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{{short description|Irrigation system of canals}}
{{distinguish|Ganges Canal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox Canal
|name = Gang Canal (Bikaner canal)
|image = Gang Canal Rajasthan Sivender.jpg
|image_caption = Gang canal in northern-western area of district near Ganganagar
|former_names =
|modern_name =
|original_owner = [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[Bikaner State]], [[Bahawalpur State]]
|engineer =
|other_engineer =
|date_act =
|date_began = 5 December 1925
|date_use = 26 October 1927
|date_completed =
|date_extended =
|date_closed =
|date_restored =
|len =
|len_in =
|original_boat_length =
|original_boat_length_in =
|len_note =
|beam =
|beam_in =
|original_beam =
|original_beam_in =
|beam_note =
|start_point = {{coord|30.9896|74.5538}}
|original_start =
|start_note =
|end_point = {{coord|29.4939|73.6423}}
|original_end =
|end_note =
|branch =
|branch_of =
|connects_to =
|locks =
|original_num_locks =
|lock_note =
|elev =
|elev_note =
|status =
|navigation_authority =
}}
The '''Ganga Canal''' of [[Rajasthan]]<ref name="Hillel2016">{{citation|author=Daniel Hillel|title=Advances in Irrigation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQXgBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4832-1527-3|page=132}}</ref> (also called '''Gang Canal''') is an irrigation system of canals laid down by [[Maharaja Ganga Singh]] of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]] in his princely state in the present district of [[Sri Ganganagar]] in the early twentieth century. It is fed from the [[Sutlej River]] near [[Firozpur]], Punjab, close to the India–Pakistan border, and passes through the [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]] and [[Muktsar district]]s. Faridkot's [[Jhok Sarkari]] village lies on its path.

==History==

The Bikaner state was one of the areas most affected by the [[Indian famine of 1899–1900]]. In order to get rid of this problem permanently, in 1903 Maharaja [[Ganga Singh]] obtained the services of A. W. E. Standley, chief engineer, who demonstrated the feasibility of the western area of the [[Bikaner State]] being brought under irrigation from the Satluj Waters. The plan of the Satluj Valley Project was drawn by then chief engineer of Punjab Mr. R. G. Kennedy, according to which the vast area of erstwhile Bikaner state could be brought under irrigation. Because of objections by the erstwhile Muslim [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|State of Bahawalpur]], the project got delayed and finally with intervention of then [[viceroy of India]], [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]], in 1906, a tripartite conference was held and an agreement was signed on 4 September 1920. The foundation stone of the Canal Head Works at Ferozepur was laid on 5 December 1925 and the work completed in 1927 by constructing 89 miles of lined canal. The opening ceremony was performed on 26 October 1927 by [[Lord Irwin]], the then viceroy of India. Irrigated parts of then Bikaner State now came under the [[Sri Ganganagar district]] and [[Hanumangarh district]].{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} The canal irrigates 303,000 hectares of land, roughly equivalent to that of the [[Upper Bari Doab Canal]].<ref name="Hillel2016"/>

During the [[Partition of India]], Sir [[Cyril Radcliffe]], the chairman of the [[Radcliffe Line#Events leading up to the Radcliffe Boundary Commissions|Punjab Boundary Commission]], initially considered awarding the [[Ferozpur District|Ferozpur and Zira tehsils]] of the Ferozpur District to Pakistan. This would have put the headwaters of the Ganga Canal in the territory of Pakistan. Bikaner's prime minister [[K. M. Panikkar]] warned the Viceroy [[Lord Mountbatten]] that the Bikaner state would have no choice but to accede to Pakistan in the event of the headwaters going to Pakistan. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] also wrote to the Viceroy stating that it would be "most dangerous" for the Ferozpur district to go to Pakistan for "strategic and irrigation reasons". Subsequently, Radcliffe removed the salient and awarded the entire Ferozpur district to India.{{sfn|Wolpert, Shameful Flight|2009|pp=167–168}}

==See also==
* [[Indira Gandhi Canal]]
* [[Radcliffe Line]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley |title=Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zuoMsBWCTBUC |year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |page=167 |isbn=9780195393941 |ref={{sfnref|Wolpert, Shameful Flight|2009}}}}

==External links==
* Gang Canal marked on OpenStreetMap: [https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/45828945#map=9/30.4339/73.7274&layers=C 1], [https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/115653829#map=9/30.4339/73.7274&layers=C 2], [https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/107211567#map=9/30.4339/73.7274&layers=C 3], [https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/132569404#map=9/30.4339/73.7274&layers=C 4]

{{Hydrography of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|30.9896|N|74.5538|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Sri Ganganagar district]]
[[Category:Canals in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Irrigation canals]]
[[Category:Canals opened in 1927]]

{{India-dam-stub}}

Ganga Canal (Rajasthan) - Revision history

Svetlanacnc: fixed issues

>FULBERT: Reverted edits by 103.94.111.236 (talk) to last revision by Dawnseeker2000: using Wikipedia for advertising/promotion

>Dawnseeker2000: date format audit, minor formatting