Gentoo (term) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:54, 23 December 2021
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	{{About\|a European term referring to people in [[India]]\|\|Gentoo (disambiguation){{!}}Gentoo}}		{{About\|a European term referring to people in [[India]]\|\|Gentoo (disambiguation){{!}}Gentoo}}
	[[File:The Ordeal Trial practised by the Gentoos.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|"The [[Trial by ordeal\|Ordeal Trial]] practis'd by the Gentoos", 1770 [[copper]] [[engraving]].]]		[[File:The Ordeal Trial practised by the Gentoos.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|"The [[Trial by ordeal\|Ordeal Trial]] practis'd by the Gentoos", 1770 [[copper]] [[engraving]].]]
	'''Gentoo''', also spelled '''Gentue''' or '''Jentue''', was a term used by [[Ethnic groups in Europe\|Europeans]] for the [[Indigenous peoples\|native inhabitants]] of [[India]] before the word [[Hindu]], with its religious connotation, was used to distinguish a group from [[Muslims]] and members of other religious groups in India.<ref name="R1">{{cite book \|last= Dalgado \|first= Sebastião Rodolfo \|author2=Anthony Xavier Soares \|title= Portuguese vocables in Asiatic languages: from the Portuguese original of Monsignor Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado, Volume 1 \|publisher= Asian Educational Services \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3qk-p5hKuccC~~&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167~~&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile~~#v=onepage~~&q=~~Gentoo%2C%20anglo-indian%2C%20hindu%2C%20gentile&f=false~~\|year= 1988 \|pages= 167–168 \|isbn= 978-8120604131 }}</ref><ref name="R3">{{cite web \|url= http://sahoo.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/who-invented-hinduism.pdf \|title= Who Invented Hinduism?\|pages=1–15 \|publisher= sahoo.files.wordpress.com \|access-date= March 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R5">{{cite book \|last= Ernst \|first= Carl W. \|title= Eternal garden: mysticism, history, and politics at a South Asian Sufi center\|publisher= SUNY Press\|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VgIOryEPymcC~~&pg=PA287&lpg=PA287~~&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile~~#v=onepage~~&q=~~Gentoo%2C%20anglo-indian%2C%20hindu%2C%20gentile&f=false~~\|year= 1992 \|page= 287 \|isbn= 978-0791408841 }}</ref><ref name="R6">		'''Gentoo''', also spelled '''Gentue''' or '''Jentue''', was a term used by [[Ethnic groups in Europe\|Europeans]] for the [[Indigenous peoples\|native inhabitants]] of [[India]] before the word [[Hindu]], with its religious connotation, was used to distinguish a group from [[Muslims]] and members of other religious groups in India.<ref name="R1">{{cite book \|last= Dalgado \|first= Sebastião Rodolfo \|author2=Anthony Xavier Soares \|title= Portuguese vocables in Asiatic languages: from the Portuguese original of Monsignor Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado, Volume 1 \|publisher= Asian Educational Services \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3qk-p5hKuccC&dq=Gentoo%2C+anglo-indian%2C+hindu%2C+gentile&pg=PA167\|year= 1988 \|pages= 167–168 \|isbn= 978-8120604131 }}</ref><ref name="R3">{{cite web \|url= http://sahoo.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/who-invented-hinduism.pdf \|title= Who Invented Hinduism?\|pages=1–15 \|publisher= sahoo.files.wordpress.com \|access-date= March 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R5">{{cite book \|last= Ernst \|first= Carl W. \|title= Eternal garden: mysticism, history, and politics at a South Asian Sufi center\|publisher= SUNY Press\|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VgIOryEPymcC&dq=Gentoo%2C+anglo-indian%2C+hindu%2C+gentile&pg=PA287\|year= 1992 \|page= 287 \|isbn= 978-0791408841 }}</ref><ref name="R6">
	{{cite web \|url= http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/NoDefinitionofHinduism.htm \|title= The English Invention of Hinduism\|publisher= raceandhistory.com \|access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R8">{{cite book \|last= Yule \|first= Henry \|author2=A. C. Burnell \|author3=William Crooke \|title= A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases \|publisher= Routledge \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC~~&pg=PA367&lpg=PA367~~&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile~~#v=onepage~~&~~q&f~~=~~false~~\|year= 1996 \|pages= 367–368 \|isbn= 978-0700703210 }}</ref>		{{cite web \|url= http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/NoDefinitionofHinduism.htm \|title= The English Invention of Hinduism\|publisher= raceandhistory.com \|access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R8">{{cite book \|last= Yule \|first= Henry \|author2=A. C. Burnell \|author3=William Crooke \|title= A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases \|publisher= Routledge \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile&pg=PA367\|year= 1996 \|pages= 367–368 \|isbn= 978-0700703210 }}</ref>

	''Gentio'' and ''Gentoo'' terms were applied historically to [[indigenous peoples]] of India; later, to [[Telugu people\|Telugu-speaking persons]] and [[Telugu language\|their language]] in then [[Madras Presidency\|Madras Province]] (now the [[Andhra Pradesh\|Andhra]] region), as opposed to the [[Malbars]], or [[Tamil people\|Tamil speakers]] and [[Tamil language\|their language]] (in what is now [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R2">{{cite journal \|title= Situating the Gentoo in History \|journal= Economic and Political Weekly\|volume= 36\|issue= 7\|pages= 576–594\|jstor = 4410294\|last1 = Srivastava\|first1 = Sushil\|year= 2001}}</ref><ref name="R7">{{cite web \|url= http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031110000759/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm \|url-status= dead \|archive-date= November 10, 2003 \|title= Origins of 'India' \|author=Anand \|work= [[The Hindu]] \|date= 2002-03-03 \|access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref> An example from the Monsignor Sebastiao Rodolfo Dalgado is "moros, gentivos e maos christãos".<ref name="R3"/>		''Gentio'' and ''Gentoo'' terms were applied historically to [[indigenous peoples]] of India; later, to [[Telugu people\|Telugu-speaking persons]] and [[Telugu language\|their language]] in then [[Madras Presidency\|Madras Province]] (now the [[Andhra Pradesh\|Andhra]] region), as opposed to the [[Malbars]], or [[Tamil people\|Tamil speakers]] and [[Tamil language\|their language]] (in what is now [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R2">{{cite journal \|title= Situating the Gentoo in History \|journal= Economic and Political Weekly\|volume= 36\|issue= 7\|pages= 576–594\|jstor = 4410294\|last1 = Srivastava\|first1 = Sushil\|year= 2001}}</ref><ref name="R7">{{cite web \|url= http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031110000759/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm \|url-status= dead \|archive-date= November 10, 2003 \|title= Origins of 'India' \|author=Anand \|work= [[The Hindu]] \|date= 2002-03-03 \|access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref> An example from the Monsignor Sebastiao Rodolfo Dalgado is "moros, gentivos e maos christãos".<ref name="R3"/>
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	{{quote\|And before this kingdom of Guzerate fell into the hands of the Moors, a certain race of Gentios whom the moors called Resbutos dwelt therein.<ref name="R1"/>}}		{{quote\|And before this kingdom of Guzerate fell into the hands of the Moors, a certain race of Gentios whom the moors called Resbutos dwelt therein.<ref name="R1"/>}}

	According to 19th century philologist and Orientalist [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed\|N.B. Halhed]], there was a fanciful [[Derivation (linguistics)\|derivation]] of ''Gentoo'' from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''jantu'', meaning "~~animal~~".<ref name="R3"/>		According to 19th century philologist and Orientalist [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed\|N.B. Halhed]], there was a fanciful [[Derivation (linguistics)\|derivation]] of ''Gentoo'' from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''jantu'', meaning "creature".<ref name="R3"/>

	The word [[Hindu]] is not originally Indian. Instead, the word ''Hindu'' started to acquire religious connotations only after the arrival of [[Muslim]]s. The very first attempt by the British to establish social laws on the [[Indian subcontinent]] for administrative purposes (in order to assert the distinctiveness of Indian jurisprudence) was named ''[[Gentoo Code\|A Code of Gentoo Law]]''. The first digest of Indian legislation was published in 1776, was funded by the [[East India Company]], supported by [[Warren Hastings]], and was translated from [[Persian language\|Persian]] into [[English language\|English]] by [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed\|Halhed]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R7"/>		The word [[Hindu]] is not originally Indian. Instead, the word ''Hindu'' started to acquire religious connotations only after the arrival of [[Muslim]]s. The very first attempt by the British to establish social laws on the [[Indian subcontinent]] for administrative purposes (in order to assert the distinctiveness of Indian jurisprudence) was named ''[[Gentoo Code\|A Code of Gentoo Law]]''. The first digest of Indian legislation was published in 1776, was funded by the [[East India Company]], supported by [[Warren Hastings]], and was translated from [[Persian language\|Persian]] into [[English language\|English]] by [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed\|Halhed]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R7"/>

103.242.189.210 at 00:18, 16 June 2021

2021-06-16T00:18:51Z

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{{short description|Historical European term for Hindus of India}}
{{About|a European term referring to people in [[India]]||Gentoo (disambiguation){{!}}Gentoo}}
[[File:The Ordeal Trial practised by the Gentoos.jpg|thumb|300px|"The [[Trial by ordeal|Ordeal Trial]] practis'd by the Gentoos", 1770 [[copper]] [[engraving]].]]
'''Gentoo''', also spelled '''Gentue''' or '''Jentue''', was a term used by [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] for the [[Indigenous peoples|native inhabitants]] of [[India]] before the word [[Hindu]], with its religious connotation, was used to distinguish a group from [[Muslims]] and members of other religious groups in India.<ref name="R1">{{cite book |last= Dalgado |first= Sebastião Rodolfo |author2=Anthony Xavier Soares |title= Portuguese vocables in Asiatic languages: from the Portuguese original of Monsignor Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado, Volume 1 |publisher= Asian Educational Services |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3qk-p5hKuccC&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile#v=onepage&q=Gentoo%2C%20anglo-indian%2C%20hindu%2C%20gentile&f=false|year= 1988 |pages= 167–168 |isbn= 978-8120604131 }}</ref><ref name="R3">{{cite web |url= http://sahoo.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/who-invented-hinduism.pdf |title= Who Invented Hinduism?|pages=1–15 |publisher= sahoo.files.wordpress.com |access-date= March 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R5">{{cite book |last= Ernst |first= Carl W. |title= Eternal garden: mysticism, history, and politics at a South Asian Sufi center|publisher= SUNY Press|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VgIOryEPymcC&pg=PA287&lpg=PA287&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile#v=onepage&q=Gentoo%2C%20anglo-indian%2C%20hindu%2C%20gentile&f=false|year= 1992 |page= 287 |isbn= 978-0791408841 }}</ref><ref name="R6">
{{cite web |url= http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/NoDefinitionofHinduism.htm |title= The English Invention of Hinduism|publisher= raceandhistory.com |access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R8">{{cite book |last= Yule |first= Henry |author2=A. C. Burnell |author3=William Crooke |title= A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases |publisher= Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC&pg=PA367&lpg=PA367&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile#v=onepage&q&f=false|year= 1996 |pages= 367–368 |isbn= 978-0700703210 }}</ref>

''Gentio'' and ''Gentoo'' terms were applied historically to [[indigenous peoples]] of India; later, to [[Telugu people|Telugu-speaking persons]] and [[Telugu language|their language]] in then [[Madras Presidency|Madras Province]] (now the [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] region), as opposed to the [[Malbars]], or [[Tamil people|Tamil speakers]] and [[Tamil language|their language]] (in what is now [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R2">{{cite journal |title= Situating the Gentoo in History |journal= Economic and Political Weekly|volume= 36|issue= 7|pages= 576–594|jstor = 4410294|last1 = Srivastava|first1 = Sushil|year= 2001}}</ref><ref name="R7">{{cite web |url= http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031110000759/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= November 10, 2003 |title= Origins of 'India' |author=Anand |work= [[The Hindu]] |date= 2002-03-03 |access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref> An example from the Monsignor Sebastiao Rodolfo Dalgado is "moros, gentivos e maos christãos".<ref name="R3"/>
It was also an [[Anglo-Indian]] slang term used in the 17th and 18th centuries; however, in the 20th century, the word became derogatory.<ref name="R8"/><ref name="R4">{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Gentoo_Penguin |title= Nature Wildlife - Gentoo Penguin|work= bbc.co.uk |publisher= bbc |access-date= March 16, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R10">{{cite web |url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-youngworld/article2044401.ece |title= Gliding Gentoos|quote=As to why they are called Gentoo is not clear. According to the Oxford English Dictionary Gentoo was an Anglo-Indian term |publisher= thehindu.com |access-date= March 16, 2012 }}</ref>

==Etymology==

It is unclear why Indians were called ''Gentoo''. As [[Portuguese people]] arrived in India for trade, [[religious conversion]]s, and [[Colonization|colonisation]] before other Europeans, it is possible that the word was derived from the Portuguese word ''Gentio'': a gentile, a heathen, or native. The Portuguese also appear to have used it to distinguish the inhabitants of India from [[Muslims]], the [[Moro people|Moros]] or [[Moors]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R5"/><ref name="R10"/>
{{quote|And before this kingdom of Guzerate fell into the hands of the Moors, a certain race of Gentios whom the moors called Resbutos dwelt therein.<ref name="R1"/>}}

According to 19th century philologist and Orientalist [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed|N.B. Halhed]], there was a fanciful [[Derivation (linguistics)|derivation]] of ''Gentoo'' from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''jantu'', meaning "animal".<ref name="R3"/>

The word [[Hindu]] is not originally Indian. Instead, the word ''Hindu'' started to acquire religious connotations only after the arrival of [[Muslim]]s. The very first attempt by the British to establish social laws on the [[Indian subcontinent]] for administrative purposes (in order to assert the distinctiveness of Indian jurisprudence) was named ''[[Gentoo Code|A Code of Gentoo Law]]''. The first digest of Indian legislation was published in 1776, was funded by the [[East India Company]], supported by [[Warren Hastings]], and was translated from [[Persian language|Persian]] into [[English language|English]] by [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed|Halhed]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R7"/>
{{quote|The Gentues, the portugal idiom for Gentiles, are the Aborgines, who enjoyed their freedom, till the Moors or Scythian Tartars... undermining them, took advantage of the civil Commotions.<ref name="R1"/>}}

After the term ''Hindu'' as a religion was established to represent non-Muslims and non-Christians, the word ''Gentoo'' became archaic and then obsolete, while its application on [[Telugu people]] and [[Telugu language]] (present Andhra region, part of [[Andhra Pradesh]]) in then [[Madras Province]] continued to distinguish them from [[Tamil people]] and [[Tamil language]] or [[Malbars]] (''present'': Tamil Nadu) in then Madras Province.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R2"/>

==See also==
*[[Anglo-Hindu law]]
*[[The Asiatic Society]]
*[[Hindoo]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1236/1/Final_Thesis.pdf William Jones and Representations of Hinduism in British Poetry - Author: Kurt Andrew Johnson]
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13968/13968-h/13968-h.htm The Works Of The Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. IX. (of 12) - Author: Edmund Burke]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gentoo, Gentue}}
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Pejorative terms for people]]
[[Category:Political metaphors referring to people]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:16, 12 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{short description\|Historical European term for Hindus of India}}		{{short description\|Historical European term for Hindus of India}}
	{{About\|a European term referring to people in [[India]]\|\|Gentoo (disambiguation){{!}}Gentoo}}		{{About\|a European term referring to people in [[India]]\|\|Gentoo (disambiguation){{!}}Gentoo}}
	[[File:The Ordeal Trial practised by the Gentoos.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|"The [[Trial by ordeal\|Ordeal Trial]] practis'd by the Gentoos", 1770 [[copper]] [[engraving]].]]		[[File:The Ordeal Trial practised by the Gentoos.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|"The [[Trial by ordeal\|Ordeal Trial]] practis'd by the Gentoos", 1770 [[copper]] [[engraving]]]]
	'''Gentoo''', also spelled '''Gentue''' or '''Jentue''', was a term used by [[Ethnic groups in Europe\|Europeans]] for the [[Indigenous peoples\|native inhabitants]] of [[India]] before the word [[Hindu]], with its religious connotation, was used to distinguish a group from [[Muslims]] and members of other religious groups in India.<ref name="R1">{{cite book \|last= Dalgado \|first= Sebastião Rodolfo \|author2=Anthony Xavier Soares \|title= Portuguese vocables in Asiatic languages: from the Portuguese original of Monsignor Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado, Volume 1 \|publisher= Asian Educational Services \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3qk-p5hKuccC&dq=Gentoo%2C+anglo-indian%2C+hindu%2C+gentile&pg=PA167\|year= 1988 \|pages= 167–168 \|isbn= 978-8120604131 }}</ref><ref name="R3">{{cite web \|url= http://sahoo.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/who-invented-hinduism.pdf \|title= Who Invented Hinduism?\|pages=1–15 \|publisher= sahoo.files.wordpress.com \|access-date= March 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R5">{{cite book \|last= Ernst \|first= Carl W. \|title= Eternal garden: mysticism, history, and politics at a South Asian Sufi center\|publisher= SUNY Press\|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VgIOryEPymcC&dq=Gentoo%2C+anglo-indian%2C+hindu%2C+gentile&pg=PA287\|year= 1992 \|page= 287 \|isbn= 978-0791408841 }}</ref><ref name="R6">		[[File:Robert Mabon - Gentoo Mendicant - B1977.14.22279 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg\|thumb\|"Gentoo [[Mendicant]]", Robert Mabon, 1790s]]
			'''Gentoo''', also spelled '''Gentue''', '''Gentow''' or '''Jentue''', was a term used by [[Ethnic groups in Europe\|Europeans]] for the [[Indigenous peoples\|native inhabitants]] of [[India]] before the word [[Hindu]], with its religious connotation, was used to distinguish a group from [[Muslims]] and members of other religious groups in India.<ref name="R1">{{cite book \|last= Dalgado \|first= Sebastião Rodolfo \|author2=Anthony Xavier Soares \|title= Portuguese vocables in Asiatic languages: from the Portuguese original of Monsignor Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado, Volume 1 \|publisher= Asian Educational Services \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3qk-p5hKuccC&dq=Gentoo%2C+anglo-indian%2C+hindu%2C+gentile&pg=PA167\|year= 1988 \|pages= 167–168 \|isbn= 978-8120604131 }}</ref><ref name="R3">{{cite web \|url= http://sahoo.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/who-invented-hinduism.pdf \|title= Who Invented Hinduism?\|pages=1–15 \|publisher= sahoo.files.wordpress.com \|access-date= March 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R5">{{cite book \|last= Ernst \|first= Carl W. \|title= Eternal garden: mysticism, history, and politics at a South Asian Sufi center\|publisher= SUNY Press\|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VgIOryEPymcC&dq=Gentoo%2C+anglo-indian%2C+hindu%2C+gentile&pg=PA287\|year= 1992 \|page= 287 \|isbn= 978-0791408841 }}</ref><ref name="R6">
	{{cite web \|url= http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/NoDefinitionofHinduism.htm \|title= The English Invention of Hinduism\|publisher= raceandhistory.com \|access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R8">{{cite book \|last= Yule \|first= Henry \|author2=A. C. Burnell \|author3=William Crooke \|title= A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases \|publisher= Routledge \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile&pg=PA367\|year= 1996 \|pages= 367–368 \|isbn= 978-0700703210 }}</ref>		{{cite web \|url= http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/NoDefinitionofHinduism.htm \|title= The English Invention of Hinduism\|publisher= raceandhistory.com \|access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R8">{{cite book \|last= Yule \|first= Henry \|author2=A. C. Burnell \|author3=William Crooke \|title= A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases \|publisher= Routledge \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile&pg=PA367\|year= 1996 \|pages= 367–368 \|isbn= 978-0700703210 }}</ref>

	''Gentio'' and ''Gentoo'' terms were applied historically to [[indigenous peoples]] of India; later, to [[Telugu people\|~~Telugu-speaking persons~~]] and [[Telugu language\|their language]] in then [[Madras Presidency\|Madras Province]] (now the [[Andhra Pradesh\|Andhra]] ~~region~~), as opposed to the [[Malbars]], or [[Tamil people\|~~Tamil speakers~~]] and [[Tamil language\|their language]] (in what is now [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R2">{{cite journal \|title= Situating the Gentoo in History \|journal= Economic and Political Weekly\|volume= 36\|issue= 7\|pages= 576–594\|jstor = 4410294\|last1 = Srivastava\|first1 = Sushil\|year= 2001}}</ref><ref name="R7">{{cite web \|url= http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031110000759/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm \|url-status= dead \|archive-date= November 10, 2003 \|title= Origins of 'India' \|author=Anand \|work= [[The Hindu]] \|date= 2002-03-03 \|access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref> An example from the Monsignor Sebastiao Rodolfo Dalgado is "moros, gentivos e maos christãos".<ref name="R3"/>		''Gentio'' and ''Gentoo'' terms were applied historically to [[indigenous peoples]] of India; later, to [[Telugu people\|Telugus]] and [[Telugu language\|their language]] in then [[Madras Presidency\|Madras Province]] (now the [[Andhra Pradesh\|Andhra]] and [[Telangana]] regions),<ref>{{Cite book \|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.27436 \|title=A vocabulary of Gentoo and English \|date=1818 \|publisher=Commercial Press, Madras}}</ref> as opposed to the [[Malbars]], or [[Tamil people\|Tamils]] and [[Tamil language\|their language]] (in what is now [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R2">{{cite journal \|title= Situating the Gentoo in History \|journal= Economic and Political Weekly\|volume= 36\|issue= 7\|pages= 576–594\|jstor = 4410294\|last1 = Srivastava\|first1 = Sushil\|year= 2001}}</ref><ref name="R7">{{cite web \|url= http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031110000759/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm \|url-status= dead \|archive-date= November 10, 2003 \|title= Origins of 'India' \|author=Anand \|work= [[The Hindu]] \|date= 2002-03-03 \|access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref> An example from the Monsignor Sebastiao Rodolfo Dalgado is "moros, gentivos e maos christãos".<ref name="R3"/>
	It was also an [[Anglo-Indian]] slang term used in the 17th and 18th centuries; however, in the 20th century, the word became derogatory.<ref name="R8"/><ref name="R4">{{cite web \|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Gentoo_Penguin \|~~title~~= ~~Nature Wildlife - Gentoo Penguin~~\|work= bbc.co.uk \|publisher= bbc \|~~access~~-date= ~~March 16~~, ~~2012~~ }}</ref><ref name="R10">{{cite web \|url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-youngworld/article2044401.ece \|~~title~~= ~~Gliding Gentoos~~\|quote=As to why they are called Gentoo is not clear. According to the Oxford English Dictionary Gentoo was an Anglo-Indian term \|~~publisher~~= thehindu.com \|~~access~~-~~date~~= ~~March 16, 2012~~ }}</ref>		It was also an [[Anglo-Indian]] slang term used in the 17th and 18th centuries; however, in the 20th century, the word became derogatory.<ref name="R8"/><ref name="R4">{{cite web \|title=Nature Wildlife - Gentoo Penguin \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Gentoo_Penguin \|access-date=March 16, 2012 \|work=bbc.co.uk \|publisher=bbc \|archive-date=July 12, 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712233810/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Gentoo_Penguin \|url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref name="R10">{{cite web \|title=Gliding Gentoos \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-youngworld/article2044401.ece \|access-date=March 16, 2012 \|publisher=thehindu.com \|quote=As to why they are called Gentoo is not clear. According to the Oxford English Dictionary Gentoo was an Anglo-Indian term \|archive-date=February 4, 2013 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204015548/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-youngworld/article2044401.ece \|url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==

	It is unclear why Indians were called ''Gentoo''. As [[Portuguese people]] arrived in India for trade, [[religious conversion]]s, and [[Colonization\|colonisation]] before other Europeans, it is possible that the word was derived from the Portuguese word ''Gentio'': a gentile, a heathen, or native. The Portuguese also appear to have used it to distinguish the inhabitants of India from [[Muslims]], the [[Moro people\|Moros]] or [[Moors]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R5"/><ref name="R10"/>		It is unclear why Indians were called ''Gentoo''. As [[Portuguese people]] arrived in India for trade, [[religious conversion]]s, and [[Colonization\|colonisation]] before other Europeans, it is possible that the word was derived from the Portuguese word ''Gentio'': a [[gentile]], a heathen, or native. The Portuguese also appear to have used it to distinguish the inhabitants of India from [[Muslims]], the [[Moro people\|Moros]] or [[Moors]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R5"/><ref name="R10"/>
	{{quote\|And before this kingdom of Guzerate fell into the hands of the Moors, a certain race of Gentios whom the moors called Resbutos dwelt therein.<ref name="R1"/>}}		{{quote\|And before this kingdom of Guzerate fell into the hands of the Moors, a certain race of Gentios whom the moors called Resbutos dwelt therein.<ref name="R1"/>}}

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	The word [[Hindu]] is not originally Indian. Instead, the word ''Hindu'' started to acquire religious connotations only after the arrival of [[Muslim]]s. The very first attempt by the British to establish social laws on the [[Indian subcontinent]] for administrative purposes (in order to assert the distinctiveness of Indian jurisprudence) was named ''[[Gentoo Code\|A Code of Gentoo Law]]''. The first digest of Indian legislation was published in 1776, was funded by the [[East India Company]], supported by [[Warren Hastings]], and was translated from [[Persian language\|Persian]] into [[English language\|English]] by [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed\|Halhed]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R7"/>		The word [[Hindu]] is not originally Indian. Instead, the word ''Hindu'' started to acquire religious connotations only after the arrival of [[Muslim]]s. The very first attempt by the British to establish social laws on the [[Indian subcontinent]] for administrative purposes (in order to assert the distinctiveness of Indian jurisprudence) was named ''[[Gentoo Code\|A Code of Gentoo Law]]''. The first digest of Indian legislation was published in 1776, was funded by the [[East India Company]], supported by [[Warren Hastings]], and was translated from [[Persian language\|Persian]] into [[English language\|English]] by [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed\|Halhed]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R7"/>
	{{quote\|The Gentues, the portugal idiom for Gentiles, are the ~~Aborgines~~, who enjoyed their freedom, till the Moors or Scythian Tartars... undermining them, took advantage of the civil Commotions.<ref name="R1"/>}}		{{quote\|The Gentues, the portugal idiom for Gentiles, are the Aborigines, who enjoyed their freedom, till the Moors or Scythian Tartars... undermining them, took advantage of the civil Commotions.<ref name="R1"/>}}

	After the term ''Hindu'' as a religion was established to represent non-Muslims and non-Christians, the word ''Gentoo'' became archaic and then obsolete, while its application on [[Telugu people]] and [[Telugu language]] (present Andhra region, part of [[Andhra Pradesh]]) in then [[Madras Province]] continued to distinguish them from [[Tamil people]] and [[Tamil language]] or [[Malbars]] (''present'': Tamil Nadu) in then Madras Province.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R2"/>		After the term ''Hindu'' as a religion was established to represent non-Muslims and non-Christians, the word ''Gentoo'' became archaic and then obsolete, while its application on [[Telugu people]] and [[Telugu language]] (present Andhra region, part of [[Andhra Pradesh]]) in then [[Madras Province]] continued to distinguish them from [[Tamil people]] and [[Tamil language]] or [[Malbars]] (''present'': Tamil Nadu) in then Madras Province.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R2"/>
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	==External links==		==External links==
	*[~~http~~://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1236/1/Final_Thesis.pdf William Jones and Representations of Hinduism in British Poetry - Author: Kurt Andrew Johnson]		*[https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1236/1/Final_Thesis.pdf William Jones and Representations of Hinduism in British Poetry - Author: Kurt Andrew Johnson]
	*[~~http~~://www.gutenberg.org/files/13968/13968-h/13968-h.htm The Works Of The Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. IX. (of 12) - Author: Edmund Burke]		*[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/13968/13968-h/13968-h.htm The Works Of The Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. IX. (of 12) - Author: Edmund Burke]

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Gentoo, Gentue}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Gentoo, Gentue}}
	[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]		[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
	[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]		[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
	[[Category:~~Pejorative terms for people~~]]		[[Category:Ethnic and religious slurs]]
	[[Category:Political metaphors referring to people]]		[[Category:Political metaphors referring to people]]