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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:11, 23 December 2022
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	{{short description\|British botanist (1885-1958)}}		{{short description\|British botanist (1885-1958)}}
	{{more citations needed\|date=April ~~2022~~}}		{{more citations needed\|date=April 2007}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=August ~~2022~~}}		{{EngvarB\|date=August 2014}}
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	==External links==		==External links==
	*[http://www.french4tots.co.uk/kingdon-ward/index.php Biography of Frank Kingdon-Ward] (by the author of this ~~Bharatpedia~~ article)		*[http://www.french4tots.co.uk/kingdon-ward/index.php Biography of Frank Kingdon-Ward] (by the author of this Wikipedia article)
	*[https://www.plantexplorers.com/explorers/biographies/kingdon-ward/frank-kingdon-ward.htm Francis (Frank) Kingdon-Ward (1885-1958)] Brief biography with much useful material not covered here		*[https://www.plantexplorers.com/explorers/biographies/kingdon-ward/frank-kingdon-ward.htm Francis (Frank) Kingdon-Ward (1885-1958)] Brief biography with much useful material not covered here
	*[https://www.duncanjdsmith.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Forgotten_Kingdon-Ward.pdf Forgotten Travellers: In the Land of the Blue Poppy] Essay on F. Kingdon Ward		*[https://www.duncanjdsmith.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Forgotten_Kingdon-Ward.pdf Forgotten Travellers: In the Land of the Blue Poppy] Essay on F. Kingdon Ward

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{{short description|British botanist (1885-1958)}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox writer
| embed =
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| name = Frank Kingdon-Ward
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| birth_name = Francis Kingdon Ward
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1885|11|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manchester]], England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1958|04|08|1885|11|06|df=y}}
| death_place =
| resting_place = [[Grantchester]], England
| occupation = [[Botanist]], explorer, plant collector and author
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| period =
| genre = Natural history
| subject = Plants
| movement =
| notableworks = ''On the Road to Tibet''
| spouses = Florinda Norman-Thompson (m. 1923), Jean Macklin (m. 1947)
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| relatives = [[Harry Marshall Ward]] and Selina Mary Ward
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'''Francis Kingdon-Ward''', born '''Francis Kingdon Ward''' [[OBE]], (6 November 1885 in [[Manchester]] – 8 April 1958) was an English [[botanist]], explorer, plant collector and author. He published most of his books as '''Frank Kingdon-Ward''' and this hyphenated form of his name stuck, becoming the surname of his wives and two daughters. It also became a [[pen name]] for his sister [[Winifred Mary Ward]] by default.

==Biography==
[[File:Rhododendron wardii var puralbum.jpg|thumb|''Rhododendron wardii'' var. ''puralbum'', a naturally occurring white-flowered variety of the yellow-flowered species named for Frank Kingdon-Ward]]
[[File:Siroi Lily.jpg|thumb|Siroi lily, ''Lilium macklinii'']]

Son of [[Harry Marshall Ward]] and Selina Mary Ward, née Kingdon; he went on around 25 expeditions over a period of nearly fifty years, exploring [[Tibet]], North Western China, [[Myanmar]] and [[Assam]] (now part of North Eastern [[India]]).<ref>Based on his 25 published books. Some expeditions blurred into each other, hence the ambiguity about the exact number of expeditions.</ref> In Myanmar he met and conducted some research into forestry and plants in the country with native botanist [[Chit Ko Ko]].

Among his collections were the first viable seed of ''[[Meconopsis betonicifolia]]'' ([[Himalayan blue poppy]], first discovered by [[Delavay|Pére Delavay]]),<ref>''Land of the Blue Poppy''</ref> ''[[Primula]] florindae'' (giant cowslip, named after his first wife Florinda, ''née'' Norman-Thompson)<ref name="works">His published works, as listed above</ref> and ''[[Rhododendron]] wardii'', a yellow flowered species.<ref name="works"/>

A species of lizard, ''[[Calotes|Calotes kingdonwardi]]'', is named in his honor.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Kingdon-Ward", p. 141).</ref> He is also commemorated in [[Ward's trogon]], ''Harpactes wardi''.

He survived many accidents on his expeditions including being impaled on a bamboo spike, falling off a cliff (stopped by a tree growing from the cliff), lost for two days with no food, tent crushed by a tree in a storm, and he was close to the epicentre of an [[1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake|earthquake]] (registering 9.6 on the [[Richter magnitude scale]]) on 15 August 1950 during an expedition in Assam.<ref>{{Cite journal | last=Kingdon-Ward | first=F. | date=1953 | title=The Assam Earthquake of 1950 | journal=The Geographical Journal | jstor=1791200 | volume=119 | issue=2 | pages=169-182 | doi=10.2307/1791200}}</ref>

In addition to his professional activities as a botanist, in the 1930s Kingdon-Ward also served as a spy for the British India Office. In 1935, Kingdon-Ward was arrested by [[Tibetan people|Tibetans]] after he crossed the [[Sela pass]] into the Tawang tract ( now [[Tawang District]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India) despite being refused permission to do so by the Tibetan authorities who were then administering Tawang. Tibetans protested this violation of their border to the British mission then visiting [[Lhasa]]. Kingdon-Ward was quickly released, but this incident led the British to investigate the status of the border, and it was discovered that the entire Tawang tract had been ceded to British India by Tibet by the [[Simla Accord (1914)|Simla Convention]] negotiated by Sir Henry McMahon with the Tibetans in 1914.<ref>{{cite book | last=Lamb | first=Alister | title=British India and Tibet, 1766–1910 | publisher=Routledge | year=1986 | page=418ff | isbn=0-7102-0872-3}}</ref>

In 1923 he moved to [[Hatton Gore]], a big house on the east side of Hatton Road, [[Hatton, London]]; the site of the house is now under the east end of [[London Heathrow Airport]]. He built there a big [[rockery]] looking like a bend in a river ravine in the Himalayas.<ref>page 52, Sherwood, Philip. (2009) ''Heathrow: 2000 Years of History''. Stroud: The History Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7509-5086-2}}</ref> He sold the house due to a loss that he made running a [[plant nursery]] business.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.french4tots.co.uk/kingdon-ward/fkw-timeline.html|title=Frank Kingdon-Ward timeline of events in his life.|work=french4tots.co.uk}}</ref>

He was married twice, first to Florinda Norman-Thompson on 11 April 1923; later, to [[Jean Macklin]], on 12 November 1947,<ref name="lyte">''Frank Kingdon-Ward, Last of the Great Plant Hunters'', Charles Lyte (1989)</ref> to whom he remained married until his death.

Florinda Kingdon-Ward had a brief political career which included standing as a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] candidate for Parliament at the 1950 UK General Election in [[Lewes (UK Parliament constituency)|Lewes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge50/i13.htm|title=UK General Election results: February 1950 [Archive]|work=politicsresources.net}}</ref>

Even towards the end of his career he was still active, his greatest "swansong" plant was probably ''[[Siroi lily|Lilium mackliniae]]'', found jointly with his second wife after whom it is named. At age 68 he climbed to over 1,730–2,590 metres (5,680–8,500 ft) above sea level in the [[Ukhrul district]] of Manipur, India (near the boundary of Myanmar to the east) and was still discovering new species of plants on his last expedition in 1956,<ref name="works"/> including ''[[Roscoea australis]]'', the most southerly representative of its genus.<ref name=Cowl82>{{Citation |last=Cowley |first=E.J. |year=1982 |title=A revision of ''Roscoea (Zingiberaceae)'' |journal=Kew Bulletin |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=747–777 |jstor=4117918 |doi=10.2307/4117918}}</ref>

He was made an [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1952.<ref name ="ODNBKingdonWard">{{Cite ODNB|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/34327|title=Ward, Francis [Frank] Kingdon-}}</ref>

Frank Kingdon-Ward died on 8 April 1958 aged 72. He had suffered a stroke and went into a coma from which he never recovered.<ref name="lyte"/> He was buried in the [[churchyard]] at [[Grantchester]].

==Published works==
He wrote 25 books, mostly accounts of his expeditions. The titles, dates and publishers are as follows:
*[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008884100 ''On the Road to Tibet''] (1910) Shanghai Mercury Ltd. Shanghai
*[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001258791 ''Land of the Blue Poppy''] (1913) Cambridge University Press<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''The Land of the Blue Poppy: Travels of a Naturalist in Eastern Tibet'' by F. Kingdon Ward|journal=The Athenaeum|date=19 July 1913|issue= 4473|page=66|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435024898074;view=1up;seq=84}}</ref>
*''In Farthest Burma'' (1921) Seeley Service and Co<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''In Farthest Burma'' by Captain F. Kingdon Ward|author=Davies, H. R.|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=September 1921 |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=230–232 |doi=10.2307/1780494|jstor=1780494|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015031940060;view=1up;seq=278}}</ref> (reprinted by Orchid Press, Thailand; 2nd rev edition (Jan 2005) {{ISBN|978-974-524-062-9}})
*''Mystery Rivers of Tibet'' (1923) Seeley Service and Co (reprinted by Cadogan Books, 1986 {{ISBN|0-946313-52-0}})
*''From China to Hkamti Long'' (1924) Edward Arnold and Co
*''The Romance of Plant Hunting'' (1924) Edward Arnold and Co
*''Riddle of the Tsangpo Gorges'' (1926) Edward Arnold and Co
*''Rhododendrons for Everyone'' (1926) The Gardener's Chronicle Ltd
*''Plant Hunting on the Edge of the World'' (1930) Victor Gollancz (reprinted 1974, Theophrastus)
*''Plant Hunting in the Wilds'' (1931) Figurehead (Pioneer series)
*''The Loom of the East'' (1932) Martin Hopkinson Ltd
*''A Plant Hunter in Tibet'' (1934) Jonathan Cape (reprinted by White Orchid, Thailand (2006) {{ISBN|978-974-524-087-2}})
*''The Romance of Gardening'' (1935) Jonathan Cape
*''Plant Hunter's Paradise'' (1937) Jonathan Cape
*''Assam Adventure'' (1941) Jonathan Cape
*''Modern Exploration'' (1945) Jonathan Cape
*''About This Earth'' (1946) Jonathan Cape
*''Commonsense Rock Gardening'' (1948) Jonathan Cape
*''Burma's Icy Mountains'' (1949) Jonathan Cape (reprinted by White Orchid, Thailand; 2nd edition (2006) {{ISBN|978-974-524-084-1}})
*''Rhododendrons'' (1949) Latimer House
*''Footsteps in Civilization'' (1950) Jonathan Cape
*''Plant Hunter in Manipur'' (1952) Jonathan Cape
*''Berried Treasure'' (1954) [[Ward Lock & Co|Ward Lock and Co. Ltd.]] London and Melbourne
*''Return to the Irrawaddy'' (1956) Andrew Melrose
*''Pilgrimage for Plants'' (1960) George C. Harrap and Co. Ltd

==Famous relatives==
His sister, [[Winifred Mary Ward]], was a founder of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists and wrote several books on speech therapy.

==Notes==
{{botanist|Kingdon-Ward|Kingdon-Ward, Frank}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* Frank Kingdon-Ward's own works, as listed above
* ''Frank Kingdon-Ward – Last of the Great Plant Hunters'', Charles Lyte (1989), John Murray Publishers Ltd, {{ISBN|978-0-7195-4735-5}}
* [http://www.french4tots.co.uk/kingdon-ward/fkw-timeline.html Frank Kingdon-Ward, timeline of events. 1885–1958]

==External links==
*[http://www.french4tots.co.uk/kingdon-ward/index.php Biography of Frank Kingdon-Ward] (by the author of this Bharatpedia article)
*[https://www.plantexplorers.com/explorers/biographies/kingdon-ward/frank-kingdon-ward.htm Francis (Frank) Kingdon-Ward (1885-1958)] Brief biography with much useful material not covered here
*[https://www.duncanjdsmith.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Forgotten_Kingdon-Ward.pdf Forgotten Travellers: In the Land of the Blue Poppy] Essay on F. Kingdon Ward
*[http://drjosephrock.blogspot.com/2008/03/in-footsteps-of-frank-kingdon-ward.html In the Footsteps of Kingdon Ward: photos of the Salween river, Tibet]
*[http://www.french4tots.co.uk/kingdon-ward/fkw-timeline.html Timeline of Frank Kingdon-Ward's life]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kingdon-Ward, Frank}}
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1958 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at St Paul's School, London]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Writers from Manchester]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Veitch Memorial Medal recipients]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:English botanists]]
[[Category:English explorers]]
[[Category:Plant collectors]]
[[Category:English writers]]
[[Category:Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates]]

Frank Kingdon-Ward - Revision history

EJEBoris894787: added layout additionally and cleaned formatting

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