Geoffrey Langlands - Revision history

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	'''Geoffrey Douglas Langlands''' [[Order of St. Michael and St. George\|CMG]], [[Order of the British Empire\|MBE]], [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz\|HI]], [[Nishan-e-Pakistan\|SPk]] (21 October 1917 – 2 January 2019) was a British educationalist who spent most of his life teaching in and leading [[education in Pakistan\|schools in Pakistan]], instructing many of the country's elite. In World War II he served as a [[Major (United Kingdom)\|Major in the British Army]], and afterwards in the [[British Indian Army]], where he worked to keep the peace during the [[Partition of India\|partition of the British Indian Empire]] in 1947.<ref name=Walsh>{{cite news\| title=He has been kidnapped and taken tea with princesses: a British major's life teaching in the Hindu Kush\| first=Declan\| last=Walsh\| date=10 August 2009\| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/aug/10/geoffrey-langlands-pakistan-school\| work=[[The Guardian]]\| location=[[Manchester]]\| access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> He transferred to the [[Pakistani Army]] at the birth of the country, and returned to a career in education, first of army officers. Then, at the invitation of [[President of Pakistan\|the President]], he joined the so-called "[[Eton College\|Eton]] of Pakistan", [[Aitchison College]] in [[Lahore]].<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Drury \|first1=Flora \|title=Relic of the Raj who schooled a nation \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46757125 \|access-date=7 January 2019 \|work=BBC News \|date=6 January 2019}}</ref> After 25 years there, he left to lead a [[military high school]], [[Cadet College Razmak]].<ref name="Langlands turns 100">{{cite news \|last1=Reporter \|first1=A. \|title=Langlands turns 100 \|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1365420 \|access-date=6 January 2019 \|work=DAWN.COM \|date=22 October 2017 \|language=en}}</ref> He ended his career by taking on a new school in [[Chitral]] and raising it to internationally high standards; he continued to lead it into his 90s, when it was renamed in his honour [[Langlands School and College]].<ref>{{cite news \|~~last1~~=~~Editor~~ \|~~first1~~=~~T. N. S.~~ \|title=Chitral and back in a jiffy \|url=http://tns.thenews.com.pk/chitral-and-back-in-a-jiffy/~~#.XDOefmj7S01~~ \|~~access-date~~=7 January 2019 \|work=TNS - The News on Sunday \|date=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news\| title=Briton There at Pakistan's Birth Stays at 94, a Living Textbook\| first=Declan\| last=Walsh\| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/09/world/asia/formidable-pakistan-school-losing-longtime-teacher.html?_r=0\| work=[[The New York Times]]\| date=8 June 2012\| access-date=29 December 2014\|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=Hasan>{{cite news\|title=Chitral's patron saint \|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/todays-news-9-216067-chitrals-patron-saint \|access-date=29 December 2014 \|first=Masood \|last=Hasan \|work=[[The News International]] \|date=24 November 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213005636/http://www.thenews.com.pk/todays-news-9-216067-chitrals-patron-saint \|archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name=Observer>{{cite news\|title=TWS to honour Langtands services \|url=http://pakobserver.net/201401/09/detailnews.asp?id=229856 \|access-date=29 December 2014 \|work=[[Pakistan Observer]] \|date=9 January 2014 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209130719/http://pakobserver.net/201401/09/detailnews.asp?id=229856 \|archive-date=9 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name=BBC>{{cite web\| title=Meet the 92 year-old teacher finally calling it a day\| date=6 May 2010\| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8664333.stm\| work=[[BBC News]]\| access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>		'''Geoffrey Douglas Langlands''' [[Order of St. Michael and St. George\|CMG]], [[Order of the British Empire\|MBE]], [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz\|HI]], [[Nishan-e-Pakistan\|SPk]] (21 October 1917 – 2 January 2019) was a British educationalist who spent most of his life teaching in and leading [[education in Pakistan\|schools in Pakistan]], instructing many of the country's elite. In World War II he served as a [[Major (United Kingdom)\|Major in the British Army]], and afterwards in the [[British Indian Army]], where he worked to keep the peace during the [[Partition of India\|partition of the British Indian Empire]] in 1947.<ref name=Walsh>{{cite news\| title=He has been kidnapped and taken tea with princesses: a British major's life teaching in the Hindu Kush\| first=Declan\| last=Walsh\| date=10 August 2009\| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/aug/10/geoffrey-langlands-pakistan-school\| work=[[The Guardian]]\| location=[[Manchester]]\| access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> He transferred to the [[Pakistani Army]] at the birth of the country, and returned to a career in education, first of army officers. Then, at the invitation of [[President of Pakistan\|the President]], he joined the so-called "[[Eton College\|Eton]] of Pakistan", [[Aitchison College]] in [[Lahore]].<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Drury \|first1=Flora \|title=Relic of the Raj who schooled a nation \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46757125 \|access-date=7 January 2019 \|work=BBC News \|date=6 January 2019}}</ref> After 25 years there, he left to lead a [[military high school]], [[Cadet College Razmak]].<ref name="Langlands turns 100">{{cite news \|last1=Reporter \|first1=A. \|title=Langlands turns 100 \|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1365420 \|access-date=6 January 2019 \|work=DAWN.COM \|date=22 October 2017 \|language=en}}</ref> He ended his career by taking on a new school in [[Chitral]] and raising it to internationally high standards; he continued to lead it into his 90s, when it was renamed in his honour [[Langlands School and College]].<ref>{{cite news \|last=Rashid \|first=Salman \|title=Chitral and back in a jiffy \|url=http://tns.thenews.com.pk/chitral-and-back-in-a-jiffy/ \|accessdate=7 January 2019 \|work=TNS - The News on Sunday \|date=9 August 2015\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233030/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/chitral-and-back-in-a-jiffy/\|archivedate=7 January 2019\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news\| title=Briton There at Pakistan's Birth Stays at 94, a Living Textbook\| first=Declan\| last=Walsh\| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/09/world/asia/formidable-pakistan-school-losing-longtime-teacher.html?_r=0\| work=[[The New York Times]]\| date=8 June 2012\| access-date=29 December 2014\|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=Hasan>{{cite news\|title=Chitral's patron saint \|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/todays-news-9-216067-chitrals-patron-saint \|access-date=29 December 2014 \|first=Masood \|last=Hasan \|work=[[The News International]] \|date=24 November 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213005636/http://www.thenews.com.pk/todays-news-9-216067-chitrals-patron-saint \|archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name=Observer>{{cite news\|title=TWS to honour Langtands services \|url=http://pakobserver.net/201401/09/detailnews.asp?id=229856 \|access-date=29 December 2014 \|work=[[Pakistan Observer]] \|date=9 January 2014 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209130719/http://pakobserver.net/201401/09/detailnews.asp?id=229856 \|archive-date=9 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name=BBC>{{cite web\| title=Meet the 92 year-old teacher finally calling it a day\| date=6 May 2010\| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8664333.stm\| work=[[BBC News]]\| access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Langlands was born in <!--21 October--> 1917, with a twin brother,<ref name="Aaj News">{{cite news \|last1=Ahmed \|first1=Alize \|title=Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school \|url=https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ \|access-date=6 January 2019 \|work=Aaj News \|archive-date=6 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106040722/https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Kingston upon Hull\|Hull]], England, to a father employed in an Anglo-American company and a mother who was a classical folk dance instructor. His father died <!--27 October 1918,--> in the [[1918 flu pandemic]]<ref name="Aaj">{{cite news \|title=Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school \|url=https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ \|work=Aaj News \|access-date=2 January 2019 \|archive-date=6 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106040722/https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref> that killed millions worldwide. His mother then took her children to her parents' home in [[Bristol]].		Langlands was born in <!--21 October--> 1917, with a twin brother,<ref name="Aaj News">{{cite news \|last1=Ahmed \|first1=Alize \|title=Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school \|url=https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ \|access-date=6 January 2019 \|work=Aaj News \|archive-date=6 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106040722/https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Kingston upon Hull\|Hull]], England, to a father employed in an Anglo-American company and a mother who was a classical folk dance instructor. His father died <!--27 October 1918,--> in the [[1918 flu pandemic]]<ref name="Aaj">{{cite news \|title=Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school \|url=https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ \|work=Aaj News \|access-date=2 January 2019 \|archive-date=6 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106040722/https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref> that killed millions worldwide. His mother then took her children to her parents' home in [[Bristol]].

	She died of cancer ten years later, as soon thereafter did the children's grandfather,<ref name="Aaj"/> leaving Langlands and his siblings without any living relatives. He was given a free place at [[King’s College, Taunton]] (an [[~~Independent school (~~United Kingdom)\|~~independent~~]] - i.e.fee-paying - school) by its headmaster, a family friend.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Tweedie \|first1=Neil \|title=Major Geoffrey Langlands, 94, leaves his post in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province after 60 years \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/9326681/Major-Geoffrey-Langlands-94-leaves-his-post-in-Pakistans-North-West-Frontier-Province-after-60-years.html \|access-date=7 January 2019 \|date=13 June 2012}}</ref> His older brother received a scholarship to an orphan school in Bristol, and a family friend helped secure positions for the other children.<ref name=Shaukat>{{cite news\| title=Major Langlands: The blue-eyed boy\| first=Aroosa\| last=Shaukat\| url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/646750/major-langlands-the-blue-eyed-boy/\| access-date=29 December 2014\| work=[[The Express Tribune]]\| location=Pakistan\| date=22 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Third World Solidarity to honour Major Langlands, hold press conference \|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/punjab/09-Jan-2014/third-world-solidarity-to-honour-major-langlands-hold-press-conference \|first=Saira \|last=Agha \|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] \|access-date=29 December 2014 \|work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)\|Daily Times]] \|date=9 January 2014 \|location=Pakistan \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209124334/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/punjab/09-Jan-2014/third-world-solidarity-to-honour-major-langlands-hold-press-conference \|archive-date=9 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name=Raha>{{cite news\| title=Bound by duty\| first=Sonali\| last=Raha\| url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/bound-by-duty-1.348373\| access-date=29 December 2014\| work=[[Gulf News]]\| location=[[Dubai]]\| date=25 February 2003}}</ref>		She died of cancer ten years later, as soon thereafter did the children's grandfather,<ref name="Aaj"/> leaving Langlands and his siblings without any living relatives. He was given a free place at [[King’s College, Taunton]] (a [[Private schools in the United Kingdom\|private]] - i.e.fee-paying - school) by its headmaster, a family friend.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Tweedie \|first1=Neil \|title=Major Geoffrey Langlands, 94, leaves his post in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province after 60 years \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/9326681/Major-Geoffrey-Langlands-94-leaves-his-post-in-Pakistans-North-West-Frontier-Province-after-60-years.html \|access-date=7 January 2019 \|date=13 June 2012}}</ref> His older brother received a scholarship to an orphan school in Bristol, and a family friend helped secure positions for the other children.<ref name=Shaukat>{{cite news\| title=Major Langlands: The blue-eyed boy\| first=Aroosa\| last=Shaukat\| url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/646750/major-langlands-the-blue-eyed-boy/\| access-date=29 December 2014\| work=[[The Express Tribune]]\| location=Pakistan\| date=22 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Third World Solidarity to honour Major Langlands, hold press conference \|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/punjab/09-Jan-2014/third-world-solidarity-to-honour-major-langlands-hold-press-conference \|first=Saira \|last=Agha \|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] \|access-date=29 December 2014 \|work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)\|Daily Times]] \|date=9 January 2014 \|location=Pakistan \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209124334/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/punjab/09-Jan-2014/third-world-solidarity-to-honour-major-langlands-hold-press-conference \|archive-date=9 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name=Raha>{{cite news\| title=Bound by duty\| first=Sonali\| last=Raha\| url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/bound-by-duty-1.348373\| access-date=29 December 2014\| work=[[Gulf News]]\| location=[[Dubai]]\| date=25 February 2003}}</ref>

	==Career==		==Career==
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	*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/01/02/major-geoffrey-langlands-schoolmaster-wartime-commando-quintessential/ ''Telegraph'' obituary] {{subscription required}}		*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/01/02/major-geoffrey-langlands-schoolmaster-wartime-commando-quintessential/ ''Telegraph'' obituary] {{subscription required}}
	*[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/obituaries/geoffrey-langlands-dead.html "Obituaries: Geoffrey Langlands, Lauded British Educator in Pakistan, Dies at 101"], Daniel Victor and Sana ul-Haq, ''New York Times'', 3 January 2019		*[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/obituaries/geoffrey-langlands-dead.html "Obituaries: Geoffrey Langlands, Lauded British Educator in Pakistan, Dies at 101"], Daniel Victor and Sana ul-Haq, ''New York Times'', 3 January 2019

	~~{{authority control}}~~

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Langlands, Geoffrey}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Langlands, Geoffrey}}

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{{Short description|British educationalist (1917–2019)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Geoffrey Douglas Langlands
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of St. Michael and St. George|CMG]], [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]], [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI]], [[Nishan-e-Pakistan|SPk]]
| image = A Teacher "Mr. Langland.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Geoffrey Langlands in 2012
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| nickname = Major Langlands of Pakistan
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|10|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kingston upon Hull]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2019|01|02|1917|10|21}}
| death_place = [[Aitchison College]], [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| allegiance =[[File:Flag_of_the_United Kingdom.svg|24px]] [[United Kingdom]] [[File:British Raj Red Ensign.svg|24px]] [[British Indian Empire]] {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Dominion of Pakistan]]
|branch= {{army|United Kingdom}} {{army|British India}} {{army|Pakistan}}
| serviceyears = 1939–1953
|rank= [[Major]]
| servicenumber = 
| unit =
| commands =
|battles= [[World War II]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]
| battles_label =
|awards= [[Sitara-e-Pakistan]] [[File:Crescent of Excellence Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|32px]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz]] [[File:UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg|32px]] [[Order of St Michael and St George]] [[File:Order of the British Empire (Civil) Ribbon.png|32px]] [[Order of the British Empire]]
| memorials =
| spouse = 
| relations =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| laterwork = Headmaster [[Aitchison College]] Principal [[Cadet College Razmak]] Principal [[Langlands School and College]]
| module =
}}
'''Geoffrey Douglas Langlands''' [[Order of St. Michael and St. George|CMG]], [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]], [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI]], [[Nishan-e-Pakistan|SPk]] (21 October 1917 – 2 January 2019) was a British educationalist who spent most of his life teaching in and leading [[education in Pakistan|schools in Pakistan]], instructing many of the country's elite. In World War II he served as a [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major in the British Army]], and afterwards in the [[British Indian Army]], where he worked to keep the peace during the [[Partition of India|partition of the British Indian Empire]] in 1947.<ref name=Walsh>{{cite news| title=He has been kidnapped and taken tea with princesses: a British major's life teaching in the Hindu Kush| first=Declan| last=Walsh| date=10 August 2009| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/aug/10/geoffrey-langlands-pakistan-school| work=[[The Guardian]]| location=[[Manchester]]| access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> He transferred to the [[Pakistani Army]] at the birth of the country, and returned to a career in education, first of army officers. Then, at the invitation of [[President of Pakistan|the President]], he joined the so-called "[[Eton College|Eton]] of Pakistan", [[Aitchison College]] in [[Lahore]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Drury |first1=Flora |title=Relic of the Raj who schooled a nation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46757125 |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=BBC News |date=6 January 2022}}</ref> After 25 years there, he left to lead a [[military high school]], [[Cadet College Razmak]].<ref name="Langlands turns 100">{{cite news |last1=Reporter |first1=A. |title=Langlands turns 100 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1365420 |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=DAWN.COM |date=22 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref> He ended his career by taking on a new school in [[Chitral]] and raising it to internationally high standards; he continued to lead it into his 90s, when it was renamed in his honour [[Langlands School and College]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Editor |first1=T. N. S. |title=Chitral and back in a jiffy |url=http://tns.thenews.com.pk/chitral-and-back-in-a-jiffy/#.XDOefmj7S01 |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=TNS - The News on Sunday |date=9 August 2022}}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news| title=Briton There at Pakistan's Birth Stays at 94, a Living Textbook| first=Declan| last=Walsh| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/09/world/asia/formidable-pakistan-school-losing-longtime-teacher.html?_r=0| work=[[The New York Times]]| date=8 June 2012| access-date=29 December 2014|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=Hasan>{{cite news|title=Chitral's patron saint |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/todays-news-9-216067-chitrals-patron-saint |access-date=29 December 2014 |first=Masood |last=Hasan |work=[[The News International]] |date=24 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213005636/http://www.thenews.com.pk/todays-news-9-216067-chitrals-patron-saint |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name=Observer>{{cite news|title=TWS to honour Langtands services |url=http://pakobserver.net/201401/09/detailnews.asp?id=229856 |access-date=29 December 2014 |work=[[Pakistan Observer]] |date=9 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209130719/http://pakobserver.net/201401/09/detailnews.asp?id=229856 |archive-date=9 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name=BBC>{{cite web| title=Meet the 92 year-old teacher finally calling it a day| date=6 May 2010| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8664333.stm| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref>

==Early life==
Langlands was born in  1917, with a twin brother,<ref name="Aaj News">{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Alize |title=Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school |url=https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=Aaj News |archive-date=6 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106040722/https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], England, to a father employed in an Anglo-American company and a mother who was a classical folk dance instructor. His father died  in the [[1918 flu pandemic]]<ref name="Aaj">{{cite news |title=Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school |url=https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ |work=Aaj News |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-date=6 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106040722/https://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/campaigner-of-education-major-geoffrey-of-the-hindu-kush-retires-from-school/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> that killed millions worldwide. His mother then took her children to her parents' home in [[Bristol]].

She died of cancer ten years later, as soon thereafter did the children's grandfather,<ref name="Aaj"/> leaving Langlands and his siblings without any living relatives. He was given a free place at [[King’s College, Taunton]] (an [[Independent school (United Kingdom)|independent]] - i.e.fee-paying - school) by its headmaster, a family friend.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tweedie |first1=Neil |title=Major Geoffrey Langlands, 94, leaves his post in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province after 60 years |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/9326681/Major-Geoffrey-Langlands-94-leaves-his-post-in-Pakistans-North-West-Frontier-Province-after-60-years.html |access-date=7 January 2019 |date=13 June 2022}}</ref> His older brother received a scholarship to an orphan school in Bristol, and a family friend helped secure positions for the other children.<ref name=Shaukat>{{cite news| title=Major Langlands: The blue-eyed boy| first=Aroosa| last=Shaukat| url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/646750/major-langlands-the-blue-eyed-boy/| access-date=29 December 2014| work=[[The Express Tribune]]| location=Pakistan| date=22 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Third World Solidarity to honour Major Langlands, hold press conference |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/punjab/09-Jan-2014/third-world-solidarity-to-honour-major-langlands-hold-press-conference |first=Saira |last=Agha |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |access-date=29 December 2014 |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |date=9 January 2014 |location=Pakistan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209124334/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/punjab/09-Jan-2014/third-world-solidarity-to-honour-major-langlands-hold-press-conference |archive-date=9 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name=Raha>{{cite news| title=Bound by duty| first=Sonali| last=Raha| url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/bound-by-duty-1.348373| access-date=29 December 2014| work=[[Gulf News]]| location=[[Dubai]]| date=25 February 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
===Military career===
In July 1935, Langlands completed his A Level education and began his teaching career in London, the following year at age 18.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} In September 1936, he was a mathematics and science teacher to second grade students in a school in Croydon.<ref name=Raha/> When [[World War II]] began in 1939, Langlands joined the British Army as an enlisted soldier. In 1942, Langlands became a [[commando]] and took part in the [[Dieppe Raid]].<ref name=Shaukat/>

In January 1944, Langlands arrived in [[British India]] as an army volunteer on a troop carrier and worked three years as part of the selection board for officers training in [[Bangalore]]. Rising to the acting rank of [[troop sergeant major]], he received an emergency commission in the [[British Indian Army]] as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Garhwal Rifles]] on 3 September 1944.<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47">{{cite book|pages=857|title=Indian Army List (Special Edition) 1947|publisher=Government of India Press|year=1947}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36821|page=5523|date=1 December 1944}}</ref> After Bangalore, Langlands was stationed in [[Dehradun]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Major Geoffrey Langlands was 30 years old at Partition |url=https://www.dawn.com/in-depth/partition/story/major-geoffrey-langlands/ |work=Dawn}}</ref> He was promoted to temporary captain on 28 July 1945, subsequently transferring to the [[14th Punjab Regiment]].<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/> During the [[partition of India|partition of the sub-continent]] in 1947 when India and Pakistan became independent nations, Langlands decided to move to Pakistan and was transferred to [[Rawalpindi]] where he joined the [[Pakistan Army]].<ref name=Tweedie>{{cite news| title=Goodbye to Major Geoffrey Langlands of the Hindu Kush| first=Neil| last=Tweedie| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatlife/9958980/Goodbye-to-Major-Geoffrey-Langlands-of-the-Hindu-Kush.html| access-date=29 December 2014| work=[[Telegraph Media Group|The Telegraph]]| date=30 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=Crilly>{{cite news| title=Former major, 93, honoured for 60 years teaching in tribal Pakistan| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8075841/Former-major-93-honoured-for-60-years-teaching-in-tribal-Pakistan.html| access-date=29 December 2014| last=Crilly| first=Rob| work=The Telegraph| date=20 October 2022}}</ref>

===Teaching career===
[[File:Aitchisoncollege.jpeg|thumb|Aitchison College]]
[[File:Chitral in summer.JPG|thumb|Chitral in summer]]
Langlands began his career in Pakistan by working as an instructor for the country's newly created army. He selected and trained officers for approximately six years.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} Upon the completion of the contract with Pakistan Army, British Army troops began to leave the country, and Langlands had to decide what to do next. [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]], then [[President of Pakistan]], asked him to stay and teach, which he immediately agreed to do.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |title=Relic of the Raj who schooled a nation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46757125 |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=BBC News |date=6 January 2022}}</ref>

He devoted the next 25 years to the so-called "Eton of Pakistan", [[Aitchison College]] in [[Lahore]],<ref name="BBC News"/> teaching mathematics to "upper-crust young Pakistanis destined to lead in business, politics and the army"<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Declan |title=He has been kidnapped and taken tea with princesses: a British major's life teaching in Pakistan's Hindu Kush |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/aug/10/geoffrey-langlands-pakistan-school |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=9 August 2022}}</ref> and rising to be the college's dean<ref name="Samaa TV">{{cite news |title=Major Geoffrey Langlands, former Aitchison dean and lifelong educationist, passes away |url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2019/01/major-geoffrey-langlands-former-aitchison-dean-and-lifelong-educationist-passes-away/ |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=Samaa TV}}</ref> and headmaster of its [[Preparatory school (United Kingdom)|prep school]].<ref name="Langlands turns 100"/>

In 1979, the [[List of Chief Ministers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Chief Minister of the Northwest Frontier Province]] (now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]) offered Langlands the post of principal at [[Cadet College Razmak]] in [[North Waziristan]].<ref name="Langlands turns 100"/> IN April Langlands joined the Cadet College, which had been created only the year before,<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://ccr.edu.pk/history-2/ |website=Cadet College Razmak |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> and served until September 1989.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Reporter |first1=A. |title=Langlands turns 100 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1365420 |work=DAWN.COM |date=22 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

In late 1989, Langlands took charge of the first private school in [[Chitral]], which was later renamed [[Langlands School and College]] in his honour.<ref name="BBC News"/> The school, founded in September 1988 by local Deputy Commissioner Javed Majeed,<ref>{{cite news |title=In Memory of Maj Geoffrey Douglas Langlands |url=https://www.chitralnews.com/2019/01/05/in-memory-of-maj-geoffrey-douglas-langlands/ |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=Chitral News |date=5 January 2022}}</ref> grew steadily under his leadership. From 80 pupils it grew to 800, about a third girls, and many won scholarships to universities.<ref name="BBC News"/>

Langlands served the school for the rest of his life. He suffered a stroke in 2008, which hastened the search for a replacement. By the time [[Declan Walsh (journalist)|Declan Walsh]] reported on the man and the school in 2009, it was clear that standards had slipped, and the financial situation was parlous; the district's top official said Langlands was ""A brilliant teacher but not a good manager."<ref name="The Guardian"/> Eventually another principal was found, and Langlands reluctantly agreed to move to [[grace and favour]] accommodation on the grounds of Aitchison College, as it was thought that he could do more good for the Chitral school by fundraising in the capital.<ref name="Aaj"/> At the age of 94 in September 2012, he moved back to Lahore.<ref>{{cite news| title=Class, say hello to Miss Chips of the Hindu Kush| url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/newsreview/features/article1062002.ece| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212942/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/newsreview/features/article1062002.ece| url-status=dead| archive-date=14 July 2014| first=Margarette| last=Driscoll| access-date=29 December 2014| work=[[The Sunday Times]]| date=17 June 2012|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Langlands disagreed with some of the changes his successor - also a British citizen - began to put in place.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Newspaper |first1=the |title=Tale of a Chitral school |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1192459/tale-of-a-chitral-school |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=DAWN.COM |date=5 July 2015 |language=en}}</ref> He attempted to prevent [[Carey Schofield]] from doing her work by asking a former pupil, [[Chaudhary Nisar Ali Khan]], the [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Interior Minister]], to deny her a [[work visa]].<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |last1=Boone |first1=Jon |title=Exiled head returns to Pakistan school after legendary predecessor relents |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/15/exiled-head-returns-pakistan-school-geoffrey-langland-chitral |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=15 February 2022}}</ref> Eventually scores of the college staff boarded a school bus for the 1000 km drive to Lahore, where they met with Langlands and persuaded him to allow Schofield to continue her work.<ref name="theguardian.com"/>

He [[centenarian|turned 100]] in October 2017, which was celebrated with a party which many luminaries attended, as reported in ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1365420|title=Langlands turns 100|publisher=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|author=Staff|date=22 October 2017|access-date=1 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Legendary Englishman in row over fate of Pakistan school that bears his name |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/26/legendary-englishman-geoffrey-langlands-row-over-pakistan-school |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

== Death and legacy==
Geoffrey Langlands died at the age of 101 in a hospital in Lahore on 2 January 2019 following a brief illness.<ref name="TN">{{cite web |title=PM Imran Khan's teacher Major Geoffrey Douglas Langlands passes away |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/413857-pm-imran-khans-teacher |publisher=The News |access-date=4 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Retired Major Geoffrey Langlands passes away at the age of 101 in Lahore |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1455053/ |work=Dawn}}</ref> [[Al-Jazeera]] called him one of the country's "most respected educators"<ref>{{cite news |title=Major Langlands, Pakistan's favourite headteacher, dies at 101 {{!}} News {{!}} Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/major-langlands-pakistan-favourite-headmaster-dies-101-190102140946143.html |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> The [[BBC]] said his "death [sent] a whole country into mourning"<ref name="BBC News"/>

Many of his students, especially those from Aitchison College, rose to high places. One of those was the Prime Minister of Pakistan [[Imran Khan]]. In a tweet he paid tribute: "Apart from being our teacher, he instilled the love for trekking and our northern areas in me - before the KKH ([[Karakoram Highway]]) was built".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/413873-pm-imran-khan-saddened-over-demise-of-his-teacher-major-geoffrey-douglas-langlands | title=PM Imran Khan saddened over demise of his teacher Major Geoffrey Douglas Langlands | date=2 January 2019 | newspaper=[[The News International]]}}</ref> Other former students include Foreign Minister [[Shah Mahmood Qureshi]]{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} and [[Aleem Khan]].<ref name="Samaa TV"/>

''[[Aaj News]]'' called Langlands "a phenomenon":<blockquote>Generations of Pakistanis owe their education to him. In a career lasting 60 years, he has sought to maintain the ethos of the English public school in an alien land, long after the sun set on the empire he served. Britain has changed out of all recognition since Langlands departed its shores in the middle of the Second World War to serve with the Indian Army. By going away and staying away, his old-fashioned brand of Britishness, involving service rather than gain, has been preserved.<ref name="Aaj News"/></blockquote>

==Recognition==
*Member of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (MBE; 1982)
*[[Order of St Michael and St George]] (CMG; 2010)<ref>{{cite news |title=Major Langlands – a man committed to education |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/575472/ |work=Dawn}}</ref>
*[[Hilal-e-Imtiaz]] (HI; 2011)
*[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz]] (1987)
*Sitara-i-Pakistan (SPk, 2004)<ref>{{cite news|title=Major Langland, made for awards|url=http://www.chitralnews.com/News-langlandsAwards-26-Mar-11.htm|access-date=4 November 2015|date=2022}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hugh Catchpole]] – British educator who lived in Pakistan
*[[Ruth Pfau]] – medical doctor who served leprosy patients in Pakistan
*[[Hal Bevan-Petman]] – English artist who lived in Pakistan and painted many famous Pakistanis
*[[Maureen P. Lines]] – British social worker who worked with the Kalasha people of Northern Pakistan

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*[https://audioboom.com/boos/277231-bbc-s-owen-bennett-jones-interviews-major-langland#t=0m41s BBC's Owen Bennett-Jones interviews Major Langland]
*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/01/02/major-geoffrey-langlands-schoolmaster-wartime-commando-quintessential/ ''Telegraph'' obituary] {{subscription required}}
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/obituaries/geoffrey-langlands-dead.html "Obituaries: Geoffrey Langlands, Lauded British Educator in Pakistan, Dies at 101"], Daniel Victor and Sana ul-Haq, ''New York Times'', 3 January 2019

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Langlands, Geoffrey}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Aitchison College]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:British centenarians]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:English emigrants to Pakistan]]
[[Category:Schoolteachers from Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Men centenarians]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistan Army officers]]
[[Category:Pakistani centenarians]]
[[Category:Pakistani educational theorists]]
[[Category:Pakistani school principals and headteachers]]
[[Category:People from Kingston upon Hull]]
[[Category:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz]]