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			{{Short description\|British Indian Army officer}}
	{{Other people\|Frederick Young}}		{{Other people\|Frederick Young}}
	~~{{refimprove\|date=May 2009}}~~
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2021}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=May 2021}}		{{EngvarB\|date=May 2021}}
			[[File:Frederick_Young.jpg\|thumb\|An oil-painting by L. Reynolds Gwatkin, 1839]]
			'''Frederick Young''' (30 November 1786 – 22 May 1874) was an [[East India Company]] army officer from Ireland who became the founder of the Sirmoor Battalion later [[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)]], the first [[Gurkha]] regiment to fight for the British. He also established a hunting lodge in [[Mussoorie]] along with [[Frederick John Shore]] which was a precursor to the development of the area as a British settlement. He is considered as the founder of the British settlement at Mussoorie.

	'''Frederick Young~~'''~~ (~~1786–1874~~) ~~was~~ the ~~founder~~ of the ~~Sirmoor Battalion later~~ [[~~2nd King Edward VII~~'s ~~Own Gurkha Rifles~~ (~~The Sirmoor Rifles~~)]], the ~~first~~ [[~~Gurkha~~]] regiment to ~~fight for~~ the ~~British~~.<ref name="empire">{{Cite web \|title=2nd Gurkha Rifles - The Sirmoor Regiment \|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/gurkha/2ndgurkhas.htm \|work=britishempire.co.uk/ \|access-date=2009-05-11}}</ref>		== Life and work ==
			[[File:Young's potato garden.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A picture of Young's potato garden in Mussoorie]]
			Young was born in Green Castle, [[Moville]], [[Culdaff]], Inishowen peninsula, in the north of [[County Donegal]], [[Ireland]]. He came from an old family of Presbyterian landlords who came to [[Culdaff]] in the 17th century as tenants of the Marquis of Donegal.{{sfn\|Young\|1924\|p=3}} His father was Rev. Gardiner Young (1745-1822) who served as [[Rector (ecclesiastical)\|Rector]] in [[Moville]] and [[Coleraine]]. His mother was Catherine Richardson and Frederick Harvey, Bishop of Derry was his godfather.<ref group=note>Jenkins:3.</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=General Frederick Young, first commandant of Sirmur battalion (Second Gurka rifles) the life-story of one of the old brigade in India : 1786-1874, including reminiscences of Ireland and India in the 'fifties'\|author=Jenkins, L. Hadow\|year=1923\| publisher=George Routledge and Sons\|place=London}}</ref>
			[[File:Young Dehra Dun.jpg\|thumb\|Young's home in Dehra Dun]]
			[[File:Jeannette Bird Young.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Jeanette Young in 1825]]
			Young went to [[Company rule in India\|India]] at the age of 15, and joined the East India Company army as an ensign. He served initially under General [[Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake\|Lake]] in central India, seeing action in the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] (1803-05).<ref group="note">Jenkins:8-11.</ref> He then became an [[Aide-de-camp\|Aide-de-Camp]] to Sir [[Robert Rollo Gillespie\|Rollo Gillespie]] and served in Java.<ref group="note">Jenkins:28-39.</ref> In 1814 he followed Gillespie into Nepal to wrest control from the gurkhas of the Kathmandu Valley. Gillespie was killed in the [[Battle of Nalapani]], dying in the arms of Young. Command was then transferred to General [[David Ochterlony]]. During the Nepal war Young was briefly held prisoner by the gurkhas who supposedly appreciated his bravery.<ref group="note">Jenkins:40-49.</ref> A campaign at Jaithak fort where Young was involved was successful and the gurkhas were defeated. He was able to convince the gurkhas to serve the English and he founded the Sirmoor Regiment at Nahan in Sirmoor State in 1815. He was promoted from Lieutenant to Captain in 1821, Major in 1826, and Lt. Col. in 1830.<ref name=":0">{{cite book \|author=Hodson, V.C.P. \|title=List of the officers of the Bengal army, 1758-1834, part IV \|publisher=Philimore and Company\|year=1947 \|place=London \|pages=544–545}}</ref> He served as a political agent for Dehra Dun from 1829 which also became the home of the regiment. The regiment of about 3000 soldiers was to prompt Young to say that "I came there one man, and I came back three thousand".<ref name="empire" /> They saw action during the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War\|Third Mahratta War]] and played a major role at Delhi during [[Indian Rebellion of 1857\|1857]].<ref name="empire">{{Cite web \|title=2nd Gurkha Rifles - The Sirmoor Regiment \|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/gurkha/2ndgurkhas.htm \|work=britishempire.co.uk/ \|access-date=2009-05-11}}</ref><ref group="note">Jenkins:51-59.</ref> Young also assisted [[Frederick John Shore]] during the campaign against a [[gurjar]] leader in 1824 at Saharanpur.<ref group="note">Jenkins:59-61.</ref> In December 1849 Young was diverted from Dinapore to Darjeeling to prepare for an invasion of Sikkim following the hostage situation involving the botanist [[Joseph Dalton Hooker\|Joseph Hooker]].<ref group="note">Jenkins:148-150.</ref>

	Young was ~~born in~~ [[~~Culdaff]], Inishowen peninsula, in the north of [[County Donegal]], [[Ireland~~]]. ~~He belonged~~ to an important ~~landlord family which came to [[Culdaff]]~~ in the ~~17th century~~.~~{{sfn\|~~Young~~\|1924\|p=3}} Members of the family still reside~~ in ~~Culdaff House. His father was Rev~~. ~~Gardiner~~ Young ~~who served as [[Rector (ecclesiastical)\|Rector]] in [[Moville]]~~ and ~~[[Coleraine]]~~.~~{{fact\|date~~=~~May 2021}}~~		Young was a keen sport hunter and along with Frederick Shore he set up a hunting lodge near [[Mussoorie]] on a slope at Camel's back. This area was later to become an important British settlement in the hills. Young built a bungalow in Mussoorie called “Mullingar” after his home in Ireland. Young introduced tea and potato cultivation into the region.<ref group="note">Jenkins:63-64.</ref> He retired with the rank of Major General in 1854 (promoted to General in 1865<ref name=":0" />)<ref group="note">Jenkins:175.</ref> to live in Fairy Hill, Bray, Ireland. He married Jeanette Jamesina (13 February 1808, Berhampore – 10 April 1852, died in Dinapore, buried in Calcutta) daughter of Colonel John Jenkins Bird in 1825<ref group="note">Jenkins:71.</ref> and they had eight children. He died at ''The Albany'', his Dublin townhouse aged 88.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=General Fredrick Young (1786 – 1874) – Founder Of The Gurkhas \|url=https://camus-juxta-bann.org/general-young/ \|access-date=2023-08-16 \|website=St Mary's Church. Parish of Camus-juxta-Bann \|language=en-US}}</ref>

	~~Frederick Young went to [[India]] at the age of 15, joined the army and became a general~~.~~{{sfn\|Bonner\|1972\|p=272}}~~ He ~~founded~~ the ~~Ghurkha Regiment as a lieutenant,~~<ref name="~~empire~~" /> ~~shortly after an incident involving Sir [[Rollo Gillespie]] during an invasion of [[Nepal]]~~. ~~Referring~~ to ~~the establishment of the regiment~~, ~~he said~~, ~~"I came there one man; I came back three thousand"~~.~~{{sfn\|Young\|1924\|p=109}}~~

	~~He built a house at [[Mussoorie]] and planted the first tea and potato ever grown in the [[Himalayas]].~~ He married Jeanette Bird in 1825 and had eight children. He ~~settled in Ireland after he left the army and~~ died ~~in 1874~~. ~~A memorial to the~~ Young ~~family can be seen in the village of Culdaff opposite the village church where members of the Young family are interred~~.~~{{sfn~~\|~~Harkin~~\|~~1935~~\|p=~~150~~}}

			== Notes==
			{{reflist\|colwidth=30em\|group=note}}
	== References ==		== References ==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
			== Other sources ==
	* {{Cite book \|last=Young \|first=Amy \|title=Three Hundred Years in Inishowen \|location=Belfast \|year=1924 }}		* {{Cite book \|last=Young \|first=Amy \|title=Three Hundred Years in Inishowen \|location=Belfast \|year=1924 }}
	* {{Cite book \|last=Bonner \|first=Brian \|title=Our Inishowen Heritage \|location=Dublin \|year=1972 }}		* {{Cite book \|last=Bonner \|first=Brian \|title=Our Inishowen Heritage \|location=Dublin \|year=1972 }}
	* {{Cite book \|last=Harkin \|first=Michael \|title=Inishowen its History, Tradition and Antiquities \|location=Carndonagh \|year=1935 }}		* {{Cite book \|last=Harkin \|first=Michael \|title=Inishowen its History, Tradition and Antiquities \|location=Carndonagh \|year=1935 }}
			== External links ==
			* [https://www.britishempire.co.uk/library/mussoorieandlandour.htm Mussoorie & Landour: Footprints of the Past]
			* [https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/general-frederick-young-17861874-who-raised-and-commanded-the-sirmoor-battalion-later-king-edward-viis-own-gurkhas-the-sirmoor-rifles-18151842-24271 Portrait by James Prinsep Beadle (1863–1947)]

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Young, Frederick}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Young, Frederick}}
	[[Category:1786 births]]		[[Category:1786 births]]
	[[Category:1874 deaths]]		[[Category:1874 deaths]]
	[[Category:~~People~~ from County Donegal]]		[[Category:Military personnel from County Donegal]]
	[[Category:British East India Company Army generals]]		[[Category:British East India Company Army generals]]
			[[Category:British people in British India]]

>AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Fact}}

2021-05-01T17:29:07Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{Fact}}

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{{Other people|Frederick Young}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2021}}

'''Frederick Young''' (1786–1874) was the founder of the Sirmoor Battalion later [[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)]], the first [[Gurkha]] regiment to fight for the British.<ref name="empire">{{Cite web |title=2nd Gurkha Rifles - The Sirmoor Regiment |url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/gurkha/2ndgurkhas.htm |work=britishempire.co.uk/ |access-date=2009-05-11}}</ref>

Young was born in [[Culdaff]], Inishowen peninsula, in the north of [[County Donegal]], [[Ireland]]. He belonged to an important landlord family which came to [[Culdaff]] in the 17th century.{{sfn|Young|1924|p=3}} Members of the family still reside in Culdaff House. His father was Rev. Gardiner Young who served as [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|Rector]] in [[Moville]] and [[Coleraine]].{{fact|date=May 2021}}

Frederick Young went to [[India]] at the age of 15, joined the army and became a general.{{sfn|Bonner|1972|p=272}} He founded the Ghurkha Regiment as a lieutenant,<ref name="empire" /> shortly after an incident involving Sir [[Rollo Gillespie]] during an invasion of [[Nepal]]. Referring to the establishment of the regiment, he said, "I came there one man; I came back three thousand".{{sfn|Young|1924|p=109}}

He built a house at [[Mussoorie]] and planted the first tea and potato ever grown in the [[Himalayas]]. He married Jeanette Bird in 1825 and had eight children. He settled in Ireland after he left the army and died in 1874. A memorial to the Young family can be seen in the village of Culdaff opposite the village church where members of the Young family are interred.{{sfn|Harkin|1935|p=150}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* {{Cite book |last=Young |first=Amy |title=Three Hundred Years in Inishowen |location=Belfast |year=1924 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Bonner |first=Brian |title=Our Inishowen Heritage |location=Dublin |year=1972 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Harkin |first=Michael |title=Inishowen its History, Tradition and Antiquities |location=Carndonagh |year=1935 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Young, Frederick}}
[[Category:1786 births]]
[[Category:1874 deaths]]
[[Category:People from County Donegal]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army generals]]

Frederick Young (East India Company officer) - Revision history

ClaytonFogg: improved structure to improve readability

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