WikiDwarf: Reverted edit by 103.134.124.91 (talk) to last revision by Realsouravbiswas

2026-10-13T16:00:10Z

Reverted edit by 103.134.124.91 (talk) to last revision by Realsouravbiswas

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:30, 13 October 2026
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	=== Automotive Industry ===		=== Automotive Industry ===
	{{Excerpt\|Automotive industry in India\|Exports}}		{{Excerpt\|Automotive industry in India\|Exports}}

	Businesses involved in international trade may use digital tools to manage customs documentation and regulatory requirements. ComplianceCart offers a [trade and customs compliance management solution](https://compliancecart.com/trade-customs/) for businesses managing trade-related compliance processes.

	==Trade statistics==		==Trade statistics==

103.134.124.91: Added information on customs documentation and trade compliance.

2026-10-13T11:01:32Z

Added information on customs documentation and trade compliance.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:31, 13 October 2026
Line 46:		Line 46:
	=== Automotive Industry ===		=== Automotive Industry ===
	{{Excerpt\|Automotive industry in India\|Exports}}		{{Excerpt\|Automotive industry in India\|Exports}}

			Businesses involved in international trade may use digital tools to manage customs documentation and regulatory requirements. ComplianceCart offers a [trade and customs compliance management solution](https://compliancecart.com/trade-customs/) for businesses managing trade-related compliance processes.

	==Trade statistics==		==Trade statistics==

Realsouravbiswas: fix

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fix

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{update|date=June 2012}}
{{trade bloc}}

'''Foreign trade in India''' includes all imports and exports to and from India. At the level of [[Government of India|Central Government]] it is administered by the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Ministry of Commerce and Industry]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Country comparison: Exports|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|work=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=5 June 2017}}</ref> Foreign trade accounted for 48.8% of India's GDP in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_report.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2018|publisher=narendhar|access-date=21 March 2017}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==History==
{{see also|Indo-Roman trade relations}}
Even before independence, the [[Government of India]] maintained semi-autonomous diplomatic relations. It had colonies (such as the [[Colony of Aden|Aden Settlement]]), who sent and received full missions,<ref>[http://www.hcindia-au.org/india_australia.html High Commission of India in Australia: India Australia Relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013123624/http://hcindia-au.org/india_australia.html |date=13 October 2009 }}. Hcindia-au.org (20 April 2011). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> and was a founder member of both the [[League of Nations]]<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~league/1thordinaryassemb.htm First Assembly, Geneva, 15 November – 18 December 1920]. Indiana.edu (18 December 1920). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> and the United Nations.<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/members/growth.shtml UN list of members by admission] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712192515/http://www.un.org/en/members/growth.shtml |date=12 July 2014 }}. Un.org. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> After India gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, it soon joined the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and strongly supported independence movements in other colonies, like the [[Indonesian National Revolution]].<ref>[http://old.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20080717.B08] {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The [[partition of India|partition]] and various [[territorial dispute]]s, particularly that over [[Kashmir dispute|Kashmir]], would strain its [[Indo-Pakistani relations|relations with Pakistan]] for years to come. During the [[Cold War]], India adopted a foreign policy of [[neutrality (international relations)|non-alignment policy]] itself with any major [[power (international)|power bloc]]. However, India developed close [[Indo–Russia relations#Soviet Union and India|ties with the Soviet Union]] and received extensive military support from it.
===Around 100CE===
The [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]] is a document written by an anonymous sailor from [[Alexandria]] about 100CE describing trade between countries, including India.

===Around 1500===
In 1498 [[Portugal in the Age of Discovery|Portuguese explorer]] [[Vasco da Gama]] landed in Calicut (modern day [[Kozhikode]] in [[Kerala]]) as the first European to ever sail to India. The tremendous profit made during this trip made the Portuguese eager for more trade with India and attracted other European navigators and tradesmen.<ref>{{cite book |title=Traditional Exports of India: Performance and Prospects |last=John |first=K. C. |author2=Kevin, S |year=2004 |publisher=New Century Publications |location=Delhi |isbn=81-7708-062-8 |page=59 }}</ref>

[[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] left for India in 1500 and established Portuguese trading posts at Calicut and Cochin (modern day [[Kochi]]), returning to Portugal in 1501 with pepper, ginger, cinnamon, cardamom, nutmeg, mace, and cloves. The profits made from this trip were huge.<ref>{{cite book |title=Traditional Exports of India: Performance and Prospects |last=John |first=K. C. |author2=Kevin, S |year=2004 |publisher=New Century Publications |location=Delhi |isbn=81-7708-062-8 |page=59 }}</ref>

===1991 economic reform===
Prior to the 1991 [[Economic liberalisation in India|economic liberalisation]], India was a closed economy due to the average tariffs exceeding 200 percent and the extensive quantitative restrictions on imports. Foreign investment was strictly restricted to only allow Indian ownership of businesses. Since the liberalisation, India's economy has improved mainly due to increased foreign trade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://go.worldbank.org/RJEB2JGTC0 |title=International Economics & Trade - India: Foreign Trade Policy |work=worldbank.org |year=2011 |access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref>

==Trade in services==
India was the eighth largest exporter of commercial services in the world in 2016, accounting for 3.4% of global [[trade in services]]. India recorded a 5.7% growth in services trade in 2016–17.<ref name="BS1">{{cite web|last1=Chakraborty|first1=Subhayan|title=Only 5 states account for 70% of exports, Economic Survey shows|url=http://www.business-standard.com/budget/article/only-5-states-account-for-70-of-exports-economic-survey-shows-118012900344_1.html|website=Business Standard India|access-date=11 February 2018|date=29 January 2018}}</ref>

==Exports and imports==
{{main|List of exports of India}}

India exports approximately 7500 commodities to about 190 countries, and imports around 6000 commodities from 140 countries.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MvudnXqAPWAC&q=india+export+190+countries&pg=PA358 |title = Macroeconomics and Elementary Statistics|isbn = 9788187140900}}</ref> India exported US$318.2 billion and imported $462.9 billion worth of commodities in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Top India Exports|url = http://www.worldsrichestcountries.com/top-india-exports.html|website = www.worldsrichestcountries.com|access-date = 7 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Top India Imports|url = http://www.worldsrichestcountries.com/top-india-imports.html|website = www.worldsrichestcountries.com|access-date = 7 December 2015}}</ref>

The Government of India's Economic Survey 2017–18 noted that five states — Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Telangana — accounted for 70% of India's total exports. It was the first time that the survey included international export data for states. The survey found a high correlation between a state's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) per capita and its share of total exports. With a high GSDP per capita but low export share, Kerala was the only major outlier because the state's GSDP per capita was heavily influenced by remittances.<ref name = "IE1">{{cite web|title=Economic Survey 2018: 5 states show the way with 70% of exports, enjoy higher standard of living|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/business/economy/economic-survey-five-states-show-the-way-with-70-of-exports-enjoy-higher-standard-of-living-union-budget-5044319/|website=The Indian Express|access-date=11 February 2018|date=30 January 2018}}</ref>

The survey also found that the largest firms in India contributed to a smaller percentage of exports when compared to countries like Brazil, Germany, Mexico, and the United States. The top 1% of India's companies accounted for 38% of total exports.<ref name = "IE1"/>

The provisional data for March exports, released by the Ministry of Commerce at the end of April, reveals a grim situation. As per the data, India’s exports during March 2020 accounted for a little over $21.4 billion, despite a promising performance in just the previous month. This fall of approximately 35% year-on-year, as compared to March 2019 ($32.72 billion), is touching a multi-year low, and the figures are bound to fall further. A key thing to note is that exports have fallen across almost all of the commodity groups. Some commodities have registered a decline by over 30-40%, particularly engineering goods, textiles, meat, cereals, plastics and chemicals, which have been the major growth drivers of exports in recent years. As an immediate aftermath of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic to multiple countries, global demand has fallen significantly and many orders have been cancelled. Further, the disruption of supply chains due to the ongoing lockdown has aggravated the poor performance of Indian exports -- and the situation is likely to worsen in the coming months, before recovery starts. India's electrical machinery and equipment has 40 per cent dependence on imports from China. However this number has reduced from 59.5 per cent in FY18 to 40 per cent in FY19. Although India has increased production of low-end electronic components. Import dependency on China is its major limitation. The automobile sector, which accounts for 7.5 per cent of India's GDP and a massive 49 per cent of the manufacturing GDP, is already facing slowdown. The coronavirus lockdown has made the situation worse for the auto sector as 10 to 30 per cent of automotive components are supplied from China. If factories do not resume activity in China, it could adversely affect the sector.

==Trade statistics==
Summary table of recent India foreign trade (in billion $):<ref>{{Cite web|title = India - Imports - Historical Data Graphs per Year|url = http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=89&c=in&l=en|access-date = 27 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = The World Factbook|url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/|website = www.cia.gov|access-date = 27 December 2015}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title = Export Import Data|url = http://www.eximatlasindia.com|website = www.eximatlasindia.com|access-date = 24 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Export
!Import
!Trade Deficit
|-
|1999
|36.3
|50.2
| -13.9
|-
|2000
|43.1
|60.8
| -17.7
|-
|2001
|42.5
|54.5
| -12.0
|-
|2002
|44.5
|53.8
| -9.3
|-
|2003
|48.3
|61.6
| -13.3
|-
|2004
|57.24
|74.15
| -16.91
|-
|2005
|69.18
|89.33
| -20.15
|-
|2006
|76.23
|113.1
| -36.87
|-
|2007
|112.0
|100.9
| 11.1
|-
|2008
|176.4
|305.5
| -129.1
|-
|2009
|168.2
|274.3
| -106.1
|-
|2010
|201.1
|327.0
| -125.9
|-
|2011
|299.4
|461.4
| -162.0
|-
|2012
|298.4
|500.4
| -202.0
|-
|2013
|313.2
|467.5
| -154.3
|-
|2014
|318.2
|462.9
| -144.7
|-
|2015<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Trade|url=http://commerce.nic.in/eidb/default.asp|website=commerce.nic.in|publisher=Department of Commerce|access-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122004154/http://commerce.nic.in/eidb/default.asp|archive-date=22 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|310.3
|447.9
| -137.6
|-
|2016
|262.3
|381
| -118.7
|-
|2017
|275.8
|384.3
| -108.5
|-
|2018
|303.52
|465.58
| -162.05
|-
|2019
|330.07
|514.07
| -184
|-
|2020
|314.31
|467.19
| -152.88
|}

The top 10 commodity exports in 2007 were as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
!Rank
!Commodity
![[Harmonized System|HS]] Code
!Value (US$ billion)
!Share (%)
|-
|1
|Refined Petroleum
|27
|61.2
|19.2
|-
|2
|Gems, precious metals, coins
|71
|41.2
|13
|-
|3
|Vehicles
|87
|14.5
|4.6
|-
|4
|Machines, engines, pumps
|85
|13.6
|4.3
|-
|5
|Organic chemicals
|29
|12.1
|3.8
|-
|6
|Pharmaceuticals
|30
|11.7
|3.7
|-
|7
|Cereals
|10
|10.1
|3.2
|-
|8
|Iron and steel
|72
|9.1
|2.9
|-
|9
|Clothing (not knit or crotchet)
|58
|9.1
|2.9
|-
|10
|Electronics
|85
|9.1
|2.8
|}

The top 10 commodity imports in 2007 were as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
!Rank
!Commodity
!HS Code
!Value (US$ billion)
!Share (%)
|-
|1
|Oil
|27
|177.5
|38.3
|-
|2
|Gems, precious metals, coins
|71
|60
|13
|-
|3
|Electronics
|85
|32
|6.9
|-
|4
|Machines, engines, pumps
|85
|31.2
|6.7
|-
|5
|Organic chemicals
|29
|18.3
|4
|-
|6
|Plastics
|39
|11.8
|2.6
|-
|7
|Iron and steel
|72
|11.4
|2.5
|-
|8
|Animal/vegetable fats and oils
|15
|10.7
|2.3
|-
|9
|Ores, slag and ash
|26
|7.4
|1.6
|-
|10
|Medical and technical equipment
|90
|7.1
|1.5
|}

==Trading partners of India==
{{see|List of the largest trading partners of India}}
India's largest trading partners in order of value of total trade are [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Germany]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Iraq]], [[Israel]], [[Japan]], [[Nepal]], [[Russia]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[China]], [[Singapore]], [[Switzerland]], the [[United Arab Emirates]] and the [[United States]]. India is biggest exporter of [[pharmaceuticals]], some food products and is a [[mixed economy]].

==See also==
* [[Economy of India]]
* [[Foreign relations of India]]
* [[Remittances to India]]
* [[Business process outsourcing to India]]
* [[List of exports of India]]
* [[List of the largest trading partners of India|Largest trading partners of India]]
* [[Indian diaspora]]
* [[Indianisation]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://dgft.gov.in/ Directorate General of Foreign Trade]
* [http://www.exportersindia.com/blog/6-major-problems-hindering-india-s-export-growth.htm Major Problems Hindering Indias Export Growth]
* [https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/IND/Year/LTST/TradeFlow/EXPIMP/Partner/by-country India Exports and Imports]
{{Economy of India}}

[[Category:Foreign trade of India| ]]

Foreign trade of India - Revision history

WikiDwarf: Reverted edit by 103.134.124.91 (talk) to last revision by Realsouravbiswas

103.134.124.91: Added information on customs documentation and trade compliance.

Realsouravbiswas: fix

>FrescoBot: Bot: link syntax and minor changes