NamVanwagenen: brief adjusted layout further and fixed typos

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brief adjusted layout further and fixed typos

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Removed parameters. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom‎ | via #UCB_Category 41/1078

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=
|Ship caption=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag=[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|60px]] {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|Ship yard number=
|Ship owner=*1813: M'Tagart
*1813: EIC
*1830: Tindall
*1854: Michael
*1856: Wilson
|Ship builder=Matthew Smith, [[Howrah]]{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=103}}
|Ship name=''General Hewett''
|Ship namesake=[[Sir George Hewett, 1st Baronet]]
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=1811,<ref name=BL>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS045-001115035 British Library: ''General Hewitt''.]</ref> [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal]]{{refn|The ''Register of Shipping'' for 1814 gives her origin as Bombay,<ref name=RS1814>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024214440?urlappend=%3Bseq=268 ''Register of Shipping'' (1814), Seq.№64.]</ref> which is either an error, or reflects a change of registry from Calcutta to Bombay prior to her sale in Britain.|group=Note}}
|Ship fate=Sold in 1864 for a hulk or to be broken up
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Ship type=
| Ship tons burthen = 894,{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=103}} or 898,<ref name=BL/> or 960,<ref name=House>House (1814), p.627.</ref> or 960{{small|{{frac|52|94}}}},{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=114}} or 970<ref name=RS1814/> ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
| Ship length =*{{convert|147|ft|2|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (overall)<ref name=BL/>
*{{convert|118|ft|7|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (keel)<ref name=BL/>
| Ship beam = {{convert|37|ft|9|in|m|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=BL/>
| Ship draft =
| Ship hold depth = {{convert|15|ft|0|in|m|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=BL/>
|Ship draught=
|Ship propulsion=Sail
|Ship speed=
|Ship complement=
|Ship armament=*1814:18 × 18-pounder [[carronade]]s<ref name=RS1814/>
*Or: 14 guns
|Ship notes= In 1854 the [[Moorsom System|Moorsom Commission]] devised a new measurement system [[Gross register tonnage]] (register tonnage). On this metric, ''General Hewett'' measured 1055 tons.<ref name=Riddiford>Riddiford, Merron, ''Western District Families'',[http://mywdfamilies.wordpress.com/2013/03/10/the-general-hewitt-portland-bay-1856/] - accessed 25 November 2014.</ref>
}}
|}

'''''General Hewett''''', sometimes spelled '''''General Hewart''''' or '''''General Hewitt''''', was a three-deck sailing ship launched at Calcutta in 1811. The British [[East India Company]] (EIC) purchased her to use her in the China trade. However, unlike most [[East Indiamen]], on her first voyage from England she transported [[convict]]s from England to Australia. Thereafter, she performed five voyages for the EIC. The EIC sold her in 1830 and she then became a general merchantman. In 1864 she was sold for a hulk or to be broken up.

==Career==
''General Hewett'' was admitted to the Registry of Great Britain on 14 November 1813.<ref name=House/> She first appears in the ''Register of Shipping'' in 1814 with M'Tagart as both master and owner.<ref name=RS1814/> By then her owner had sold her to the EIC.{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=103}} At the time the EIC purchased ''General Hewitt'', the company had only three vessels of its own. It chartered all the rest, including the ones built expressly for the EIC's trade.<ref>''Macmillan's Magazine'', Vol. 18, p.78.</ref>

===Convict transport (1813-14)===
Under the command of Captain Percy Earl, ''General Hewitt'' sailed from England on 26 August 1813, with 300 male convicts, 104 crew, 70 soldiers, 15 women and five children. The soldiers came from the [[46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot|46th Regiment of Foot]] and guarded the convicts. She sailed in company with {{ship||Wanstead|1813 ship|2}} and [[Chilean ship Lautaro (1818)|''Windham'']], and under the escort of [[HMS Cornwallis (1805)|HMS ''Akbar'']], at least for the early part of the voyage.{{sfnp|McPhee|2006|pp=16-17}} The convoy also included {{ship||Roxburgh Castle|1809 ship|2}}, which was carrying military equipment to the [[Cape of Good Hope]], and {{ship||Chapman|1777 ship|2}}, which was transporting an army detachment to the Cape and [[Isle of France (Mauritius)|Île de France]] (Mauritius).{{sfnp|McPhee|2006|pp=16-17}}

''General Hewett'' arrived at [[Port Jackson]] on 7 February 1814, having travelled via [[Madeira]] and [[Rio de Janeiro]].{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|pp=290-1}}

The voyage took 165 days, during which 34 male convicts died,{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|p=327}} a large number, mostly of contagious [[dysentery]]. The losses on ''General Hewitt'', {{ship||Surry|1811 ship|2}}, and [[Three Bees]] led in 1814 to Surgeon [[William Redfern]] preparing a report for Governor [[Lachlan Macquarie]] on the sanitary problems of the ships transporting convicts to New South Wales. This report led to a great improvement in conditions, including the appointment of a medical officer for each voyage.

''General Hewett'' left Port Jackson on 6 April bound for [[Ceylon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71247621 |title=Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work=Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.16 |publisher= |access-date=21 August 2012}}</ref> She carried the main contingent of the [[73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot|73rd Regiment of Foot]] (10 officers, including the commanding officer, Lt. Col. Maurice O'Connell, 362 rank and file, 96 women, and 163 children), which the 46th Regiment was replacing.<ref>''Regimental History - 1809-1815'',{{cite web |url=http://73rdregiment.tripod.com/id10.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-11-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129040415/http://73rdregiment.tripod.com/id10.html |archive-date=29 November 2014 |df=dmy-all }} - accessed 21 November 2014.</ref> They arrived in Colombo on 18 August 1814.

===EIC===
''General Hewett'' made five trips to China or India for the EIC between 1816 and 1825.{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=114}}

====Voyage #1 (1816-17)====
Captain Walter Campbell left Portsmouth on 9 February 1816, in company with {{HMS|Alceste|1806|6}} and the brig {{HMS|Lyra|1810|6}}, which were carrying [[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst|Lord Amherst]] on his 1816 diplomatic mission to China. The group reached [[Madeira]] on 19 February. ''Lyra'' and ''General Hewitt'' went on to [[Simon's Bay]] on 13 April, [[Batavia (Dutch East Indies)|Batavia]] on 12 June, [[Hong Kong]] bay on 10 July, and [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Whampoa]] on 22 October.<ref name=BL/> ''Alceste'' sailed to [[Rio de Janeiro]] and met up with the other two vessels on 9 June at the [[Anyer|Anjere]] [[Roadstead|roads]].<ref>''Asiatic Journal'', Vol. 5 (1818), p.488.</ref>

After Lord Amherst had landed at [[Taku Forts|Taku]] to proceed to [[Beijing|Peking]], ''Alceste'' and ''General Hewett'' had gone to [[Guangzhou|Canton]]. There the authorities refused permission for ''Alceste'' to ascend the river and ordered the local merchants to deny ''General Hewitt'' any cargo. ''Alceste'' fired several broadsides at the fort and junks that attempted to block her way, and proceeded to anchor at the usual place. Shortly thereafter ''Alceste'' received fresh provisions, and ''General Hewett'' a cargo. The firing that had taken place at the mouth of the river was officially described as a "friendly interchange of salutes".<ref>''Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine'', Vol. 89 (January 1861), pp.53-54.</ref>

On her return voyage ''General Hewett'' crossed the [[Pearl River (China)|Second Bar]] on 4 December and reached [[Saint Helena|St Helena]] on 12 March 1817. She arrived at [[The Downs (ship anchorage)|the Downs]] on 12 May.<ref name=BL/> Part of the presents for the Emperor of China, which Lord Amherst had not been able to deliver due to a disagreement between the British and the Court over protocol, had been sold in Canton and ''General Hewett'' was returning with the rest.<ref>''The Edinburgh monthly magazine'' [afterw.] ''Blackwood's Edinburgh magazine'' [afterw.] ''Blackwood's magazine'', Vol 1 (May 1817), p.205.</ref>

====Voyage #2 (1818-19)====
Captain Peter Cameron left the Downs on 28 May 1818, bound for [[Bengal]] and [[Chennai|Madras]]. On 14 September ''General Hewett'' arrived at the New Anchorage, [[Kolkatta|Calcutta]]. As she made her way back down the coast, she reached [[Kakinada|Coninga]] on 30 December, and then Madras on 9 January 1819. Homeward bound, she reached [[Colombo]] on 28 February, [[Port Louis]] on 13 April, and St Helena on 30 June. She arrived at [[Gravesend, Kent#Gravesend and Thames|Long Reach]] on September.<ref name=BL/>

====Voyage #3 (1820-21)====
Captain James Pearson left the Downs on 15 April 1820 for China.<ref name=BL/> On 7 August, while navigating Clement's Strait, the eastern branch of [[Gaspar Strait]] between [[Bangka Island|Banca]] and [[Belitung|Billiton]] islands, ''General Hewett'' struck a rock and was aground for about 15 minutes. The rock came to be known as General Hewitt's Rock.{{sfnp|Horsburgh |1836|p=175}}

''General Hewett'' arrived at Whampoa on 28 August. On the return leg of her voyage she crossed the Second Bar on 5 November, reaching [[Cape colony|the Cape]] on 28 February 1821 and St Helena on 31 March. She arrived at Long Reach on 30 May.<ref name=BL/>

This return voyage was not without incident as His Majesty's Customs at [[Cape Town]] seized her cargo and that of ''Marchioness of Ely'' on account of defective manifests. This case also involved an issue of jurisdiction between the [[Vice admiralty court]] and the Court of Justice. The EIC's agent at Cape Town had to post bond in order for the vessels to continue on their journeys.

====Voyage #4 (1822-23)====
Captain Pearson left the Downs again on 19 June 1822 for Bengal.<ref name=BL/> On this voyage she carried part of the [[16th The Queen's Lancers|16th Lancers]], which regiment was transferring to India.<ref>''Historical Record...'' (1842), p.87.</ref> ''General Hewett'' reached the Cape on 1 October and arrived at the New Anchorage on 23 December. She was back at the Cape on 4 May 1823, and St Helena 16 days later. She arrived at Blackwall, on the Thames on 26 July.<ref name=BL/>

====Voyage #5 (1824-25)====
Captain Thomas William Barrow,{{sfnp|Hardy|1835|pp=18&29}} who had served aboard ''General Hewett'' as first officer on her previous voyage,{{sfnp|Hardy|1835|pp=18&29}} left the Downs on 23 June 1824 for Bengal. [''General Hewett'' arrived at the New Anchorage on 30 October. She left Bengal on 8 March 1825 and reached St Helena on 24 May.<ref name=BL/> ''General Hewitt'', Barrow, commander, was reported to be off Weymouth on 18 July. She arrived at Long Reach on 20 July.<ref name=BL/>

The EIC sold ''General Hewett'' to William Tindall on 22 September 1830 for £6250.<ref name=BL/>

===Merchantman===
As a merchantman, ''General Hewett'' made numerous voyages to Australia carrying immigrants.

''General Hewett'' received a new deck, wales, and major repairs in 1842. She left London on 20 October 1845, under the command of Captain Hart. On this voyage she carried passengers and cargo and arrived at Port Jackson on 21 January 1846.

Departing Plymouth on 11 August 1848, under the command of John Gatenby, she carried passengers and cargo and arrived at Port Jackson on 13 November 1848. She left afterwards for India.

Leaving London on 24 August 1852, under the command of John Gatenby, she carried passengers and cargo and arrived at Port Jackson on 24 December 1852.

In 1854 William Tindall sold ''General Hewitt'' to J. Michael, of London, for £6,250.{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=114}} ''General Hewett'' was sheathed in felt and copper fastened with iron bolts in 1854.

On 3 April 1756 Michael sold ''General Hewitt'' to J. Wilson, of London, for £4,550.{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=114}}

''General Hewett'', under the command of Christopher Loudt, master, left Plymouth for on 5 July 1856 and arrived at [[Portland, Victoria]], on 9 October. She carried 366 immigrants.<ref name=Riddiford/>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Origin
! Statute adults
! Children (1–12 years old)
! Infants
! Total
|-
| English
| 110
| 39
| 7
| 156
|-
| Scotch
| 50
| 6
| 2
| 58
|-
| Irish
| 139
| 10
| 3
| 152
|-
| Total
| 299
| 55
| 12
| 366
|-
|Source: Merron Riddiford<ref name=Riddiford/>
|
|}

These amounted to 320½ statute adults, with the fare per statute adult being [[£sd|£]]13 4[[shilling|s]] 6[[pence|d]]. On the voyage about four or five children were born, and the number of deaths was about the same. Agricultural laborers (105) and female domestics (60) accounted for about half of the immigrants. Married couples numbered 74, and single men numbered 82. There was labour strife on board with crewmen jumping ship when she arrived, others refusing to work on the voyage, and two assaulting Loudt.<ref name=Riddiford/>

==Fate==
In 1864 ''General Hewitt'' was sold for a hulk or to be broken up.{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=114}}

==Notes, citations, and references==
'''Notes'''
{{reflist|group=Note}}
'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}
'''References'''
*''Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China, and Australia'', Vol. 5 (1818), (Parbury, Allen, and Company).
* {{cite book |title =The Convict Ships | first =Charles | last =Bateson | author-link=Charles Bateson | year =1959 | publisher =Brown, Son & Ferguson | oclc =3778075}}
* {{cite book |last=Hackman |first=Rowan |date=2001 |title=Ships of the East India Company |location=Gravesend, Kent |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-96-7 }}
*Hardy, Charles (1835) ''Supplement to a Register of Ships Employed in the Service of the ... East India Company from 1760 to the Conclusion of the Commercial Charter, Etc.''
*''Historical Record of the Sixteenth, Or the Queen's Regiment of Light Dragoons, Lancers: Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in 1759, and of Its Subsequent Services to 1841''. (John W. Parker).
*Horsburgh, James (1836) ''India Directory, Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, and the Interjacent Ports''. Vol.2. (W. H. Allen).
*House of Commons, Parliament, Great Britain (1814), ''Minutes of the Evidence Taken Before the Select Committee on Petitions Relating to East-India-Built Shipping''. (H.M. Stationery Office)
*McPhee, John (2006) ''Joseph Lycett: Convict Artist''. (Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales). {{ISBN|978-1876991210}}
* {{cite book|last=Phipps|first=John, (of the Master Attendant's Office, Calcutta)|year=1840|title=A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time ...|publisher=Scott}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:General Hewett (1811)}}
[[Category:1811 ships]]
[[Category:British ships built in India]]
[[Category:Convict ships to New South Wales]]
[[Category:Ships of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Age of Sail merchant ships]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom]]

General Hewett (1811 ship) - Revision history

NamVanwagenen: brief adjusted layout further and fixed typos

>Citation bot: Removed parameters. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom‎ | via #UCB_Category 41/1078