Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan - Revision history

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	The '''Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan''' is a procurement-cum-development plan of the [[Indian Army]] proposed in the aftermath of the [[Kargil War]], emboldened by the success of the [[Haubits FH77\|155mm Bofors]] guns in its inventory. The procurement involves direct import, manufacture under license and inhouse development of weapon systems.<ref name="ThePrint06Jun2021">{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/brahmastra/indias-artillery-modernisation-programme-must-not-go-the-vaccine-way/671460/ \|title=India's artillery modernisation programme must not go the vaccine way \|author=Snehesh Alex Philip \|date= 4 June 2021 \|website=The Print \|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> The programme is slated to replace the weapons of 169 artillery regiments with modern weapon systems, predominantly 155mm medium guns.<ref name="ThePrint28Nov2020">{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/defence/how-armys-artillery-modernisation-plan-stuck-in-a-rut-after-bofors-is-picking-up-pace/553053/ \|title=How Army's artillery modernisation plan, stuck in a rut after Bofors, is picking up pace \|author=Amrita Nayak Dutta \|date=28 November 2021 \|website=The Print \|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref>		The '''Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan''' is a procurement-cum-development plan of the [[Indian Army]] proposed in the aftermath of the [[Kargil War]], emboldened by the success of the [[Haubits FH77\|155mm Bofors]] guns in its inventory. The procurement involves direct import, manufacture under license and inhouse development of weapon systems.<ref name="ThePrint06Jun2021">{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/brahmastra/indias-artillery-modernisation-programme-must-not-go-the-vaccine-way/671460/ \|title=India's artillery modernisation programme must not go the vaccine way \|author=Snehesh Alex Philip \|date= 4 June 2021 \|website=The Print \|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> The programme is slated to replace the weapons of 169 artillery regiments with modern weapon systems, predominantly 155mm medium guns.<ref name="ThePrint28Nov2020">{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/defence/how-armys-artillery-modernisation-plan-stuck-in-a-rut-after-bofors-is-picking-up-pace/553053/ \|title=How Army's artillery modernisation plan, stuck in a rut after Bofors, is picking up pace \|author=Amrita Nayak Dutta \|date=28 November 2021 \|website=The Print \|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref>

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	The '''Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan''' is a procurement-cum-development plan of the [[Indian Army]] proposed in the aftermath of the [[Kargil War]], emboldened by the success of the [[Haubits FH77\|155mm Bofors]] guns in its inventory. The procurement involves direct import, manufacture under license and inhouse development of weapon systems.<ref name="ThePrint06Jun2021">{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/brahmastra/indias-artillery-modernisation-programme-must-not-go-the-vaccine-way/671460/ \|title=India's artillery modernisation programme must not go the vaccine way \|author=Snehesh Alex Philip \|date= 4 June 2021 \|website=The Print \|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> The programme is slated to replace the weapons of 169 artillery regiments with modern weapon systems, predominantly 155mm medium guns.<ref name="ThePrint28Nov2020">{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/defence/how-armys-artillery-modernisation-plan-stuck-in-a-rut-after-bofors-is-picking-up-pace/553053/ \|title=How Army's artillery modernisation plan, stuck in a rut after Bofors, is picking up pace \|author=Amrita Nayak Dutta \|date=28 November 2021 \|website=The Print \|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref>		The '''Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan''' is a procurement-cum-development plan of the [[Indian Army]] proposed in the aftermath of the [[Kargil War]], emboldened by the success of the [[Haubits FH77\|155mm Bofors]] guns in its inventory. The procurement involves direct import, manufacture under license and inhouse development of weapon systems.<ref name="ThePrint06Jun2021">{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/brahmastra/indias-artillery-modernisation-programme-must-not-go-the-vaccine-way/671460/ \|title=India's artillery modernisation programme must not go the vaccine way \|author=Snehesh Alex Philip \|date= 4 June 2021 \|website=The Print \|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> The programme is slated to replace the weapons of 169 artillery regiments with modern weapon systems, predominantly 155mm medium guns.<ref name="ThePrint28Nov2020">{{cite web \|url=https://theprint.in/defence/how-armys-artillery-modernisation-plan-stuck-in-a-rut-after-bofors-is-picking-up-pace/553053/ \|title=How Army's artillery modernisation plan, stuck in a rut after Bofors, is picking up pace \|author=Amrita Nayak Dutta \|date=28 November 2021 \|website=The Print \|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref>

	Under the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan, the army plans to procure 3000 to 3600 pieces of artillery,<ref name="ThePrint06Jun2021"/> at a cost of US$3 billion. This includes purchasing 1580 towed, 814 mounted, 180 self-propelled wheeled, 100 self-propelled tracked and 145 ultra-light 155 mm/52 calibre artillery guns.		Under the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan, the army plans to procure 3000 to 3600 pieces of artillery,<ref name="ThePrint06Jun2021"/> at a cost of US$3 billion. This includes purchasing 1580 towed, 814 mounted, 180 self-propelled wheeled, 100 self-propelled tracked and 145 ultra-light 155 mm/52 calibre artillery guns.

	== Ultra-light Howitzers ==		== Ultra-light Howitzers ==

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The '''Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan''' is a procurement-cum-development plan of the [[Indian Army]] proposed in the aftermath of the [[Kargil War]], emboldened by the success of the [[Haubits FH77|155mm Bofors]] guns in its inventory. The procurement involves direct import, manufacture under license and inhouse development of weapon systems.<ref name="ThePrint06Jun2021">{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/brahmastra/indias-artillery-modernisation-programme-must-not-go-the-vaccine-way/671460/ |title=India's artillery modernisation programme must not go the vaccine way |author=Snehesh Alex Philip |date= 4 June 2021 |website=The Print |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> The programme is slated to replace the weapons of 169 artillery regiments with modern weapon systems, predominantly 155mm medium guns.<ref name="ThePrint28Nov2020">{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/defence/how-armys-artillery-modernisation-plan-stuck-in-a-rut-after-bofors-is-picking-up-pace/553053/ |title=How Army's artillery modernisation plan, stuck in a rut after Bofors, is picking up pace |author=Amrita Nayak Dutta |date=28 November 2021 |website=The Print |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref>

Under the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan, the army plans to procure 3000 to 3600 pieces of artillery,<ref name="ThePrint06Jun2021"/> at a cost of US$3 billion. This includes purchasing 1580 towed, 814 mounted, 180 self-propelled wheeled, 100 self-propelled tracked and 145 ultra-light 155 mm/52 calibre artillery guns.

== Ultra-light Howitzers ==
After three years of searching and negotiations, India ordered [[M777 howitzer|M777 155  ultra-light howitzer]] from USA in September 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dunnigan|first=James|title=India Joins The M-777 Club|url=http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/India-Joins-The-M-777-Club-9-8-2013.asp|access-date=2 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005012940/http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/India-Joins-The-M-777-Club-9-8-2013.asp|archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref>

The [[Indian Army]] first announced plans to acquire 145 guns for {{INRConvert|30|b|0}},<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/US-okays-howitzers-worth-647-million-for-India/articleshow/5506969.cms |work=The Times of India |first1=Chidanand |last1=Rajghatta |title=US okays howitzers worth $647 million for India |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=30 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130193304/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/US-okays-howitzers-worth-647-million-for-India/articleshow/5506969.cms |archive-date=30 January 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> but purchase plans were overtaken when the procurement process was restarted in July 2010. India's [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] cleared the proposal for buying 145 guns for US$660 million on 11 May 2012 through the US Government's Foreign Military Sales (FMS) process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globaldefence.net/defence-news/21762-india-orders-145-m777-ultra-light-howitzers-from-bae-systems.html|title=India Orders 145 M777 Ultra Light Howitzers From BAE Systems|author=HP|access-date=4 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105020731/http://www.globaldefence.net/defence-news/21762-india-orders-145-m777-ultra-light-howitzers-from-bae-systems.html|archive-date=5 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was put up before the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] for clearance and will subsequently be taken up by the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] for final approval.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/india-clears-660-million-deal-for-artillery-guns/articleshow/13095688.cms|work=The Economic Times|title=India clears $660 million deal for artillery guns |date=11 May 2012}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_india-to-buy-m777-howitzers-from-us_1687512 |work=DNA |title=Defence Ministry clears M777 howitzers procurement projects |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513214402/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_india-to-buy-m777-howitzers-from-us_1687512 |archive-date=13 May 2012 |url-status=live }}
</ref> On 2 August 2013, India requested the sale of 145 M777 howitzers for US$885 million.<ref>[http://www.deagel.com/news/FMS-India-Requests-Sale-of-145-M777-155mm-Light-Weight-Towed-Howitzers_n000011794.aspx FMS: India Requests Sale of 145 M777 155mm Light-Weight Towed Howitzers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814001154/http://www.deagel.com/news/FMS-India-Requests-Sale-of-145-M777-155mm-Light-Weight-Towed-Howitzers_n000011794.aspx |date=14 August 2013 }} - Deagel.com, 7 August 2013</ref> On 24 February 2014 the purchase was again postponed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140224/DEFREG03/302240025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140224210228/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140224/DEFREG03/302240025 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 24, 2014 |title=India Postpones Purchase of 145 Ultra Light Howitzers |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Vivek |date=24 February 2014 |website=defensenews.com |publisher=Gannett Government Media |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> On 11 May 2014 the purchase was cleared by India's Ministry of Defence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-buys-new-artillery-guns-27-years-after-bofors-209582 |title=India buys new artillery guns, 27 years after Bofors |date=11 May 2014 |access-date=26 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017144906/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-buys-new-artillery-guns-27-years-after-bofors-209582 |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 July 2014, the Government of India announced that it would not order the guns because of cost issues.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/40766/indian-mod-says-m777-buy-in-doubt-over-high-cost-offset-requirements |title=Indian MoD says M777 buy in doubt over high cost, offset requirements |date=13 July 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015225942/http://www.janes.com/article/40766/indian-mod-says-m777-buy-in-doubt-over-high-cost-offset-requirements |archive-date=15 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 22 November 2014, the selection process was restarted under the "[[Make In India]]" program.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Three-decades-on-defence-minister-clears-Rs-15750-crore-howitzer-projects/articleshow/45245771.cms |title=Three decades on, defence minister clears Rs 15,750 crore howitzer projects |last1=Pandit |first1=Rajat |date=23 November 2014 |work=The Times of India|publisher=TNN |access-date=22 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126090010/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Three-decades-on-defence-minister-clears-Rs-15750-crore-howitzer-projects/articleshow/45245771.cms |archive-date=26 November 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 13 May 2015, the Ministry of Defence approved ₹29 billion (₹2,900 crore) to buy 145 M777 ultralight howitzers from the US.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.aspx?id=ly/B44LoBP4= |title=New Aircraft Carrier, Brahmos Missiles, C-295 Planes & M-777 Howitzers all cleared for Purchase |last1=Govindan |first1=Adarsh |date=14 May 2015 |website=defencenews.in |publisher=TNN |access-date=13 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519033229/http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.aspx?id=ly%2FB44LoBP4%3D |archive-date=19 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 15 December 2015, the Indian Ministry of Defence said it was keen on placing a follow-up order of 500 more M777 guns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ministry-keen-to-purchase-500-more-howitzer-guns-from-bae-systems/article7987937.ece|title=Ministry keen to purchase 500 more Howitzer guns from BAE Systems|first=Nayanima|last=Basu|date=14 December 2015|website=The Hindu Businessline|access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref>

On 26 June 2016, it was announced that 145 guns will be purchased by India for US$750 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-clears-purchase-of-145-ultra-light-howitzer-guns-from-us/1/700866.html|title=India clears purchase of 145 ultra-light Howitzer guns from US|work=India Today|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511044221/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-clears-purchase-of-145-ultra-light-howitzer-guns-from-us/1/700866.html|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 November 2016 Indian government completed the deal to buy 145 howitzers from the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssbinterviewtips.in/m777-howitzer-deal-inked-by-the-indian-government/637 |title=M777 howitzer deal inked by the Indian government |date=30 November 2016 |access-date=30 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201021609/http://www.ssbinterviewtips.in/m777-howitzer-deal-inked-by-the-indian-government/637 |archive-date=1 December 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The deal was completed in December 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lal|first1=Neeta|title=India Gets its Guns – 30 years late|url=http://www.asiasentinel.com/econ-business/india-guns-30-years-late/|access-date=21 December 2016|work=Asia Sentinel|date=19 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220220256/http://www.asiasentinel.com/econ-business/india-guns-30-years-late/|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Under the agreement, BAE Systems supplied 25 ready-built howitzers, while 120 guns were manufactured in India by Mahindra Defence Systems Limited.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Army's M777 regiment to get 3 made-in-India guns |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/m777-regiment-to-get-3-made-in-india-guns/story-xhNr4drnZCckqN3qErlfyK.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=13 November 2019 |language=en |date=13 November 2019}}</ref>

The Indian Army received its first shipment comprising two howitzers on 18 May 2017 in New Delhi from United States in ready to use condition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/army-gets-its-first-artillery-guns-three-decades-after-bofors-will-be-tested-at-pokhran-4661306/|title=Army gets its first artillery guns three decades after Bofors, will be tested at Pokhran today|date=18 May 2017|work=indianexpress|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602130427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/army-gets-its-first-artillery-guns-three-decades-after-bofors-will-be-tested-at-pokhran-4661306/|archive-date=2 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-gets-two-us-made-m777-ultra-light-howitzers/article18482205.ece|title=Two M777 Ultra-Light Howitzers arrive from U.S.|first=Dinakar|last=Peri|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518103659/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-gets-two-us-made-m777-ultra-light-howitzers/article18482205.ece|archive-date=18 May 2017|url-status=live|date=18 May 2017}}</ref> It was reported that on 2 September 2017, the barrel of one of the howitzers was damaged while firing during calibration trials.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/army-s-new-us-made-m777-howitzer-in-trouble-barrel-explodes-at-pokhran-range/story-FBr9a2voeSWrumBhZisFcO.html |title=Army's new US-made M777 howitzer in trouble, barrel explodes at Pokhran range |access-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912164656/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/army-s-new-us-made-m777-howitzer-in-trouble-barrel-explodes-at-pokhran-range/story-FBr9a2voeSWrumBhZisFcO.html |archive-date=12 September 2017 |url-status=live |date=12 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/sep/12/barrel-of-us-manufactured-howitzer-gun-explodes-during-indian-armys-calibration-trial-1656186.html |title=Barrel of US-manufactured Howitzer gun explodes during Indian army's calibration trial |access-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912174258/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/sep/12/barrel-of-us-manufactured-howitzer-gun-explodes-during-indian-armys-calibration-trial-1656186.html |archive-date=12 September 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Indian army used the M777 howitzer in the Himvijay exercise in Arunachal Pradesh which involved the newly raised integrated battle groups.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-plans-to-deploy-m777s-near-lac-in-arunachal-pradesh/articleshow/71472459.cms|title=India China: India to deploy latest American weapon systems for Ex-HimVijay along China border - The Economic Times|website=Economic Times|author=S.K. Gurung|date=7 October 2019|access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref>

A total of 7 artillery regiments are planned, each of 18 guns. The first regiment is planned to be raised by end-2020 with 15 guns supplied by BAE systems and three guns supplied by Mahindra Defense Systems Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/m777-regiment-to-get-3-made-in-india-guns/story-xhNr4drnZCckqN3qErlfyK.html|title=Indian Army's M777 regiment to get 3 made-in-India guns - The Economic Times|website=Economic Times|access-date=2019-11-13|date=13 November 2019}}</ref>

In July 2020, in the wake of escalating tension with China in light of hostile Chinese posturing, particularly on the border between the Union Territory of Ladakh and Chinese-occupied Tibet, further purchases of Excalibur shells were announced by the Indian Ministry of Defence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/07/border-clashes-prompt-india-to-fast-track-weapons-buys/|title = Border clashes prompt India to fast-track weapons buys|date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{Military of India}}
{{India-mil-stub}}
{{artillery-stub}}

[[Category:Military of India]]
[[Category:Artillery of India]]