Sergdpd: improve article after review

2026-02-11T13:58:04Z

improve article after review

>Bruce1ee: move External links up a bit

2021-10-13T06:46:45Z

move External links up a bit

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gar Mandaran
| native_name = গড় মান্দারন
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Garh Mandaron
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.874799|N|87.665972|E|display=inline, title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 42
| population_total = 6,264
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 712612 (Mandaran)
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03221
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arambagh]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Goghat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Goghat]]
| website = {{URL|http://hooghly.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gar Mandaran''' (গড় মান্দারন) is a [[village]] and a [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Goghat II]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Arambag subdivision]] of the [[Hooghly district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Overview==
The ruins of a fort at Gar Mandaran provided the setting for [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]]’s novel ''[[Durgeshnandini]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/banking-on-history-religion-to-attract-tourists-in-hooghly/article2486151.ece | title = Banking on history, religion to attract tourists in Hooghly | publisher = The Hindu, 26 September 2011 | access-date = 24 June 2017}}</ref>

''Durgeshnandini'' is a romantic novel, based partly on history and partly on hearsay. The story centres around the attack and occupation of Gar Mandaran stronghold of Raja Birendra Singh, linked to the [[History of Bankura district#Bishnupur kingdom|Bishnupur Raj]], by the Pathans who were then entrenched in Odisha. The Mughal general [[Man Singh I|Man Singh's]] son, Jagat Singh, was despatched to keep the Pathans at bay. Jagat Singh fell in love with Tilottama, the beautiful daughter of Raja Birendra Singh. The Pathans captured the fort, killed Raja Birendra Singh and held Jagat Singh and Tilottama, but a fatal attack on the Pathan general Kotlu Khan, turned things around.<ref name= bankim>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ytOhDQAAQBAJ&q=Gar+Mandaran&pg=PT27 | title = Builders of Modern India: Bankim Chandra Chattejee|first= S.K.|last=Bose | work = Visions of the Past | year = 1974| publisher = Publications Division, Government of India | isbn = 9788123022697| access-date = 24 June 2017}}</ref>

''Durgeshnandini'', published in 1865, took the literary world by storm and was considered an epoch-making novel. It went through 13 editions during Bankim Chandra's life-time.<ref name= bankim/>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=500| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|50|0|N|87|46|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Arambagh subdivision in Hooghly district'''<br/>M: municipal city/ town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|22|53|50|N|87|41|40|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1=Goghat | numbered1=R| mark-title1= [[Goghat]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|43|5|N|87|51|40|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Khanakul | numbered2=R| mark-title2= [[Khanakul]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|54|10|N|87|39|30|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3=Kamarpukur | numbered3=R| mark-title3= [[Kamarpukur]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|50|40|N|87|57|37|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Pursurah| numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Pursurah]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|56|45|N|87|41|18|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Bengai| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Bengai]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|53|35|N|87|53|55|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Keshabpur| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Keshabpur, Hooghly]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|44|25|N|87|51|40|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Radhanagore| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Radhanagore]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|49|25|N|87|57|40|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Shrirampur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Shrirampur, Arambagh]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|43|41|N|87|52|30|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Natibpur| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Natibpur, Hooghly]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|47|30|N|87|54|0|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Dakshin Narayanpur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Dakshin Narayanpur]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|53|20|N|87|46|48|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11= Arambag| numbered11=M| mark-title11= [[Arambag]] (M)| shape-color11= #800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|52|10|N|87|39|57|E}}| label-pos12=bottom|label12= Gar Mandaran| numbered12=H| mark-title12= Gar Mandaran (H)|shape-color12=black| label-size12=13|label-color12=black 
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|54|0|N|87|32|13|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13= Badanganj| numbered13=H| mark-title13= [[Badanganj]] (H) |shape-color13=#AA6666
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|48|44|N|87|46|6|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14= Bali Dewanganj| numbered14=H| mark-title14= [[Bali Dewanganj]] (H) |shape-color14=#AA6666
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|54|30|N|87|51|44|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15= Bhalia| numbered15=H| mark-title15= [[Bhalia]] (H) |shape-color15=#AA6666
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|51|41|N|87|48|45|E}}| label-pos16=left|label16= Dihi|labela16= Bayara| numbered16=H| mark-title16= [[Dihi Bayara]] (H) |shape-color16=#AA6666
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|55|10|N|87|33|25|E}}| label-pos17=top|label17= Fului| numbered17=H| mark-title17= [[Fului]] (H) |shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|46|32|N|87|48|30|E}}| label-pos18=right|label18= Gourhati| numbered18=H| mark-title18= [[Gourhati]] (H) |shape-color18=#AA6666
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|51|20|N|87|51|2|E}}| label-pos19=right|label19= Hamirbati| numbered19=H| mark-title19= [[Hamirbati]] (H) |shape-color19=#AA6666
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|52|15|N|87|50|32|E}}| label-pos20=right|label20= Hat Basantapur| numbered20=H| mark-title20= [[Hat Basantapur]] (H) |shape-color20=#AA6666
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|54|50|N|87|32|17|E}}| label-pos21=left|label21= Kayapat| numbered21=H| mark-title21= [[Kayapat]] (H) |shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|50|30|N|87|49|39|E}}| label-pos22=right|label22= Kanpur| numbered22=H| mark-title22= [[Kanpur, Hooghly]] (H) |shape-color22=#AA6666
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|49|30|N|87|51|2|E}}| label-pos23=bottom|label23= Madhabpur| numbered23=H| mark-title23= [[Madhabpur, Hooghly]] (H) |shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|53|10|N|87|35|52|E}}| label-pos24=bottom|label24= Mamudpur| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Mamudpur, Arambagh]] (H) |shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|53|5|N|87|37|2|E}}| label-pos25=right|label25= Memanpur| numbered25=H| mark-title25= [[Memanpur]] (H) |shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|48|30|N|87|56|13|E}}| label-pos26=right|label26= Parul| numbered26=H| mark-title26= [[Parul, Hooghly]] (H) |shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|54|5|N|87|37|45|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27= Satberia| numbered27=H| mark-title27= [[Satberia]] (H) |shape-color27=#AA6666
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|53|0|N|87|34|1|E}}| label-pos28=left|label28= Shyambazar| numbered28=H| mark-title28= [[Shyambazar, Hooghly]] (H) |shape-color28=#AA6666
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|58|0|N|87|43|40|E}}|label29= Dwarakeswar|labela29= River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=60| label-pos29=top| label-size29=11| mark-size29=0| mark-title29=none
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|47|30|N|87|54|10|E}}|label30= Mundeswari|labela30= River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=65| label-pos30=top| label-size30=11| mark-size30=0| mark-title30=none
|mark-coord31={{coord|22|44|0|N|87|43|0|E}}|label31= Rupnarayan |labela31= River| label-color31 = #77A1CB| label-angle31=80| label-pos31=top| label-size31=11| mark-size31=0| mark-title31=none
|mark-coord32={{coord|22|44|0|N|87|58|40|E}}|label32= Damodar |labela32= River| label-color32 = #77A1CB| label-angle32=85| label-pos32=top| label-size32=11| mark-size32=0| mark-title32=none}}

===Area overview===
The Arambagh subdivision, presented in the map alongside, is divided into two physiographic parts – the Dwarakeswar River being the dividing line. The western part is upland and rocky – it is extension of the terrain of neighbouring Bankura district. The eastern part is flat alluvial plain area. The railways, the roads and flood-control measures have had an impact on the area.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1912_PART_A_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Hugli, Series-20, Part XIIA | work= Physiography, Page 17-19|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 25 September 2020 }}</ref> The area is overwhelmingly rural with 94.77% of the population living in rural areas and 5.23% of the population living in urban areas.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 25 September 2020}}</ref>

<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small>

===Location===
Gar Manadaran is located at {{coord|22.874799|N|87.665972|E|display=inline}}.

==History==
Around the time when [[Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar Khilji]] (1204–1206) came to Bengal, the region was divided into five parts – [[Rarh region|Rarh]], Bagri, Vanga, Barendra, and [[Mithila (ancient)|Mithila]]. Vanga was further subdivided into three parts – [[Gaur, West Bengal|Lakhanabati]], Subarnagram and [[Saptagram]]. When the frontiers of Bengal were expanded during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal rule]], there were three prominent administrative zones in the Saptagram area – Sirkar Satgaon, Sirkar Selimabad and Sirkar Mandaran.<ref>{{cite book |last=Patree |first=Purnendu |author-link=Purnendu Patri |year=1995 |orig-year=First published 1979 |title=Purano Kolkatar Kathachitra |publisher=Dey's Publishing |language=bn |pages=65–71 |isbn=81-7079-751-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chattopadhyay|first=Rupendra Kumar|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5aRmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104&lpg=PT104&dq=Grave+in+Garh+Mandaran&source=bl&ots=Ja1ncxXayT&sig=ACfU3U0QZLUWgHt_KFwHK38pkCLFRcNsHg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7oquht8XzAhVejdgFHVxjCAQQ6AF6BAgrEAM#v=onepage&q=Grave%20in%20Garh%20Mandaran&f=false|title=The Archaeology of Coastal Bengal|date=2018-01-19|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-909180-5|language=en}}</ref> The tomb of warrior [[Shah Ismail Ghazi]] is situated in the mound of Gar Mandaran.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CENSUS 1961|first=DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK|title=PLACES OF TOURISTS' INTEREST|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5181/1/44369_1961_HOO.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Gar Mandaran had a total population of 6,264 of which 3,242 (52%) were males and 3,022 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 734. The total number of literate persons in Gar Mandaran was 4,100 (74.14% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 June 2017 }}</ref>

==Transport==
Gar Mandaran is on Kamarpukur-Gar Mandaran-Kajla road.<ref>Google maps</ref> It is 2 km from [[Kamarpukur]].

==Education==
Gar Mandaran High School is a Bengali-medium co-educational institution. It was established in 1944.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.icbse.com/schools/gar-mandaran-high-school/19121204703 | title = Gar Mandaran High School | publisher =ICBSE | access-date = 24 June 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Garh Mandaran}}

{{Hooghly District}}

[[Category:Villages in Hooghly district]]

Gar Mandaran - Revision history

Sergdpd: improve article after review

>Bruce1ee: move External links up a bit