Ganges Basin - Revision history

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	{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2019}}
	[[File:Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins]]		[[File:Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins]]
	The '''~~Ganga~~ Basin''' is a part of the [[Ganges River\|Ganges]]-[[Brahmaputra River\|Brahmaputra]] basin draining 1,086,000 square kilometres in [[Tibet]], [[Nepal]], [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. To the north, the [[Himalaya]] or lower parallel ranges beyond form the Ganges-Brahmaputra divide. On the west the Ganges Basin borders the [[Indus River\|Indus basin]] and then the [[Aravalli Range\|Aravalli]] ridge. Southern limits are the [[Vindhya]]s and [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. On the east the Ganges merges with the Brahmaputra through a complex system of common distributaries into the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Its catchment lies in the states of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (294,364 ~~km²~~), [[Madhya Pradesh]] (198,962 ~~km²~~), [[Bihar]] (143,961 ~~km²~~), [[Rajasthan]] (112,490 ~~km²~~), [[West Bengal]] (71,485 ~~km²~~), [[Haryana]] (34,341 ~~km²~~), [[Himachal Pradesh]] (4,317 ~~km²~~), [[Delhi]], Arunachal ~~pradesh~~(1,484 ~~km²~~), the whole of Bangladesh, Nepal and [[Bhutan]]. Several tributaries rise inside Tibet before flowing south through Nepal. The basin has a population of more than 500 million, making it the most populated river basin in the world.		The '''Ganges Basin''' is a part of the [[Ganges River\|Ganges]]-[[Brahmaputra River\|Brahmaputra]]-[[Meghna]] (GBM) basin draining 1,086,000 square kilometres in [[Tibet]], [[Nepal]], [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. To the north, the [[Himalaya]] or lower parallel ranges beyond form the Ganges-Brahmaputra divide. On the west the Ganges Basin borders the [[Indus River\|Indus basin]] and then the [[Aravalli Range\|Aravalli]] ridge. Southern limits are the [[Vindhya]]s and [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. On the east the Ganges merges with the Brahmaputra through a complex system of common distributaries into the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Its [[Drainage basin\|catchment]] lies in the states of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (294,364 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Madhya Pradesh]] (198,962 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Bihar]] (143,961 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Rajasthan]] (112,490 km<sup>2</sup>), [[West Bengal]] (71,485 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Haryana]] (34,341 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Himachal Pradesh]] (4,317 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Delhi]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]] (1,484 km<sup>2</sup>), the whole of Bangladesh, Nepal and [[Bhutan]]. Several tributaries rise inside Tibet before flowing south through Nepal. The basin has a population of more than 500 million, making it the most populated river basin in the world.

	==Description==		==Description==
	{{more citations needed section\|date=August 2014}}		{{more citations needed section\|date=August 2014}}
	The basin comprises semi-arid valleys in the rain shadow north of the Himalaya, densely forested mountains south of the highest ranges, the scrubby [[Shiwalik]] foothills and the fertile [[Gangetic Plains]]. Central highlands south of the Gangetic Plain have plateaus, hills and mountains intersected by valleys and river plains. The important soil types found in the basin are sand, loam, clay and their combinations such as sandy loam, silty clay etc.		The basin comprises semi-arid valleys in the rain shadow north of the Himalaya, densely forested mountains south of the highest ranges, the scrubby [[Shiwalik]] foothills and the fertile [[Gangetic Plains]]. Central highlands south of the Gangetic Plain have plateaus, hills and mountains intersected by valleys and river plains. The important soil types found in the basin are sand, loam, clay and their combinations such as sandy loam, silty clay etc.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWqFgEuzqt0\|title = Life in the Ganga - Brahmaputra Basin \| Human Environment Interaction \| Geography Class 7 Chapter 8\|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref>

	The annual surface water potential of the basin has been assessed as 525 km³ in India, out of which 250 km³ is utilisable water. There is about 580,000 ~~km²~~ of arable land; 29.5% of the cultivable area of India.		The annual surface water potential of the basin has been assessed as 525 km³ in India, out of which 250 km³ is utilisable water. There is about 580,000 km<sup>2</sup> of arable land; 29.5% of the cultivable area of India.

	Water-related issues of the basin are due to both high and low flows. In [[India]], the states of [[Uttrakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]] are affected by floods. [[Bangladesh]] – at the confluence of [[Brahmaputra River]] and [[Ganges River]] – suffers from severe floods almost every year. Northern Ganges tributaries such as [[Kosi River\|Kosi]], [[Gandaki River\|Gandak]] and [[Mahananda River\|Mahananda]] are the most flood-prone, but southern tributaries also contribute. Low flows are caused by scarcity of rainfall outside the summer [[Monsoon#Asia-Australian Monsoon\|Monsoon]], and sometimes by failure of this monsoon to develop to its normal extent.		Water-related issues of the basin are due to both high and low flows. In [[India]], the states of [[Uttrakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]] are affected by floods. [[Bangladesh]] – at the confluence of [[Brahmaputra River]] and [[Ganges River]] – suffers from severe floods almost every year. Northern Ganges tributaries such as [[Kosi River\|Kosi]], [[Gandaki River\|Gandak]] and [[Mahananda River\|Mahananda]] are the most flood-prone, but southern tributaries also contribute. Low flows are caused by scarcity of rainfall outside the summer [[Monsoon#Asia-Australian Monsoon\|Monsoon]], and sometimes by failure of this monsoon to develop to its normal extent.
	The Ganges is joined by Kosi, [[Ghaghra]], Gandak from the Himalayas and by Chambal, Betwa, Son from the peninsular region.		The Ganges is joined by Kosi, [[Ghaghra]], Gandak from the Himalayas and by Chambal, Betwa, Son from the peninsular region.

	~~'''Culture and Ganges''': The River Ganges (~~also referred to as Ganga) is a symbol of faith, hope, culture and sanity, as well as a source of livelihood for millions since time immemorial. She is the centre of social and religious tradition in the Indian sub-continent and particularly sacred in [[~~Hinduism~~]]. The very special faith and respect for the River Ganges in India are as old as Indian culture itself. These are amply reflected in such ancient Indian scriptures as: ''Vedas, Puranas, Mahabharata, Ramayana'' and several others. In fact, respect for Ganga is a part of Indian identity and the very symbol of [[~~Indian culture~~]]. The history of Ganga in nurturing culture and civilizations is appreciated through fostering native culture in its basin, shifting of the Indus-Sarasvati basin civilization into its fold, and promoting integration of cultures to develop Indian civilization.		== See also ==

			* [[Foreland basin]]
			* [[Forebulge]]

	==References==		==References==
	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14634988.2017.1304129~~<nowiki/>~~{{Reflist}}		https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14634988.2017.1304129
			{{Reflist}}

	==External links==		==External links==

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2021-07-11T11:45:48Z

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{{Short description|Part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
[[File:Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg|thumb|400px|Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins]]
The '''Ganga Basin''' is a part of the [[Ganges River|Ganges]]-[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] basin draining 1,086,000 square kilometres in [[Tibet]], [[Nepal]], [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. To the north, the [[Himalaya]] or lower parallel ranges beyond form the Ganges-Brahmaputra divide. On the west the Ganges Basin borders the [[Indus River|Indus basin]] and then the [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli]] ridge. Southern limits are the [[Vindhya]]s and [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. On the east the Ganges merges with the Brahmaputra through a complex system of common distributaries into the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Its catchment lies in the states of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (294,364 km²), [[Madhya Pradesh]] (198,962 km²), [[Bihar]] (143,961 km²), [[Rajasthan]] (112,490 km²), [[West Bengal]] (71,485 km²), [[Haryana]] (34,341 km²), [[Himachal Pradesh]] (4,317 km²), [[Delhi]], Arunachal pradesh(1,484 km²), the whole of Bangladesh, Nepal and [[Bhutan]]. Several tributaries rise inside Tibet before flowing south through Nepal. The basin has a population of more than 500 million, making it the most populated river basin in the world.

==Description==
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2014}}
The basin comprises semi-arid valleys in the rain shadow north of the Himalaya, densely forested mountains south of the highest ranges, the scrubby [[Shiwalik]] foothills and the fertile [[Gangetic Plains]]. Central highlands south of the Gangetic Plain have plateaus, hills and mountains intersected by valleys and river plains. The important soil types found in the basin are sand, loam, clay and their combinations such as sandy loam, silty clay etc.

The annual surface water potential of the basin has been assessed as 525 km³ in India, out of which 250 km³ is utilisable water. There is about 580,000 km² of arable land; 29.5% of the cultivable area of India.

Water-related issues of the basin are due to both high and low flows. In [[India]], the states of [[Uttrakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]] are affected by floods. [[Bangladesh]] – at the confluence of [[Brahmaputra River]] and [[Ganges River]] – suffers from severe floods almost every year. Northern Ganges tributaries such as [[Kosi River|Kosi]], [[Gandaki River|Gandak]] and [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] are the most flood-prone, but southern tributaries also contribute. Low flows are caused by scarcity of rainfall outside the summer [[Monsoon#Asia-Australian Monsoon|Monsoon]], and sometimes by failure of this monsoon to develop to its normal extent.
The Ganges is joined by Kosi, [[Ghaghra]], Gandak from the Himalayas and by Chambal, Betwa, Son from the peninsular region.

'''Culture and Ganges''': The River Ganges (also referred to as Ganga) is a symbol of faith, hope, culture and sanity, as well as a source of livelihood for millions since time immemorial. She is the centre of social and religious tradition in the Indian sub-continent and particularly sacred in [[Hinduism]]. The very special faith and respect for the River Ganges in India are as old as Indian culture itself. These are amply reflected in such ancient Indian scriptures as: ''Vedas, Puranas, Mahabharata, Ramayana'' and several others. In fact, respect for Ganga is a part of Indian identity and the very symbol of [[Indian culture]]. The history of Ganga in nurturing culture and civilizations is appreciated through fostering native culture in its basin, shifting of the Indus-Sarasvati basin civilization into its fold, and promoting integration of cultures to develop Indian civilization.

==References==
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14634988.2017.1304129<nowiki/>{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law]. Peace Palace Library
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4322582.stm S Asia's deadly Himalayan fault]
* http://cpwfbfp.pbwiki.com

{{Waters of South Asia}}
{{GeoSouthAsia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25.7|N|84.9|E|type:river_region:IN|display=title}}

{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Ganges basin| ]]
[[Category:Ganges|.]]
[[Category:Drainage basins of India]]
[[Category:Landforms of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Northeast India]]
[[Category:Freshwater ecoregions]]