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[[Papal nobility|Papal Marquis]] '''Francis Augustus MacNutt''' (February 15, 1863 – December 30, 1927) was an [[Indiana]]-born [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] writer, and American diplomat, who later became a high ranking [[Holy See|Vatican]] official.

==Biography==
Francis Augustus MacNutt was also for some time an American diplomat and a prolific writer of plays and histories. MacNutt married Margaret Ogden, grand-daughter of [[Clement Clarke Moore]] who wrote the famous Christmas poem ''[[The Night Before Christmas]]'', and they established themselves in [[Rome]] at the Palazzo Pamphilj in [[Piazza Navona]]. Their home was the center of social life for the [[Roman nobility]] and senior [[Catholic Church]] officials. Today, it is the Embassy of Brazil.

MacNutt was highly influential in [[Holy See|Vatican]] circles and was a close friend to three popes, [[Leo XIII]], [[Pius X]], and [[Benedict XV]], and also to Cardinals [[Rafael Merry del Val]] and [[Mariano Rampolla]], both [[Cardinal Secretary of State|Cardinal Secretaries of State]]. His influence was also known in the [[Austrian Imperial Court]], where he established close ties with the [[Austrian imperial family|imperial family]] including [[Empress Zita]]. He was offered [[Austrian nobility]] as a [[baron]] but quietly refused the distinction. At the Vatican, he worked to find solutions to the "[[Roman Question]]" which kept the Vatican and the [[Kingdom of Italy]] apart following Italy's seizure of the [[Papal States]] in 1870.

In 1903 MacNutt bought a small castle for himself and his wife, "Schloss Ratzotz" as a [[summer home]] at [[Bressanone]]/Brixen in what is today northern Italy.

MacNutt's 1912 translation from the [[Latin]] of [[Peter Martyr Vermigli|Peter Martyr]]'s ''De Orbe Novo'' (1530) was an important work of scholarship that modernized, moderated and improved on its only other translation into English, that of [[Richard Eden (translator)|Richard Eden]] from 1555.

In 1926, the year before his death, he wrote his autobiography, a two volume privately printed text, which was later edited by Father John Donovan and published in 1936 as ''A Papal Chamberlain: The Personal Chronicle of Francis Augustus MacNutt''. The preface was written by [[G.K. Chesterton]] and the foreword by [[Patrick Joseph Hayes|Patrick Joseph Cardinal Hayes]], [[Archbishop of New York]]. It was published by Longmans, Green and Co.

He died of cancer on December 30, 1927, at Schloss Ratzotz, two years before the Vatican and the Italian Kingdom established diplomatic relations which saw the establishment of the Vatican as an independent [[sovereign state]] based on much of his ideas and work. He was buried in the graveyard of ''Santa Maria am Sand'' in Millan near [[Bressanone]] in the largely German-speaking province of [[South Tyrol]], Italy. His headstone makes no mention of his Papal titles or accomplishments. He was buried in the habit of a [[Third Order of Saint Francis|Third Order Lay Franciscan]].

==Bibliography==

===Autobiography===
''A Papal Chamberlain: The Personal Chronicle of Francis Augustus MacNutt'' (1936), featuring a preface by [[G. K. Chesterton]].

===Biographies===
''Bartholomew De Las Casas: His Life, His Apostolate, and His Writings''<ref>{{cite book|last1=MacNutt|first1=Francis Augustus|title=Bartholomew De Las Casas: His Life, His Apostolate, and His Writings|year=1909|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons|url=https://archive.org/details/bartholomewdela00macn}}</ref> (1909)

''[[Hernán Cortés|Fernando Cortes]] and the Conquest of Mexico, 1485–1547'' (1909)<ref>MacNutt, Francis Augustus. ''Fernando Cortes and the Conquest of Mexico, 1485–1547.'' New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, 1909.</ref>

''[[Hernán Cortés|Fernando Cortes]]: His Five Letters of Relation to the [[Emperor Charles V]], 1519–1526'' (1908)<ref>MacNutt, Francis Augustus. ''Fernando Cortes: His Five Letters of Relation to the Emperor Charles V, 1519–1526.'' New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, 1908.</ref>

===Plays===
''Three Plays: Balboa, Xilona, The Victorious Duchess''<ref>{{cite book|last1=MacNutt|first1=Francis Augustus|title=Three Plays: Balboa, Xilona, The Victorious Duchess|publisher=L.J. Gomme|year=1916|url=https://archive.org/details/threeplaysbalbo00macngoog}}</ref> (1916)

=== Translation ===
Martyr D'Anghera, Peter. ''De Orbo Novo: The Eight Decades''. Trans., notes & introduction by Francis Augustus MacNutt. New York: Putnam’s Sons. 1912. Two volumes.

==Distinctions==
The [[Papal nobility|Marquis]] MacNutt was a [[Order of St Gregory the Great|Knight of St Gregory the Great]], a senior Papal honour, and a [[Papal Chamberlain]] to Popes [[Leo XIII]] and [[Pius X]], the only American so appointed at the time.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Gutenberg author|id=4361}}
*{{cite web|title=Francis Augustus MacNutt|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76832810|website=Findagrave.com|accessdate=January 30, 2016}}

{{portal bar|Biography|Catholicism|Indiana}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:MacNutt, Francis Augustus}}

[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1927 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Indiana]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic writers]]
[[Category:Papal chamberlains]]
[[Category:Knights of St. Gregory the Great]]
[[Category:Members of the Third Order of Saint Francis]]
[[Category:Nobles of the Holy See]]

Francis Augustus MacNutt - Revision history

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