Recent Temperature Increases'''

According to [[India Meteorological Department]], the summer months of April and May 2009 recorded the warmest temperatures since 1901, with mean maximum temperatures hovering frequently at around 42 °C with maximum temperature touching 45 °C.

{{Hyderabad weatherbox}}

== See also ==

* [[Hyderabad]]
* [[History of Hyderabad]]
* [[List of neighbourhoods in Hyderabad]]
* [[List of tourist attractions in Hyderabad]]
* [[Culture of Hyderabad]]
* [[Hyderabadi cuisine]]
* [[Economy of Hyderabad]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Portalbar|Hyderabad}}

[[Category:Geography of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Hyderabad, India]]

Geography of Hyderabad - Revision history

>Limited Idea4me: Reverting edit(s) by 60.243.172.122 (talk) to rev. 1018162089 by GreenC bot: Unexplained content removal (RW 16.1)

imported>GreenC bot: Rescued 1 archive link; reformat 1 link. Wayback Medic 2.5