->Wbm1058: redirect bypass from Five-Year Plans for the National Economy of the Soviet Union to Five-year plans of the Soviet Union using popups

2021-10-23T01:52:29Z

redirect bypass from Five-Year Plans for the National Economy of the Soviet Union to Five-year plans of the Soviet Union using popups

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{{politics of Pakistan}}
The '''First Five-Year Plans for the National Economy of Pakistan''', (or also known as '''First Five-Year Plans'''), was a set of the [[Five-year plans of the Soviet Union|Soviet-styled]] [[Central economy|centralized]] [[Economic planning|economic plans]] and targets as part of the economic development initiatives, in the [[State of Pakistan|Pakistan]]. The plans were drafted by the [[Finance Minister of Pakistan|Finance minister]] [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad|Malick Ghoulam]]<ref name=Scribd>{{cite web|last=Scribd|title=Section 3: Economic History|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/75288042/Section-3-History|work=Scribd|publisher=Scribd|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> to [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime minister]] [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] who initially backed the programme, in 1948.<ref name="Library of Congress">{{cite book |date=1995 |chapter=Development Planning |chapter-url=http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/46.htm |editor1-last=Blood |editor1-first=Peter R. |title=Pakistan: A Country Study |url=https://archive.org/details/pakistancountrys00bloo/page/36 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress |pages=[https://archive.org/details/pakistancountrys00bloo/page/36 36,158,200] |isbn=0-8444-0834-4 |url-access=registration }}</ref>

At the time of [[Partition of India|independence]] of [[British Indian Empire|British India]] by the [[United Kingdom]], [[Pakistan]] was an underdeveloped country, relatively standing with Asian countries with distressful economic situations.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)">{{cite book|last=MoF|title=First Five-Year Plans of Pakistan|publisher=Government of Pakistan (MoF)|pages=1–4|url=http://115.186.133.3/pcportal/five%20year%20plans/1st/1fiveyearplanCH-02editing.pdf|format=PDF|chapter=Background of first Five Year Plans for the National Economy of Pakistan}}</ref> The country's systems of [[Ministry of Defence Production|production]], [[Transportation in Pakistan|transportation]], [[Foreign trade of Pakistan|trade and consumption]] yielded a very low standard of living of the people, with little opportunity for [[Education in Pakistan|education]], or [[Export Promotion Bureau|economic advancement]] in the country.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> The industries and financial services were non-existed in the country and [[Agriculture Of Pakistan|agriculture]] development was among the lowest in the world.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> The vast majority of the population still inhabited villages and were untouched with the [[Science and technology in Pakistan|scientific and technological]] development in past two centuries.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> The [[Partition of India|independence]] had the major effect on country's existing economic infrastructure that disrupted the wholesale transfers of population, trade and business, channels of communication, industrial and commercial organization, and the pressing need to establish new provisional governments.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/>

The economic development [[economic planning|planning]] began in 1948 when Prime minister [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] presented the first Five-Year plans at the [[Parliament of Pakistan|parliament]] of Pakistan on 8 July 1948. The first plan was conceived by the [[Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)|Ministry of Finance]] (MoF), and were studied and developed by the [[Economic Coordination Committee]] (ECC) based on the theory of [[Cost-of-production theory of value|Cost-of-production value]], and also covered the areas of [[Trickle-down economics|Trickle-down]] system.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> As part of this programme, the [[State Bank of Pakistan|State Bank]] of Pakistan was established to give a kick start to banking services in the country.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> Quickly, the major economical infrastructure was expanded and the gap was filled by hiring as the government revenue began to rise.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> The [[Currency War|currency war]] with [[India]], following the [[devaluation]] of [[Pound Sterling]]— the currency of [[United Kingdom]], led the deadlock of [[India–Pakistan relations|India-Pakistan trade]] which was caused by Indian refusal to recognition of country's [[Pakistan Rupee|currency]], in 1949.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/>

In the middle of 1950, the relations were restored when India and Pakistan began export trade once again, and in February 1951, India formally accepted to give recognition of Pakistan's currency after entering in new trade agreement, but the older trade relations were not restored.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> The [[Korean War]] led the boom of country's economy but the growth declined after the [[Assassination of liaqat ali khan|assassination]] of [[Liaqat Ali Khan]] in October 1951. More ever, the efforts were failed to continuing the programme which was initially unsystematic, partially due to inadequate staff officers and lack of ambitions.<ref name="Library of Congress"/><ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> In 1953, the programme collapsed when the shortages of clothes, medicines and other essential consumer goods arose; there was also a serious food shortage as a result of a sharp fall in the production of foodgrains in 1951-52 and 1952-53 due to monsoon floods.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> Prime minister [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]] was forced to end the programme after sending his request to provide economical assistance from the United States and other friendly counties.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/>

==Reassessment and collectivization==

The new studies were again conducted in 1955 after the collapse of first programme. According to the census, over 90% of the population was living in rural areas whilst only 10% was living in urban areas.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> In [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]], the urban proportion was low as 4.0% as compared to 18.1% in [[West Pakistan|West-Pakistan]], although the urbanization had been increased at an accelerated level.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/> In 1955, Prime minister [[Muhammad Ali Bogra]] again revived the plan and published in 1956.<ref name="Outline of First Five Year Plan">{{cite web|last=Government of Pakistan|title=Outline of First Five Year Plan|url=http://115.186.133.3/pcportal/five%20year%20plans/1st/1fiveyearplanCH-03editing.pdf|publisher=Outline of First Five Year Plan|accessdate=26 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116162705/http://115.186.133.3/pcportal/five%20year%20plans/1st/1fiveyearplanCH-03editing.pdf|archive-date=16 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> After reassessing, the programme was again launched with focusing (as highest priority) on agricultural development, and the strong emphasis placed on rapidly increasing the developmental effort in East-Pakistan and in the less-developed areas of West Pakistan.<ref name="Outline of First Five Year Plan"/> Prime minister [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy|Huseyn Suhrawardy]] of [[Awami League]] gave much priority to food development, agriculture and social development in both states. The concept of [[Collective farming]] was introduced by Suhrawardy as part of his agricultural policies and around 27.0[[Million|Mn]] rupees were spent in order to organized the agricultural in the country.<ref name="Outline of First Five Year Plan"/> However, this programme was built entirely in the absence of much essential information and basic statistics.<ref name="Government of Pakistan (MoF)"/>

In practice, this plan was not implemented because of its enormous size that lacked the physical and personnel assistance. The shortage of technical knowledge also devastated the programme.<ref name="The Problem of Economic Development and Planning">{{cite web|last=Government of Pakistan|title=The Problem of Economic Development and Planning|url=http://115.186.133.3/pcportal/five%20year%20plans/1st/1fiveyearplanCH-4,IVediting.pdf|publisher=The Problem of Economic Development and Planning|accessdate=26 June 2012}}</ref> The Awami League's government also had shortage of foreign exchange to execute the plan, and was unable to find outside assistance to fulfill its commitment to the first five-year plans.<ref name="The Problem of Economic Development and Planning"/>

==Government database and studies==
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{{Reflist}}

==Government documentation==
*{{cite web |last1=Planning Commission |title=First Five-Year Plans of Pakistan |url=http://www.pc.gov.pk/fiveyear1st.htm|work=Government of Pakistan|publisher=The Electronic Government of Pakistan |accessdate=4 July 2012 |author2=Government of Pakistan|format=PDF|date=May 1948}}

[[Category:Economic history of Pakistan|F]]
[[Category:Socialism in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Communism in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1940s economic history]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League]]
[[Category:Economic planning in Pakistan]]

First Five-Year Plans (Pakistan) - Revision history

->Wbm1058: redirect bypass from Five-Year Plans for the National Economy of the Soviet Union to Five-year plans of the Soviet Union using popups