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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Garden Gate, Bulandshahr
| native_name =
| image = Garden Gate, Bulandshahr (1880s).png
| caption = Garden Gate, Bulandshahr (1880s)
| coordinates = {{Coord|28|24|26.8|N|77|51|15.7|E|display=inline,title}}
| architectural_style =
}}
'''Garden Gate''' is a building in [[Bulandshahr]], India, constructed as a gateway to the Bulandshahr public garden, also known as Moti Bagh. It leads to the [[Town Hall, Bulandshahr|Town Hall]] and was built in the late 19th century by Rao Umrao Singh of [[Kuchesar]], who donated a significant fund for its construction. The project was encouraged by [[Frederic Growse]], a British civil servant of the [[Indian Civil Service]], who had been appointed [[District magistrate|collector]] of the region in 1878.

==Construction==
In 1878, [[Frederic Growse]], a British civil servant of the [[Indian Civil Service]], was appointed [[District magistrate|collector]] of the district of Bulandshahr.<ref name=Growse1884>{{Cite book |last=Growse |first=Frederic Salmon |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNKVY1WkfCIC&dq=Garden+Gate,+Bulandshahr&pg=PA51 |title=Bulandshahr: Or, Sketches of an Indian District: Social, Historical and Architectural |publisher=Medical Hall Press |year=1884 |chapter=III. The rebuilding of Bulandshahr |pages=51–88 |language=en |access-date=2022-05-20 |archive-date=2022-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609050713/https://books.google.com/books?id=zNKVY1WkfCIC&dq=Garden+Gate%2C+Bulandshahr&pg=PA51 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=today>{{Cite web |title=Indian Architecture of To-day as Exemplified in the New Buildings of Bulandshahr District, Part II · Highlights from the Digital Content Library |url=https://dcl.dash.umn.edu/highlights/items/show/256 |access-date=15 April 2021 |website=dcl.dash.umn.edu |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416095846/https://dcl.dash.umn.edu/highlights/collections/show/15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He encouraged projects that involved the use of Indian craft work and was openly critical of the [[Central Public Works Department|Public Works Department]].<ref name=Mayer2010>{{cite book |last1=Mayer |first1=Roberta A. |last2=Forest |first2=Lockwood De |title=Lockwood de Forest: Furnishing the Gilded Age with a Passion for India |date=2010 |publisher=Associated University Presse |location=Newark |isbn=978-0-87413-973-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hx5tDzcwnqcC&dq=bulandshahr&pg=PA83 |language=en |page=83 |access-date=2022-05-20 |archive-date=2022-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609050714/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hx5tDzcwnqcC&dq=bulandshahr&pg=PA83 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Garden gate is one of several gates in Bulandshahr constructed with the encouragement and assistance of Growse.<ref name=Till1989>{{cite book |last1=Tillotson |first1=G. H. R. (Giles Henry Rupert) |title=The tradition of Indian architecture : continuity, controversy, and change since 1850 |date=1989 |publisher=New Haven : Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-04636-6 |pages=84–92 |url=https://archive.org/details/traditionofindia0000till/page/86/mode/2up?q=bulandshahr}}</ref> It was built on the site of a former "filthy" drainage ravine<ref name=Growse1885/> and is one of two gates to Moti Bagh, an 11-acre plot of land also known as the Bulandshahr public garden which houses the [[Town Hall, Bulandshahr|Town Hall]], the other being on the east wall and named for [[Elliott Graham Colvin|Elliot Colvin]].<ref name=Growse1884/> Garden Gate is the main gate towards the west, and is named for Rao Umrao Singh, of [[Kuchesar]], who donated 4,500 rupees towards its construction.<ref name=Growse1884/>

==Structure==
It consists of an archway, which towards the road is made of white sandstone and is covered with fine [[tracery]].<ref name=Growse1884/> A wide open space was left to its front.<ref name=Growse1885>{{Cite book |last=Growse |first=Frederic Salmon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inEIAAAAQAAJ&dq=Garden+Gate,+Bulandshahr&pg=PT1 |title=Indian Architecture of To-day as Exemplified in New Buildings in the Bulandshahr District |publisher=North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press |year=1885 |location=Allahabad |language=en |access-date=2022-05-20 |archive-date=2022-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521091857/https://books.google.com/books?id=inEIAAAAQAAJ&dq=Garden+Gate,+Bulandshahr&pg=PT1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The two rooms flanking the archway are made of block-[[kankar]] and the corners of octagonal red brick [[turret (architecture)|turrets]], topped by [[dome]]d and [[pinnacle]]d [[Kiosk|small pavilions]] 46 feet high and made of stone.<ref name=Growse1884/><ref name=Growse1885/> One of the rooms contains a spiral staircase.<ref name=Growse1885/> The unroofed upper storey has [[arcade (architecture)|successive arches]] to the front, in red brick, and is surmounted by a [[parapet]] of white stone posts and panels.<ref name=Growse1884/> It is on the same level as the archway and turrets.<ref name=Growse1885/> A pavilion over the archway was not constructed due to lack of funds.<ref name=Growse1885/> The front facing the garden is much more plain.<ref name=Growse1885/> The doors of the lodges are made from carved wood.<ref name=Growse1885/>

==Purpose==
Two rooms on either side of the archway were intended for the watchman and gardener.<ref name=Growse1884/> It is the main approach to the Town Hall.<ref name=Growse1885/>

==Response==
Opposition to the gate was at first dismissed by the assistant judge, but the case lingered on for three years at a cost of nearly 10-times what Rao Umrao Singh paid for it.<ref name=misc1886>{{cite journal |title=Miscellaneous |journal=The London Quarterly & Holborn Review |date=1886 |volume=V |page=192 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWxPAQAAMAAJ&dq=Garden+Gate,+Bulandshahr&pg=PA192 |publisher=Epworth Press |location=London |language=en}}</ref>

==2023==
<gallery>
File:Bulandhar Garden Gate night view.tif|Garden Gate 2023
File:Garden Gate, Bulandshahr 2023, rear.tif|Garden Gate rear view
File:Garden gate, bulandshahr, inside arch.tif|Garden Gate inside arch
File:Bulandhar Garden Gate arch.tif|Garden Gate inside arch
File:Bulandhar Garden Gate side view 2023.tif|Bulandhar Garden Gate side view
File:Garden Gate, Bulandshahr, care taker's room.tif|Garden Gate, Bulandshahr, care taker's room
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Lime (material)|Kankar lime]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite thesis |last1=Mallick |first1=Bhaswar |title=Agency of Labor Resistance in Nineteenth Century India: Significance of Bulandshahr and F.S. Growse's Account |date=2018 |publisher=University of Cincinnati |url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_olink/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=ucin1543581416769978 |language=en |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135845/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_olink/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=ucin1543581416769978 |url-status=dead }}

==External links==
*[https://bulandshahrlegacy.org/2021/07/23/frederic-salmon-growse-the-man-that-built-bulandshahr-in-the-19th-century/ Frederic Salmon Growse: The Man that built Bulandshahr in the 19th Century]

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Gates in India]]
[[Category:Bulandshahr]]

Garden Gate, Bulandshahr - Revision history

Advsalahuddinahmed: Started basic post initial version