Fortaleza de São Sebastião - Revision history

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2022-07-11T18:15:20Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:45, 11 July 2022
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	{{Infobox military structure		{{Infobox military structure
	\|name = Fortaleza de São Sebastião		\|name = Fortaleza de São Sebastião
	\|native_name = Fortim Tivim		\|native_name = Fortim Tivim
	\|partof = [[Portuguese Goa]]		\|partof = [[Portuguese Goa]]
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	\|coordinates = {{coord\|15.6492389\|73.8341908\|type:landmark_region:IN-GA\|display=inline}}		\|coordinates = {{coord\|15.6492389\|73.8341908\|type:landmark_region:IN-GA\|display=inline}}
	\|code = IN-GA		\|code = IN-GA
	\|built = ~~1635-1681~~		\|built = 1635–1681
	\|builder = [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares\|D. Miguel de Noronha]]<br/>		\|builder = [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares\|D. Miguel de Noronha]]<br/>
	\|materials = Brick and Stone fort		\|materials = Brick and Stone fort
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	\|ownership = {{flagicon\|India}} [[Government of India]]		\|ownership = {{flagicon\|India}} [[Government of India]]
	\|open_to_public = Yes		\|open_to_public = Yes
	\|controlledby = {{flagcountry\|Portuguese Empire}} <small>(~~1681-1961~~)</small><br/> {{flagcountry\|India}} <small>(~~1961-~~)</small>		\|controlledby = {{flagcountry\|Portuguese Empire}} <small>(1681–1961)</small><br/> {{flagcountry\|India}} <small>(1961–)</small>
	\|garrison = none		\|garrison = none
	\|current_commander = n/a		\|current_commander = n/a
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	}}		}}

	O '''Fortaleza de São Sebastião''', also called the '''Tivim ~~fort~~''' after the village where a part of the long wall structure was once located~~. The structure~~ spans from the village of [[Tivim]], to the area known as Colvale, in [[Goa]], on the west coast of India. Currently, most of it is in ruins and barely visible. However, parts of the structure are in the process of being restored.		The '''Fortaleza de São Sebastião''', also called the '''Tivim Fort''', after the village where a part of the long wall structure was once located, is a fort that spans from the village of [[Tivim]], to the area known as Colvale, in [[Goa]], on the west coast of India. Currently, most of it is in ruins and barely visible. However, parts of the structure are in the process of being restored.

	It is one in a series of three forts, stretching the length of the Tivim canal - which connects the [[Moira River (Goa)\|Moira River]] to the [[Chapora River]]. The other forts are:		It is one in a series of three forts, stretching the length of the Tivim canal – which connects the [[Moira River (Goa)\|Moira River]] to the [[Chapora River]]. The other forts are [[Forte de Assumpção (Tivim)\|Forte de Assumpção]] and [[Forte de Meio (Tivim)\|Forte de Meio]]
	* [[Forte de Assumpção (Tivim)\|Forte de Assumpção]]
	* [[Forte de Meio (Tivim)\|Forte de Meio]]

	== History ==		== History ==
	This fortification was built in 1635 on the orders of the ~~then Viceroy~~ of the [[Portuguese India\|Estado Português da Índia]], [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares\|D. Miguel de Noronha]], [[Counts and dukes of Linhares\|conde de Linhares]]. The fortifications were completed in ~~the year~~ 1681 by the Count of Alvor as a barrier to safeguard the [[Bardez]] frontier against first the [[Bahamani]]s and later the [[Maratha]]s. The fortifications consisted of a canal with a high wall on its western bank which served as a moat. It also consisted of a series of guard houses at least three of which are still identifiable ruins.		This fortification was built in 1635 on the orders of the viceroy of the [[Portuguese India\|Estado Português da Índia]], [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares\|D. Miguel de Noronha]], [[Counts and dukes of Linhares\|conde de Linhares]]. The fortifications were completed in 1681 by the Count of Alvor as a barrier to safeguard the [[Bardez]] frontier against first the [[Bahamani]]s and later the [[Maratha]]s. The fortifications consisted of a canal with a high wall on its western bank which served as a moat. It also consisted of a series of guard houses at least three of which are still identifiable ruins.

	In 1683, a [[Maratha Invasion of Goa (1683)\|failed invasion by the Marathas]] led by Sambhaji, caused some damage to the building.		In 1683, a [[Maratha Invasion of Goa (1683)\|failed invasion by the Marathas]] led by Sambhaji, caused some damage to the building.
	In 1739, it was again occupied by the Marathas, but for 2 years until it was recaptured by [[Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal]]. The fortification was garrisoned by Portuguese troops until they were withdrawn in 1841 when they were moved to they nearby town of [[Mapuça]]. ~~[[Mapuça]]~~ The fortification gradually lost its strategic importance; it had for a few years been abandoned and neglected. It is now being restored under the auspices of the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology in Goa.<ref>Archives ~~Archichologicalhttp~~://daa.goa.gov.in </ref>
			In 1739, it was again occupied by the Marathas, but for two years until it was recaptured by [[Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal]]. The fortification was garrisoned by Portuguese troops until they were withdrawn in 1841 when they were moved to they nearby town of [[Mapuça]]. The fortification gradually lost its strategic importance; it had for a few years been abandoned and neglected. It is now being restored under the auspices of the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology in Goa.<ref>Archives Archichological http://daa.goa.gov.in </ref>{{incomplete citation\|date=July 2022}}

	===Inscription===		===Inscription===
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	===Protected site===		===Protected site===
	The ruins and site of the fort have been protected by the Government of Goa, Daman and Diu (now the [[Government of Goa]]) as a historical heritage site since 1983.<ref>{{~~Cite web~~\|url = http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/uploads/Ancient%20Monuments%20and%20Archaeological%20Sites.pdf\|~~title~~ = ~~Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites~~\|~~website~~ = Goa Printing Press}}</ref>		The ruins and site of the fort have been protected by the Government of Goa, Daman and Diu (now the [[Government of Goa]]) as a historical heritage site since 1983.<ref>{{Citation \|title=The Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites & Remains Act, 1978 and Rules, 1980 and The Goa, Daman and Diu Treasure Trove Rules, 1975 \|url=http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/uploads/Ancient%20Monuments%20and%20Archaeological%20Sites.pdf \|mode=cs1 \|via=Goa Printing Press}}</ref>

	==Architecture==		==Architecture==
	The fort shows the influence of both Portuguese and Indian architecture. During the short stay of the [[Marathas]] at this fort, they attempted to redesign some parts of the monument based on their architectural style. Though much of the fort is in ruins, its structural importance can still be comprehended.		The fort shows the influence of both Portuguese and Indian architecture. During the short stay of the [[Marathas]] at this fort, they attempted to redesign some parts of the monument based on their architectural style. Though much of the fort is in ruins, its structural importance can still be comprehended.

	The fortress was primarily built of brick and stone and mud and was a long wall which ran alongside the western bank of a canal. In addition, there were at least three guardhouses which contained forces to guard the area. On the exterior the fort had high walls to stop enemies from crossing into the area, known as [[Bardez\|Bardes]]. It is believed that the interior of the fort once had the [[bastions]] and cannons of the Portuguese rulers, but since most of the fort is ruined in the present day, very few traces of them remain to be seen.		The fortress was primarily built of brick and stone and mud and was a long wall which ran alongside the western bank of a canal. In addition, there were at least three guardhouses which contained forces to guard the area. On the exterior the fort had high walls to stop enemies from crossing into the area, known as [[Bardez\|Bardes]]. It is believed that the interior of the fort once had the [[bastions]] and cannons of the Portuguese rulers, but since most of the fort is ruined in the present day, very few traces of them remain to be seen.

	==Chapel of Saint Michael==		==Chapel of Saint Michael==
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	== Bibliography ==		== Bibliography ==
	* Mendes, António Lopes. ''A India portugueza: breve descripção das possessões portuguezas na Ásia''. Asian Educational Services, 1989. {{ISBN\|8120604717}}.		* Mendes, António Lopes. ''A India portugueza: breve descripção das possessões portuguezas na Ásia''. Asian Educational Services, 1989. {{ISBN\|8120604717}}.
			* Archives Archichological http://daa.goa.gov.in

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	~~Archives Archichologicalhttp://daa.goa.gov.in~~
	{{coord\|15.6197\|N\|73.8297\|E\|source:wikidata\|display=title}}		{{coord\|15.6197\|N\|73.8297\|E\|source:wikidata\|display=title}}
	{{Forts and fortresses of the Portuguese empire\|state=collapsed}}		{{Forts and fortresses of the Portuguese empire\|state=collapsed}}
	{{Forts in India \|state=collapsed}}		{{Forts in India \|state=collapsed}}

	[[Category:Portuguese forts]]		[[Category:Portuguese forts]]
	[[Category:Forts in Goa]]		[[Category:Forts in Goa]]
	[[Category:Fortifications articles needing attention]]		[[Category:Fortifications articles needing attention]]
	[[Category:Fortifications articles needing attention to referencing and citation]]		[[Category:Fortifications articles needing attention to referencing and citation]]

UpdateBot at 01:20, 12 February 2022

2022-02-12T01:20:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:50, 12 February 2022
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	This fortification was built in 1635 on the orders of the then Viceroy of the [[Portuguese India\|Estado Português da Índia]], [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares\|D. Miguel de Noronha]], [[Counts and dukes of Linhares\|conde de Linhares]]. The fortifications were completed in the year 1681 by the Count of Alvor as a barrier to safeguard the [[Bardez]] frontier against first the [[Bahamani]]s and later the [[Maratha]]s. The fortifications consisted of a canal with a high wall on its western bank which served as a moat. It also consisted of a series of guard houses at least three of which are still identifiable ruins.		This fortification was built in 1635 on the orders of the then Viceroy of the [[Portuguese India\|Estado Português da Índia]], [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares\|D. Miguel de Noronha]], [[Counts and dukes of Linhares\|conde de Linhares]]. The fortifications were completed in the year 1681 by the Count of Alvor as a barrier to safeguard the [[Bardez]] frontier against first the [[Bahamani]]s and later the [[Maratha]]s. The fortifications consisted of a canal with a high wall on its western bank which served as a moat. It also consisted of a series of guard houses at least three of which are still identifiable ruins.
	In 1683, a [[Maratha Invasion of Goa (1683)\|failed invasion by the Marathas]] led by Sambhaji, caused some damage to the building.		In 1683, a [[Maratha Invasion of Goa (1683)\|failed invasion by the Marathas]] led by Sambhaji, caused some damage to the building.
	In 1739, it was again occupied by the Marathas, but for 2 years until it was recaptured by [[Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal]]. The fortification was garrisoned by Portuguese troops until they were withdrawn in 1841 when they were moved to they nearby town of [[Mapuça]]. [[Mapuça]] The fortification gradually lost its strategic importance; it had for a few years been abandoned and neglected. It is now being restored under the auspices of the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology in Goa.<ref>Archives Archichologicalhttp://daa.goa.gov.in</ref>		In 1739, it was again occupied by the Marathas, but for 2 years until it was recaptured by [[Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal]]. The fortification was garrisoned by Portuguese troops until they were withdrawn in 1841 when they were moved to they nearby town of [[Mapuça]]. [[Mapuça]] The fortification gradually lost its strategic importance; it had for a few years been abandoned and neglected. It is now being restored under the auspices of the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology in Goa.<ref>Archives Archichologicalhttp://daa.goa.gov.in </ref>

	===Inscription===		===Inscription===
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	Archives Archichologicalhttp://daa.goa.gov.in		Archives Archichologicalhttp://daa.goa.gov.in
	{{coord\|15.6197\|N\|73.8297\|E\|source:wikidata\|display=title}}		{{coord\|15.6197\|N\|73.8297\|E\|source:wikidata\|display=title}}
			{{Forts and fortresses of the Portuguese empire\|state=collapsed}}
	{{Forts in India \|state=collapsed}}		{{Forts in India \|state=collapsed}}
	[[Category:Portuguese forts]]		[[Category:Portuguese forts]]

CleanupBot: /* History */clean up

2022-01-03T15:02:26Z

History: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:32, 3 January 2022
Line 41:		Line 41:
	This fortification was built in 1635 on the orders of the then Viceroy of the [[Portuguese India\|Estado Português da Índia]], [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares\|D. Miguel de Noronha]], [[Counts and dukes of Linhares\|conde de Linhares]]. The fortifications were completed in the year 1681 by the Count of Alvor as a barrier to safeguard the [[Bardez]] frontier against first the [[Bahamani]]s and later the [[Maratha]]s. The fortifications consisted of a canal with a high wall on its western bank which served as a moat. It also consisted of a series of guard houses at least three of which are still identifiable ruins.		This fortification was built in 1635 on the orders of the then Viceroy of the [[Portuguese India\|Estado Português da Índia]], [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares\|D. Miguel de Noronha]], [[Counts and dukes of Linhares\|conde de Linhares]]. The fortifications were completed in the year 1681 by the Count of Alvor as a barrier to safeguard the [[Bardez]] frontier against first the [[Bahamani]]s and later the [[Maratha]]s. The fortifications consisted of a canal with a high wall on its western bank which served as a moat. It also consisted of a series of guard houses at least three of which are still identifiable ruins.
	In 1683, a [[Maratha Invasion of Goa (1683)\|failed invasion by the Marathas]] led by Sambhaji, caused some damage to the building.		In 1683, a [[Maratha Invasion of Goa (1683)\|failed invasion by the Marathas]] led by Sambhaji, caused some damage to the building.
	In 1739, it was again occupied by the Marathas, but for 2 years until it was recaptured by [[Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal]]. The fortification was garrisoned by Portuguese troops until they were withdrawn in 1841 when they were moved to they nearby town of [[Mapuça]]. [[Mapuça]] The fortification gradually lost its strategic importance; it had for a few years been abandoned and neglected. It is now being restored under the auspices of the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology in Goa.<ref>Archives Archichologicalhttp://daa.goa.gov.in </ref>		In 1739, it was again occupied by the Marathas, but for 2 years until it was recaptured by [[Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal]]. The fortification was garrisoned by Portuguese troops until they were withdrawn in 1841 when they were moved to they nearby town of [[Mapuça]]. [[Mapuça]] The fortification gradually lost its strategic importance; it had for a few years been abandoned and neglected. It is now being restored under the auspices of the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology in Goa.<ref>Archives Archichologicalhttp://daa.goa.gov.in</ref>

	===Inscription===		===Inscription===

>CambridgeBayWeather: CambridgeBayWeather moved page Fortaleza de São Sebastião (Tivim) to Fortaleza de São Sebastião: Does not require a disambiguation

2021-05-17T05:23:52Z

CambridgeBayWeather moved page Fortaleza de São Sebastião (Tivim) to Fortaleza de São Sebastião: Does not require a disambiguation

New page

{{Infobox military structure
|name = Fortaleza de São Sebastião
|native_name = Fortim Tivim
|partof = [[Portuguese Goa]]
|location = [[Tivim]], [[Goa]]
|image =
|caption =
|map_type = India Goa
|map_size = 150
|map_alt =
|map_caption = Location of Fortaleza de São Sebastião
|type =
|coordinates = {{coord|15.6492389|73.8341908|type:landmark_region:IN-GA|display=inline}}
|code = IN-GA
|built = 1635-1681
|builder = [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares|D. Miguel de Noronha]] 
|materials = Brick and Stone fort
|height =
|used =
|demolished = Abandoned in 1841
|condition = Ruins
|ownership = {{flagicon|India}} [[Government of India]]
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = {{flagcountry|Portuguese Empire}} (1681-1961) {{flagcountry|India}} (1961-)
|garrison = none
|current_commander = n/a
|occupants = none
|battles = 3
|events =
|image2 =
|caption2 =
}}

O '''Fortaleza de São Sebastião''', also called the '''Tivim fort''' after the village where a part of the long wall structure was once located. The structure spans from the village of [[Tivim]], to the area known as Colvale, in [[Goa]], on the west coast of India. Currently, most of it is in ruins and barely visible. However, parts of the structure are in the process of being restored.

It is one in a series of three forts, stretching the length of the Tivim canal - which connects the [[Moira River (Goa)|Moira River]] to the [[Chapora River]]. The other forts are:
* [[Forte de Assumpção (Tivim)|Forte de Assumpção]]
* [[Forte de Meio (Tivim)|Forte de Meio]]

== History ==
This fortification was built in 1635 on the orders of the then Viceroy of the [[Portuguese India|Estado Português da Índia]], [[Miguel de Noronha, 4th Count of Linhares|D. Miguel de Noronha]], [[Counts and dukes of Linhares|conde de Linhares]]. The fortifications were completed in the year 1681 by the Count of Alvor as a barrier to safeguard the [[Bardez]] frontier against first the [[Bahamani]]s and later the [[Maratha]]s. The fortifications consisted of a canal with a high wall on its western bank which served as a moat. It also consisted of a series of guard houses at least three of which are still identifiable ruins.
In 1683, a [[Maratha Invasion of Goa (1683)|failed invasion by the Marathas]] led by Sambhaji, caused some damage to the building.
In 1739, it was again occupied by the Marathas, but for 2 years until it was recaptured by [[Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal]]. The fortification was garrisoned by Portuguese troops until they were withdrawn in 1841 when they were moved to they nearby town of [[Mapuça]]. [[Mapuça]] The fortification gradually lost its strategic importance; it had for a few years been abandoned and neglected. It is now being restored under the auspices of the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology in Goa.<ref>Archives Archichologicalhttp://daa.goa.gov.in </ref>

===Inscription===
On its gates, a Portuguese epigraphic inscription reads:
{{Quote|''Reinando O Catholico Rei Dõ Fillipe XIIIX Governando Este Estado O Vigilãtissimo Dõ Miguel De Noronha Conde De Linhares Se Fez Esta Obra 1635''.}}
{{Quote|"In the reign of the Catholic king Filipe XIIIX, the Governor of this State Miguel de Noronha, Count of Linhares, undertook this work. 1635."}}

===Protected site===
The ruins and site of the fort have been protected by the Government of Goa, Daman and Diu (now the [[Government of Goa]]) as a historical heritage site since 1983.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/uploads/Ancient%20Monuments%20and%20Archaeological%20Sites.pdf|title = Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites|website = Goa Printing Press}}</ref>

==Architecture==
The fort shows the influence of both Portuguese and Indian architecture. During the short stay of the [[Marathas]] at this fort, they attempted to redesign some parts of the monument based on their architectural style. Though much of the fort is in ruins, its structural importance can still be comprehended.

The fortress was primarily built of brick and stone and mud and was a long wall which ran alongside the western bank of a canal. In addition, there were at least three guardhouses which contained forces to guard the area. On the exterior the fort had high walls to stop enemies from crossing into the area, known as [[Bardez|Bardes]]. It is believed that the interior of the fort once had the [[bastions]] and cannons of the Portuguese rulers, but since most of the fort is ruined in the present day, very few traces of them remain to be seen.

==Chapel of Saint Michael==
Nearby stands the Capela de São Michael which is locally called ''fottir'' meaning 'on the fort'. The chapel was founded by the [[Franciscans]] in 1591, renovated in 1678 and rebuilt in 1684 after it suffered fire damage during the [[Maratha Invasion of Goa (1683)|failed invasion of Marathas]] forces under the command of Sambhaji.

== Bibliography ==
* Mendes, António Lopes. ''A India portugueza: breve descripção das possessões portuguezas na Ásia''. Asian Educational Services, 1989. {{ISBN|8120604717}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

Archives Archichologicalhttp://daa.goa.gov.in
{{coord|15.6197|N|73.8297|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{Forts in India |state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Portuguese forts]]
[[Category:Forts in Goa]]
[[Category:Fortifications articles needing attention]]
[[Category:Fortifications articles needing attention to referencing and citation]]