CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-13T23:04:44Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:34, 14 August 2023
Line 64:		Line 64:

	==References==		==References==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Music}}~~
	<references/>		<references/>

imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao: Moving from Category:Janya Ragas to Category:Janya ragas using Cat-a-lot

2021-08-28T09:14:01Z

Moving from Category:Janya Ragas to Category:Janya ragas using Cat-a-lot

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 28 August 2021
Line 70:		Line 70:
	{{Janya\|state=collapsed}}		{{Janya\|state=collapsed}}

	[[Category:Janya ~~Ragas~~]]		[[Category:Janya ragas]]

>FrescoBot: Bot: link syntax

2020-10-30T18:29:51Z

Bot: link syntax

New page

{{Other uses|Gaula (disambiguation){{!}}Gaula}}
{{moresources|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Gaula
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R1|M1|P|N3|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N3|P|M1|R1|G3|M1|R1|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Gaula''' or '''Gowla''' (pronounced gauḷa) is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 15th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale ''[[Mayamalavagowla]]''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the ascending and descending scale.

''Gaula'' is an ancient rāgam mentioned in ''[[Sangita Ratnakara]]'', ''[[Sangita Makarandha]]'' and ''Sangita samayasara''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> It is an auspicious rāgam, which is mostly sung in the early part of the concert.<ref name="ragas" /> It is a popular rāgam and also a ''ghana rāgam''.<ref name="raganidhi" />

== Structure and Lakshana ==
''Gaula'' is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain ''dhaivatam'' in the scale and does not contain ''gandharam'' in the ascending scale. It is an ''audava-vakra-shadava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'', meaning pentatonic ascending scale).<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> ''Vakra-shadava'' means that the descending scale has 6 notes with inclusion of zig-zag movements (''vakra''). Its ''ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

*[[Arohana|ārohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S|R1|M1|P|N3|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|avarohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S'|N3|P|M1|R1|G3|M1|R1|S|foot=yes}}

The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, ekasruti rishabham'' (also known as ''Gaula rishabham''<ref name="ragas" />), ''shuddha madhyamam, panchamam'' and ''kakali nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''antara gandharam'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].

==Popular compositions==
There are many compositions set to ''Gaula'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[kriti]]s'' composed in this rāgam.

*The second ''[[Pancharatna Kriti]]'', ''Duduku gala'', composed by [[Tyagaraja]], the second of the 5 gems
*''Sri Mahaganapatir avatumam'' and ''Tyagaraja palayasumam'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Kaama Janaka'' by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Pranamamyaham'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]

== Film Songs ==
===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{|class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Santhana Kudamondru
|[[Navagraha Nayagi]]
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|[[Rajkumar Bharathi]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Vedham Nee
|[[Koyil Puraa]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
<references/>

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Janya Ragas]]

Gaula (raga) - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao: Moving from Category:Janya Ragas to Category:Janya ragas using Cat-a-lot

>FrescoBot: Bot: link syntax