Garuda Upanishad - Revision history

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2025-08-24T03:47:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:17, 24 August 2025
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			{{Primary sources\|date=January 2023}}
	{{Infobox Upanishad		{{Infobox Upanishad
	\| image =Garuda ~~by Hyougushi in Delhi~~.jpg		\| image =[[File:Garuda Belur May 2009.jpg\|210px]]
	\| caption =Garuda		\| caption =Statue of Garuda, Belur
	\| alt =		\| alt =
	\| name = Garuda		\| name = Garuda Upanishad
	\| Devanagari = ~~गरुड~~		\| Devanagari = गरुडोपनिषद्
	\| Sanskrit_transliteration = ~~garuḍa~~		\| Sanskrit_transliteration = Garuḍopaniṣad
	\| meaning =		\| meaning =The Upanishad of Garuda
	\| composition_date =		\| composition_date =
	\| authors =		\| authors =
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	\| previous =		\| previous =
	\| next =		\| next =
	}}		}}{{Short description\|Hindu Vaishnava scripture}}
	{{Vaishnavism}}		{{Vaishnavism}}
	'''Garuda Upanishad''' or '''Garudopanishad''' is one of 108 [[Upanishad]]ic [[Hindu scriptures]], written in [[Sanskrit]] language. It is dedicated to [[Garuda]], the eagle-~~man~~ [[vahana\|mount]] of the god [[Vishnu]]. It ~~belongs to~~ the [[Vaishnava]] sect, which worships Vishnu, and is associated with the ''[[Atharvaveda]]''.<ref>{{Citation\|title=An outline of the religious literature of India\|first=John Nicol\|last=Farquhar\|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford university press\|year=1920\|isbn=81-208-2086-X\|page=364}}</ref> It is considered as "late" Upanishad in terms of dating.<ref name="Dalal2014">{{cite book\|author=Roshen Dalal\|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide\|date=18 April 2014\|publisher=Penguin Books Limited\|isbn=978-81-8475-277-9\|pages=478}}</ref> The ''Garuda Upanishad'' has [[mantra]]s and charms that are said to cure poison. The text says that its charms ~~can~~ not only prevent and remedy snakebite and the venom, but also poison from any other source like other poisonous animals, weapons and supernatural beings.		'''Garuda Upanishad''' or '''Garudopanishad''' is one of 108 [[Upanishad]]ic [[Hindu scriptures]], written in [[Sanskrit]] language. It is dedicated to [[Garuda]], the eagle-demigod [[vahana\|mount]] of the god [[Vishnu]]. It is a [[Vaishnava Upanishads\|Vaishnava Upanishad]], and associated with the [[Vaishnava]] sect,<ref>Garuda Upanisad, [https://kaalchakra.in/garuda-upanishad-unveiling-the-mystical-insights-of-lord-garuda/ Unveiling the Mystical Insight of Lord Garuda]</ref> which worships Vishnu, and is associated with the ''[[Atharvaveda]]''.<ref>{{Citation\|title=An outline of the religious literature of India\|first=John Nicol\|last=Farquhar\|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford university press\|year=1920\|isbn=81-208-2086-X\|page=364}}</ref> It is considered as "late" Upanishad in terms of dating.<ref name="Dalal2014">{{cite book\|author=Roshen Dalal\|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide\|date=18 April 2014\|publisher=Penguin Books Limited\|isbn=978-81-8475-277-9\|pages=478}}</ref> The ''Garuda Upanishad'' has [[mantra]]s and charms that are said to cure poison. The text says that its charms not only prevent and remedy snakebite and the venom, but also poison from any other source like other poisonous animals, weapons and supernatural beings. Therefore, the Upanishad aim to seek freedom from fear of all types of poisonous creatures.<ref>Swami Harshananda, [https://references.rkmm.org/external/manual/a-concise-encyclopaedia-of-hinduism/article/garu%E1%B8%8Da-upani%E1%B9%A3ad?p=03408e62817b3af3099725755af0978b04fddd5ece0745ea1b7f78cbb5508433 A Concise Encyclopaedia of Hinduism]</ref>

	==Purpose==		==Purpose==
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	The ''Garuda Upanishad'' has 25 stanzas. It begins with a generic prayer to the gods for protection. Garuda, [[Indra]], the sun-god [[Surya]] and [[Brihaspati]] are invoked for their blessing. The prayer ends with the wish: Let there be Peace.<ref name="Varenne223ff">Varenne pp. 223–5</ref> The text declares this knowledge was taught by the god [[Brahma]] to the sage [[Narada]]. It was passed through successive teachers: Narada, Brihatsena, the god Indra, the sage Bharadvaja. Bharadvaja taught it to his students, who spread it across the world.<ref name="Deussen1997"/> This scientific knowledge is said to destroy poison in all its forms.<ref name="Deussen1997"/><ref name=rahasya>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.vedarahasya.net/garuda.htm\|title=Garuda Upanishad\|publisher= vedarahasya.net}}</ref> Then starts the sermon of Brahma to Narada.		The ''Garuda Upanishad'' has 25 stanzas. It begins with a generic prayer to the gods for protection. Garuda, [[Indra]], the sun-god [[Surya]] and [[Brihaspati]] are invoked for their blessing. The prayer ends with the wish: Let there be Peace.<ref name="Varenne223ff">Varenne pp. 223–5</ref> The text declares this knowledge was taught by the god [[Brahma]] to the sage [[Narada]]. It was passed through successive teachers: Narada, Brihatsena, the god Indra, the sage Bharadvaja. Bharadvaja taught it to his students, who spread it across the world.<ref name="Deussen1997"/> This scientific knowledge is said to destroy poison in all its forms.<ref name="Deussen1997"/><ref name=rahasya>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.vedarahasya.net/garuda.htm\|title=Garuda Upanishad\|publisher= vedarahasya.net}}</ref> Then starts the sermon of Brahma to Narada.

	The second part is dedicated to the iconography or ''dhyana'' of Garuda.<ref name="Varenne223ff"/> A ''dhyana'' is the iconographical form of a deity that a devotee must visualize while performing [[Dhyana in Hinduism\|~~Dhyana~~]] (meditation). Meditating on a deity is said to placate the god. The ''dhyana'' in the ''Garuda Upanishad'' is also replicated in other texts.<ref name="Das1951">{{cite book\|author=Chittaranjan Das\|title=Studies in medieval religion and literature of Orissa\|year=1951\|publisher=Visva-Bharati\|page=86}}</ref> Garuda is said to be wearing various [[Nāga\|Naga]]s (serpent-gods) as ornaments. The Naga [[Vasuki (snake)\|~~vasuki~~]] is his [[yagnopavita\|sacred thread]]. [[Takshaka]] is his girdle. Padma and Mahapadma are his earrings, Karkota his necklace, Shankha and Gulika his jewels. Other nagas serve him as his servants. Garuda's iconography is consistent with a bird of prey like an eagle or a kite. His body is reddish-saffron. His hips are white, his lower legs golden, his arms long and his shoulders broad. His face is fair. The beak is bluish-dark. The great mount of Vishnu, Garuda, is finally invoked to destroy poison.<ref name="Varenne226">Varenne p. 226</ref>		The second part is dedicated to the iconography or ''dhyana'' of Garuda.<ref name="Varenne223ff"/> A ''dhyana'' is the iconographical form of a deity that a devotee must visualize while performing [[Dhyana in Hinduism\|dhyana]] (meditation). Meditating on a deity is said to placate the god. The ''dhyana'' in the ''Garuda Upanishad'' is also replicated in other texts.<ref name="Das1951">{{cite book\|author=Chittaranjan Das\|title=Studies in medieval religion and literature of Orissa\|year=1951\|publisher=Visva-Bharati\|page=86}}</ref> Garuda is said to be wearing various [[Nāga\|Naga]]s (serpent-gods) as ornaments. The Naga [[Vasuki (snake)\|Vasuki]] is his [[yagnopavita\|sacred thread]]. [[Takshaka]] is his girdle. Padma and Mahapadma are his earrings, Karkota his necklace, Shankha and Gulika his jewels. Other nagas serve him as his servants. Garuda's iconography is consistent with a bird of prey like an eagle or a kite. His body is reddish-saffron. His hips are white, his lower legs golden, his arms long and his shoulders broad. His face is fair. The beak is bluish-dark. The great mount of Vishnu, Garuda, is finally invoked to destroy poison.<ref name="Varenne226">Varenne p. 226</ref>

	The third part is incantations. Garuda is praised as the ~~Lord~~ of birds with allusions to his iconography.<ref name="Varenne226ff"/> He is invoked to annihilate the poison. Then "she" is called to destroy the poison and kills it finally. It is unclear who the feminine pronouns are referring to, possibly the [[shakti]] of Garuda. The poison is killed by Garuda's magic, by Indra's thunderbolt weapon ([[Vajra]]).<ref name="Varenne226ff">Varenne pp. 226–7</ref>		The third part is incantations. Garuda is praised as the lord of birds with allusions to his iconography.<ref name="Varenne226ff"/> He is invoked to annihilate the poison. Then "she" is called to destroy the poison and kills it finally. It is unclear who the feminine pronouns are referring to, possibly the [[shakti]] of Garuda. The poison is killed by Garuda's magic, by Indra's thunderbolt weapon ([[Vajra]]).<ref name="Varenne226ff">Varenne pp. 226–7</ref>

	The fourth part is a hymn ([[stotra]]) to Garuda. Garuda is exalted. Various parts of his body are compared to [[Vedic meter\|Vedic poetic meter]]s like the [[Gayatri mantra]]-meter, ''stomas'' (division of the [[Veda]]s), and sacred texts called ''Saman''.<ref name="Varenne227ff">Varenne pp. 227–8</ref>		The fourth part is a hymn ([[stotra]]) to Garuda. Garuda is exalted. Various parts of his body are compared to [[Vedic meter\|Vedic poetic meter]]s like the [[Gayatri mantra]]-meter, ''stomas'' (division of the [[Veda]]s), and sacred texts called ''Saman''.<ref name="Varenne227ff">Varenne pp. 227–8</ref>
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	The end of this part states where the charms can be used. Diseases caused by the Nagas as well as wounds by their "venomous beaks, teeth, tusks, limbs and tails"; infestations caused by other poisonous animals like scorpions, spiders, lizards, rats, insects found in places such as houses, forests, fields, mountains, and bites by animals including tigers, dogs, worms and boars are cured by the charm.<ref name="Varenne228ff"/> The text declares that the charm is a remedy for cuts, spits and other wounds by poisonous arrows, swords and other weapons as well as wounds by harmful supernatural beings like [[Yaksha]]s (nature-spirits), [[Rakshasa]]s (demons), [[preta]]s (ghosts) and [[Bhoot (ghost)\|bhuta]]s (ghosts).<ref name="Varenne228ff"/> The text emphasizes that poison from any source can be cured by these charms.<ref name="Varenne228ff"/>		The end of this part states where the charms can be used. Diseases caused by the Nagas as well as wounds by their "venomous beaks, teeth, tusks, limbs and tails"; infestations caused by other poisonous animals like scorpions, spiders, lizards, rats, insects found in places such as houses, forests, fields, mountains, and bites by animals including tigers, dogs, worms and boars are cured by the charm.<ref name="Varenne228ff"/> The text declares that the charm is a remedy for cuts, spits and other wounds by poisonous arrows, swords and other weapons as well as wounds by harmful supernatural beings like [[Yaksha]]s (nature-spirits), [[Rakshasa]]s (demons), [[preta]]s (ghosts) and [[Bhoot (ghost)\|bhuta]]s (ghosts).<ref name="Varenne228ff"/> The text emphasizes that poison from any source can be cured by these charms.<ref name="Varenne228ff"/>

	The last part of the Upanishad is by tradition the "fruit" of the text, which tells the advantages of the text. One who listens to the ''Garuda Upanishad'' on an [[amavasya]] (new moon night) is said to immune a person from snake bite for 12 years. One who hears the text and keeps it with him as an amulet is saved from snakebite for life. One who teaches it to eight [[Brahmin]]s, will be able to cure snakebite by touching the inflicted person with grass, wood or ashes. One who teaches it to a hundred Brahmins, can cure poison by looking the wound. One who teaches it to a thousand can cure it by mere thought.<ref name="Deussen1997"/><ref name="Varenne231">Varenne p. 231</ref>		The last part of the Upanishad is by tradition the "fruit" of the text, which tells the advantages of the text. One who listens to the ''Garuda Upanishad'' on an [[amavasya\|amavashya]] (new moon night) is said to immune a person from snake bite for 12 years. One who hears the text and keeps it with him as an amulet is saved from snakebite for life. One who teaches it to eight [[Brahmin]]s, will be able to cure snakebite by touching the inflicted person with grass, wood or ashes. One who teaches it to a hundred Brahmins, can cure poison by looking the wound. One who teaches it to a thousand can cure it by mere thought.<ref name="Deussen1997"/><ref name="Varenne231">Varenne p. 231</ref>

	==Publication==		==Publication==
	The ''Garuda Upanishad'' was first published in 1883 by S. Subrahmanya in [[Telugu language]] in [[Chennai]], India and then in 1885 in Albrecht Weber. In 1891, G. A. Jacob published it in his ''Eleven Atharvana Upanishads''. Paul Deussen partially translated it into [[German language\|German]] and published it in 1897. V. L. Panshikar Shastri published it numerous times in [[Mumbai]] in Sanskrit; first edition in 1913. Another version was published by ~~Adiyar~~ Library in Chennai in 1923. While the text is the same in Panshikar Shastri's and Adiyar Library's edition, numbering of paragraphs differs; the Chennai edition is considered more accurate.<ref name="Varenne222">Varenne p. 222</ref>		The ''Garuda Upanishad'' was first published in 1883 by S. Subrahmanya in [[Telugu language]] in [[Chennai]], India and then in 1885 in Albrecht Weber. In 1891, G. A. Jacob published it in his ''Eleven Atharvana Upanishads''. Paul Deussen partially translated it into [[German language\|German]] and published it in 1897. V. L. Panshikar Shastri published it numerous times in [[Mumbai]] in Sanskrit; first edition in 1913. Another version was published by Adayar Library in Chennai in 1923. While the text is the same in Panshikar Shastri's and Adiyar Library's edition, numbering of paragraphs differs; the Chennai edition is considered more accurate.<ref name="Varenne222">Varenne p. 222</ref>

	==Notes==		==Notes==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [http://www.gayathrimanthra.com/contents/documents/Vedic-related/Garuda_Upanishad.pdf Garuda Upanishad] in Sanskrit		* [http://www.gayathrimanthra.com/contents/documents/Vedic-related/Garuda_Upanishad.pdf Garuda Upanishad] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020858/http://www.gayathrimanthra.com/contents/documents/Vedic-related/Garuda_Upanishad.pdf \|date=2015-09-24 }} in Sanskrit

	{{Mukhya Upanishads}}		{{Mukhya Upanishads}}

	[[Category:Upanishads]]		[[Category:Upanishads]]
	~~[[Category:Sanskrit texts]]~~

>Utcursch: /* Purpose */spell / clean-up, replaced: |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. → |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass

2019-02-23T19:46:26Z

Purpose: spell / clean-up, replaced: |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. → |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass

New page

{{Infobox Upanishad
| image =Garuda by Hyougushi in Delhi.jpg
| caption =Garuda
| alt =
| name = Garuda
| Devanagari = गरुड
| Sanskrit_transliteration = garuḍa
| meaning =
| composition_date =
| authors =
| type = Vaishnava
| Veda = [[Atharvaveda]]
| Brahmana =
| Aranyaka =
| chapters = 1
| verses = 25
| philosophy =
| commentary =
| verse =
| previous =
| next =
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
'''Garuda Upanishad''' or '''Garudopanishad''' is one of 108 [[Upanishad]]ic [[Hindu scriptures]], written in [[Sanskrit]] language. It is dedicated to [[Garuda]], the eagle-man [[vahana|mount]] of the god [[Vishnu]]. It belongs to the [[Vaishnava]] sect, which worships Vishnu, and is associated with the ''[[Atharvaveda]]''.<ref>{{Citation|title=An outline of the religious literature of India|first=John Nicol|last=Farquhar|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford university press|year=1920|isbn=81-208-2086-X|page=364}}</ref> It is considered as "late" Upanishad in terms of dating.<ref name="Dalal2014">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|date=18 April 2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-277-9|pages=478}}</ref> The ''Garuda Upanishad'' has [[mantra]]s and charms that are said to cure poison. The text says that its charms can not only prevent and remedy snakebite and the venom, but also poison from any other source like other poisonous animals, weapons and supernatural beings.

==Purpose==
The [[Germany|German]] [[Oriental studies|orientalist]] [[Paul Deussen]], who partially translated the ''Garuda Upanishad'' describes it essentially as a snake-charm dedicated to Garuda, the mount of Vishnu, and the eternal foe of serpents. It serves two objectives: to prevent snakebite and to alleviate the evil effects of the bite. The snake charm was elevated to the status of the Upanishad due to the imminent danger of snakebite in India, where people had to walk in the dark in snake-infested regions or work in fields and forests. Pious people following the dictum of [[Ahimsa]] have to resort to snake charm, as for them killing snakes is taboo.<ref name="Deussen1997">{{cite book|author=Paul Deussen|title=Sixty Upanishads of the Veda|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1467-7|pages=663–4}}</ref> The snake charm is similar to the other spells of the sage [[Bharadvaja]], who is said to have taught the ''Garuda Upanishad'' charms to his disciples. Bharadvaja's spells are said to prevent or cure infectious diseases, wounds by weapons and carnivorous wild beasts like tigers and bites and infestations by insects and worms. However, snakes feature prominently in these spells due to higher probability and danger of snakebite.<ref name="Varenne222"/>

==Content==
[[File:Garuda picture sreevallabha temple.JPG|thumb|Garuda wearing various serpent-ornaments.]]
The ''Garuda Upanishad'' has 25 stanzas. It begins with a generic prayer to the gods for protection. Garuda, [[Indra]], the sun-god [[Surya]] and [[Brihaspati]] are invoked for their blessing. The prayer ends with the wish: Let there be Peace.<ref name="Varenne223ff">Varenne pp. 223–5</ref> The text declares this knowledge was taught by the god [[Brahma]] to the sage [[Narada]]. It was passed through successive teachers: Narada, Brihatsena, the god Indra, the sage Bharadvaja. Bharadvaja taught it to his students, who spread it across the world.<ref name="Deussen1997"/> This scientific knowledge is said to destroy poison in all its forms.<ref name="Deussen1997"/><ref name=rahasya>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedarahasya.net/garuda.htm|title=Garuda Upanishad|publisher= vedarahasya.net}}</ref> Then starts the sermon of Brahma to Narada.

The second part is dedicated to the iconography or ''dhyana'' of Garuda.<ref name="Varenne223ff"/> A ''dhyana'' is the iconographical form of a deity that a devotee must visualize while performing [[Dhyana in Hinduism|Dhyana]] (meditation). Meditating on a deity is said to placate the god. The ''dhyana'' in the ''Garuda Upanishad'' is also replicated in other texts.<ref name="Das1951">{{cite book|author=Chittaranjan Das|title=Studies in medieval religion and literature of Orissa|year=1951|publisher=Visva-Bharati|page=86}}</ref> Garuda is said to be wearing various [[Nāga|Naga]]s (serpent-gods) as ornaments. The Naga [[Vasuki (snake)|vasuki]] is his [[yagnopavita|sacred thread]]. [[Takshaka]] is his girdle. Padma and Mahapadma are his earrings, Karkota his necklace, Shankha and Gulika his jewels. Other nagas serve him as his servants. Garuda's iconography is consistent with a bird of prey like an eagle or a kite. His body is reddish-saffron. His hips are white, his lower legs golden, his arms long and his shoulders broad. His face is fair. The beak is bluish-dark. The great mount of Vishnu, Garuda, is finally invoked to destroy poison.<ref name="Varenne226">Varenne p. 226</ref>

The third part is incantations. Garuda is praised as the Lord of birds with allusions to his iconography.<ref name="Varenne226ff"/> He is invoked to annihilate the poison. Then "she" is called to destroy the poison and kills it finally. It is unclear who the feminine pronouns are referring to, possibly the [[shakti]] of Garuda. The poison is killed by Garuda's magic, by Indra's thunderbolt weapon ([[Vajra]]).<ref name="Varenne226ff">Varenne pp. 226–7</ref>

The fourth part is a hymn ([[stotra]]) to Garuda. Garuda is exalted. Various parts of his body are compared to [[Vedic meter|Vedic poetic meter]]s like the [[Gayatri mantra]]-meter, ''stomas'' (division of the [[Veda]]s), and sacred texts called ''Saman''.<ref name="Varenne227ff">Varenne pp. 227–8</ref>

[[File:Nagashila.JPG|thumb|Nagas worshipped in a Hindu temple.]]
The fifth part are charms to counter the divine Nagas or their messengers. The charm to counter the Nagas [[Shesha|Anantaka (Ananta)]], Vasuki, Takshaka, Karkotaka (Karkota), Pulika, Shakha(ka), Padma(ka), Mahapadma(ka), Gulika, Kulika, Paundra, Kalika, Elapatraka (Ela) and Nagaka are told. The charm is repeated many times starting with the name of the Naga it counters. The charm which partly appears in the "[[Incantations]]" part of the Upanishad. "He moves", referring to Garuda; then "she will do the job, destroy the poison" and the poison is declared destroyed. The destruction of poison is again associated to Indra's weapon ([[Vajra]]).<ref name="Varenne228ff">Varenne pp. 228–31</ref>

The end of this part states where the charms can be used. Diseases caused by the Nagas as well as wounds by their "venomous beaks, teeth, tusks, limbs and tails"; infestations caused by other poisonous animals like scorpions, spiders, lizards, rats, insects found in places such as houses, forests, fields, mountains, and bites by animals including tigers, dogs, worms and boars are cured by the charm.<ref name="Varenne228ff"/> The text declares that the charm is a remedy for cuts, spits and other wounds by poisonous arrows, swords and other weapons as well as wounds by harmful supernatural beings like [[Yaksha]]s (nature-spirits), [[Rakshasa]]s (demons), [[preta]]s (ghosts) and [[Bhoot (ghost)|bhuta]]s (ghosts).<ref name="Varenne228ff"/> The text emphasizes that poison from any source can be cured by these charms.<ref name="Varenne228ff"/>

The last part of the Upanishad is by tradition the "fruit" of the text, which tells the advantages of the text. One who listens to the ''Garuda Upanishad'' on an [[amavasya]] (new moon night) is said to immune a person from snake bite for 12 years. One who hears the text and keeps it with him as an amulet is saved from snakebite for life. One who teaches it to eight [[Brahmin]]s, will be able to cure snakebite by touching the inflicted person with grass, wood or ashes. One who teaches it to a hundred Brahmins, can cure poison by looking the wound. One who teaches it to a thousand can cure it by mere thought.<ref name="Deussen1997"/><ref name="Varenne231">Varenne p. 231</ref>

==Publication==
The ''Garuda Upanishad'' was first published in 1883 by S. Subrahmanya in [[Telugu language]] in [[Chennai]], India and then in 1885 in Albrecht Weber. In 1891, G. A. Jacob published it in his ''Eleven Atharvana Upanishads''. Paul Deussen partially translated it into [[German language|German]] and published it in 1897. V. L. Panshikar Shastri published it numerous times in [[Mumbai]] in Sanskrit; first edition in 1913. Another version was published by Adiyar Library in Chennai in 1923. While the text is the same in Panshikar Shastri's and Adiyar Library's edition, numbering of paragraphs differs; the Chennai edition is considered more accurate.<ref name="Varenne222">Varenne p. 222</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book|author=J. Varenne |title=India Maior: Congratulatory Volume Presented to J. Gonda|year=1972|publisher=Brill Archive|pages=222–31|chapter=The Garuda Upanisad|id=GGKEY:LHYW0J7RLK8}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gayathrimanthra.com/contents/documents/Vedic-related/Garuda_Upanishad.pdf Garuda Upanishad] in Sanskrit

{{Mukhya Upanishads}}

[[Category:Upanishads]]
[[Category:Sanskrit texts]]