https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Fox%E2%80%93North_coalitionFox–North coalition - Revision history2026-08-18T15:25:19ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fox%E2%80%93North_coalition&diff=117486&oldid=prev>Citation bot: Removed parameters. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Jonesey95 | Pages linked from cached User:Jonesey95/sandbox | via #UCB_webform_linked 336/11822021-04-15T17:07:23Z<p>Removed parameters. | <a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:UCB" class="extiw" title="wp:UCB">Use this bot</a>. <a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:DBUG" class="extiw" title="wp:DBUG">Report bugs</a>. | Suggested by Jonesey95 | Pages linked from cached User:Jonesey95/sandbox | via #UCB_webform_linked 336/1182</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox government cabinet<br />
|incumbent = [[First premiership of William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland|April–December 1783]]<br />
|image = Charles James Fox by Karl Anton Hickel (cropped).jpg<br />
|image2 = Nathaniel Dance Lord North cropped cropped.jpg<br />
|caption = Fox (left) and North (right)<br />
|date_formed = {{Start date|1783|4|2|df=y}}<br />
|date_dissolved = {{End date|1783|12|18|df=y}}<br />
|government_head_title = Prime Minister<br />
|government_head = [[William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland|Duke of Portland]]<br />
|deputy_government_head_title = Secretaries of State<br />
|deputy_government_head = {{unbulleted list<br />
| [[Charles James Fox]]<br />
| [[Frederick North, Lord North|Lord North]]<br />
}}<br />
|state_head_title = Monarch<br />
|state_head = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]<br />
|total_number = 15 appointments<!-- not including the ministers serving as Commission of Lord Chancellor --><br />
|political_parties = {{unbulleted list<br />
| [[Foxite]]s<br />
| [[Northite]]s<br />
}}<br />
|legislature_status = {{unbulleted list<br />
| [[Coalition government|Majority (coalition)]]<br />
}}<br />
|opposition_party = {{unbulleted list<br />
| [[Pittite]]s<br />
}}<br />
|opposition_leaders = {{unbulleted list<br />
| [[William Pitt the Younger]]<br />
}}<br />
|legislature_term = {{unbulleted list<br />
|[[List of MPs elected in the British general election, 1780|15th GB Parliament]]<br />
}}<br />
|previous = [[Shelburne ministry]]<br />
|successor = [[First Pitt ministry]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Fox–North coalition''' was a government in Great Britain that held office during 1783.<ref>Chris Cook and John Stevenson, ''British Historical Facts 1760–1830'', Macmillan, 1980</ref> As the name suggests, the ministry was a coalition of the groups supporting [[Charles James Fox]] and [[Frederick North, Lord North|Lord North]]. The official head was [[William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland]], who took office on 2 April 1783.<br />
<br />
Fox was a [[British Whig Party|Whig]] by background, and North came from the nominal [[Tory|Tory Party]]; however, both had fallen out with the government of [[William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne|Lord Shelburne]]. They combined their forces in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] to throw out Shelburne's ministry and then form a government of their own.<br />
<br />
King [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] despised the government, and Fox in particular, but found that no other ministry could be formed at this stage despite several offers to [[William Pitt the Younger]]. Consequently the King declined to provide the government with the normal tools of [[patronage]], and it was forced to look elsewhere.<br />
<br />
The [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] was signed during this government on 3 September 1783, formally ending the [[American Revolutionary War]]. The government also came under strain when, from the opposition, Pitt introduced a proposal for electoral reform to tackle bribery and [[rotten borough]]s. The proposal did not pass, but caused tensions within the coalition which contained both proponents and opponents of political reform.<br />
<br />
The [[British East India Company]] was in trouble; Fox proposed nationalising it, thus providing the government with a new source of appointments so that it could reward and maintain support. The East India Bill was introduced and passed in the Commons, but the King remained deeply opposed. He informed the [[House of Lords]] that he would regard any peer who voted for the bill as his enemy. The bill was defeated on 17 December 1783 and the King immediately dismissed the coalition. It was succeeded by a [[First Pitt the Younger ministry|government]] formed by [[William Pitt the Younger]].<br />
<br />
After being dismissed, Fox and North tried to force Pitt from power through defeat in the House of Commons, but he refused to resign. The response of opinion in the country, evidenced by petitions, resolutions of borough corporations and the actions of the London mobs, showed strong opposition to the coalition and support for Pitt. In March 1784 a [[1784 British general election|general election]] was called in which Pitt's government made massive gains, especially in constituencies decided by popular votes.<br />
<br />
==Principal members of the government==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Office!!Name!!Date<br />
|-<br />
|[[First Lord of the Treasury]]<ref>also [[Leader of the House of Lords]]</ref>||'''[[William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland|The Duke of Portland]]'''||2 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Secretary of State for the Home Department]]<ref name="joint">also joint [[Leader of the House of Commons]]</ref>||'''[[Frederick North, Lord North|Lord North]]'''||2 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]]<ref name="joint" />||'''[[Charles James Fox]]'''||2 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Lord President of the Council]]||'''[[David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield|The Viscount Stormont]]'''||2 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Lord Chancellor]]||In Commission||9 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Lord Privy Seal]]||'''[[Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle|The Earl of Carlisle]]'''||2 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[First Lord of the Admiralty]]||'''[[Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel|The Viscount Keppel]]'''||8 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]||'''[[Lord John Cavendish]]'''||5 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Master-General of the Ordnance]]||'''[[George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend|The Viscount Townshend]]'''||28 April 1783<ref>[https://archive.today/20120804163616/http://www.history.ac.uk/resources/office/ordnance-master Ordnance Masters 1544-1855 | Institute of Historical Research<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[First Lord of Trade]]||[[Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham|The Lord Grantham]]||continued in office<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]]||'''[[John Dunning, 1st Baron Ashburton|The Lord Ashburton]]'''||continued in office<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby|The Earl of Derby]]'''||29 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Treasurer of the Navy]]||[[Charles Townshend, 1st Baron Bayning|Charles Townshend]]||11 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Secretary at War]]||[[Richard FitzPatrick|Richard Fitzpatrick]]||11 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Paymaster of the Forces]]||[[Edmund Burke]]||8 April 1783<br />
|-<br />
|[[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]]||[[Robert Henley, 2nd Earl of Northington|The Earl of Northington]]||1783<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Image:A-Block-for-the-Wigs-Gillray.jpeg|thumb|center|upright=2.25|In ''A Block for the Wigs'' (1783), [[James Gillray]] caricatured the Fox–North coalition. Fox is pictured right; followed by North; and then by [[Edmund Burke]], with a skeleton leg. George III is the blockhead in the centre.]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Cameron–Clegg coalition]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
{{refbegin|30em|indent=y}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Black |first=Jeremy |title=George III: America's Last King |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |date=2006 |isbn=0300117329 }}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Pares |first=Richard |title=King George III and the Politicians |url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=7861542 |location=London |date=1953 }} <br />
*{{cite book |last=Trevelyan |first=George Otto |title=George the Third and Charles Fox: The Concluding Part of the American Revolution |url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6035149 |volume=2 vols |date=1912 |postscript=. [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65473061 Online edition v2].}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Watson |first=J. Steven |title=The Reign of George III, 1760–1815 |date=1960 |postscript=. The standard scholarly history [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=22810171 online edition].}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{succession box | before=[[Shelburne ministry]]| title=[[List of British governments|Government of Great Britain]] | years=1783 | after=[[First Pitt ministry]]}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
{{British ministries}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:British ministries]]<br />
[[Category:Whigs (British political party)|Government]]<br />
[[Category:1783 establishments in Great Britain]]<br />
[[Category:1783 disestablishments in Great Britain]]<br />
[[Category:Ministries of George III of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:1780s in Great Britain]]</div>>Citation bot