Ficus benghalensis - Revision history

Rspalmora: minor update

2025-11-14T15:36:52Z

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			{{Biology-stub}}

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	[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]		[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-06-28T06:17:14Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{taxobox
+{{short description|Species of fig tree}}
 |name = Banyan
 |image = Great banyan tree kol.jpg
@@ Line 5: / Line 6: @@
 |image2= Banyan fruit Ficusbenghalensis IGZoopark Visakhapatnam.JPG
 |image2_caption = Banyan figs at [[Indira Gandhi Zoological Park|Indira Gandhi Zoo Park]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
-|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
+|genus = Ficus
-|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
+|parent = Ficus subg. Urostigma
-|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
+|species = benghalensis
-|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
+|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] 1753
 |synonyms = *''Ficus banyana'' <small>Oken </small>
 *''Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae'' <small>(C. D. C.) Corner</small>
@@ Line 38: / Line 32: @@
 *''Urostigma tjiela'' <small>Miq.</small><ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2809652 ''The Plant List'', ''Ficus benghalensis'' Linnaeus].</ref>
 }}
-==References==
+'''''Ficus benghalensis''''', commonly known as the '''banyan''', '''banyan fig''' and '''Indian banyan''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN | name = ''Ficus benghalensis'' L. | id = 16783 | access-date = 8 May 2016 }}</ref> is a tree native to the [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Specimens in India are among the largest trees in the world by canopy coverage. It also known as the "[[strangler fig]]" because it starts out as [[epiphyte]], that is, leaning on another tree that it ends up suffocating.
-{{reflist}}
-==Other websites==
+[[Nearchus]], an admiral of [[Alexander the Great]], described a large specimen on the banks of the [[Narmada River]] in contemporary [[Bharuch]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]; he may have described the specimen presently named "[[Kabirvad]]". The canopy of the specimen which [[Nearchus]] described was so extensive that it sheltered 7,000 men. James Forbes later described it in his ''Oriental Memoirs'' (1813-5) as almost {{convert|2000|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} in circumference and having more than 3,000 trunks.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Fig}}</ref> Currently the area of its canopy is {{convert|17520|sqm}} with a perimeter of {{convert|641|m}}.<ref name=Bar-Ness/>
-[[Category:Plants of Asia]]
+==Gallery==
-[[Category:National symbols of India]]
+{{gallery
-[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]
+|Fruits of Indian banyan Suhrawardi Udyan Dhaka .jpg|Ripe fruits of Indian banyan. [[Suhrawardy Udyan]] , [[Dhaka]]
-{{biology-stub}}
+==External links==
-{{simple-Wikipedia}}
+[[Category:Ficus|benghalensis]]

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	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	~~{{Source\|Wiki\|S}}~~
	==Other websites==		==Other websites==
	{{Commons category\|Ficus benghalensis}}		{{Commons category\|Ficus benghalensis}}
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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:26, 23 April 2021
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	*''Urostigma tjiela'' <small>Miq.</small><ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2809652 ''The Plant List'', ''Ficus benghalensis'' Linnaeus].</ref>		*''Urostigma tjiela'' <small>Miq.</small><ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2809652 ''The Plant List'', ''Ficus benghalensis'' Linnaeus].</ref>
	}}		}}
	'''''Ficus benghalensis''''', commonly known as the '''banyan''', '''banyan fig''' and '''Indian banyan''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN \| name = ''Ficus benghalensis'' L. \| id = 16783 \| accessdate = 8 May 2016 }}</ref> is a tree that grows in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. Some Indian banyan trees are among the largest trees in the world. It is recognized as the [[National trees]] of both the countries of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is the largest canopy-holder tree of the world. It can spread up to 2000 feet of land. It is said by its scientific name that, this mammoth tree is native and endemic to the Great Bengal Region (both [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]] of India). In Buddhism the banyan’s habit of supplanting its host tree is likened to the manner in which humans are overcome by sensual desire. Interestingly, the name ‘banyan’ came about when early Portuguese travellers to India noted that traders, or banias, set up shop in the shade of these enormous trees. Eventually the Gujarati word for ‘merchant’ became the name of the tree itself. When traveling in the fascinating country of [[Bangladesh]], be sure to take note of the most unusual banyan tree.<ref name="GRIN"~~>{{GRIN \| name = ''Ficus benghalensis'' L. \| id = 16783 \| accessdate = 8 May 2016 }}<~~/~~ref~~>		'''''Ficus benghalensis''''', commonly known as the '''banyan''', '''banyan fig''' and '''Indian banyan''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN \| name = ''Ficus benghalensis'' L. \| id = 16783 \| accessdate = 8 May 2016 }}</ref> is a tree that grows in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. Some Indian banyan trees are among the largest trees in the world. It is recognized as the [[National trees]] of both the countries of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is the largest canopy-holder tree of the world. It can spread up to 2000 feet of land. It is said by its scientific name that, this mammoth tree is native and endemic to the Great Bengal Region (both [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]] of India). In Buddhism the banyan’s habit of supplanting its host tree is likened to the manner in which humans are overcome by sensual desire. Interestingly, the name ‘banyan’ came about when early Portuguese travellers to India noted that traders, or banias, set up shop in the shade of these enormous trees. Eventually the Gujarati word for ‘merchant’ became the name of the tree itself. When traveling in the fascinating country of [[Bangladesh]], be sure to take note of the most unusual banyan tree.<ref name="GRIN"/>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

			{{Source\|Wiki\|S}}
	==Other websites==		==Other websites==
	{{Commons category\|Ficus benghalensis}}		{{Commons category\|Ficus benghalensis}}

WikiDwarf: 1 revision imported

2021-04-22T18:51:22Z

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Species of fig tree}}
+{{taxobox
 |name = Banyan
 |image = Great banyan tree kol.jpg
@@ Line 6: / Line 5: @@
 |image2= Banyan fruit Ficusbenghalensis IGZoopark Visakhapatnam.JPG
 |image2_caption = Banyan figs at [[Indira Gandhi Zoological Park|Indira Gandhi Zoo Park]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
-|genus = Ficus
+|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
-|parent = Ficus subg. Urostigma
+|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
-|species = benghalensis
+|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
-|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] 1753
+|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
 |synonyms = *''Ficus banyana'' <small>Oken </small>
 *''Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae'' <small>(C. D. C.) Corner</small>
@@ Line 32: / Line 38: @@
 *''Urostigma tjiela'' <small>Miq.</small><ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2809652 ''The Plant List'', ''Ficus benghalensis'' Linnaeus].</ref>
 }}
-'''''Ficus benghalensis''''', commonly known as the '''banyan''', '''banyan fig''' and '''Indian banyan''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN | name = ''Ficus benghalensis'' L. | id = 16783 | access-date = 8 May 2016 }}</ref> is a tree native to the [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Specimens in India are among the largest trees in the world by canopy coverage.
+==References==
-==Ecology==
+==Other websites==
-[[File:Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften - Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe (1858) (20665373299), Ficus benghalensis.jpg|150px|thumb|left|[[Nature printing|Nature printed]] leaves, showing shape and venation]]
+{{Commons category|Ficus benghalensis}}
-''Ficus benghalensis'' produces propagating roots which grow downwards as [[aerial root]]s. Once these roots reach the ground they grow into woody trunks.
+{{Wikispecies|Ficus benghalensis}}
-==Cultural significance==
+[[Category:Plants of Asia]]
-''Ficus benghalensis'' is the [[national tree]] of India.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Tree|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|access-date=2019-04-26}}</ref>
+[[Category:National symbols of India]]
+[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]
-==External links==
+{{biology-stub}}

>Plantdrew: switch taxobox to speciesbox

2021-03-14T05:35:12Z

switch taxobox to speciesbox

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 14 March 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{~~taxobox~~		{{short description\|Species of fig tree}}
			{{Speciesbox
	\|name = Banyan		\|name = Banyan
	\|image = Great banyan tree kol.jpg		\|image = Great banyan tree kol.jpg
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	\|image2= Banyan fruit Ficusbenghalensis IGZoopark Visakhapatnam.JPG		\|image2= Banyan fruit Ficusbenghalensis IGZoopark Visakhapatnam.JPG
	\|image2_caption = Banyan figs at [[Indira Gandhi Zoological Park\|Indira Gandhi Zoo Park]], [[Visakhapatnam]]		\|image2_caption = Banyan figs at [[Indira Gandhi Zoological Park\|Indira Gandhi Zoo Park]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
	~~\|regnum = [[Plant]]ae~~		\|genus = Ficus
	~~\|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]~~		\|parent = Ficus subg. Urostigma
	~~\|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]~~		\|species = benghalensis
	~~\|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]~~		\|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus\|L.]] 1753
	~~\|ordo = [[Rosales]]~~
	~~\|familia = [[Moraceae]]~~
	\|genus = ~~''[[~~Ficus~~]]''~~
	\|~~subgenus~~ = ''Urostigma''
	\|species = ~~'''''Ficus benghalensis'''''~~
	~~\|binomial = ''Ficus~~ benghalensis''
	\|~~binomial_authority~~ = [[Carl Linnaeus\|L.]] 1753
	\|synonyms = *''Ficus banyana'' <small>Oken </small>		\|synonyms = *''Ficus banyana'' <small>Oken </small>
	*''Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae'' <small>(C. D. C.) Corner</small>		*''Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae'' <small>(C. D. C.) Corner</small>
Line 38:		Line 32:
	*''Urostigma tjiela'' <small>Miq.</small><ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2809652 ''The Plant List'', ''Ficus benghalensis'' Linnaeus].</ref>		*''Urostigma tjiela'' <small>Miq.</small><ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2809652 ''The Plant List'', ''Ficus benghalensis'' Linnaeus].</ref>
	}}		}}
	'''''Ficus benghalensis''''', commonly known as the '''banyan''', '''banyan fig''' and '''Indian banyan''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN \| name = ''Ficus benghalensis'' L. \| id = 16783 \| ~~accessdate~~ = 8 May 2016 }}</ref> is a tree ~~that grows in~~ [[~~India]] and [[Bangladesh~~]]. ~~Some Indian banyan trees~~ are among the largest trees in the world. ~~It is recognized~~ as ~~the~~ [[~~National trees~~]] ~~of both~~ the ~~countries of~~ the [[Indian ~~subcontinent~~]]. It is the ~~largest canopy~~-~~holder~~ tree of ~~the world~~. ~~It can spread up~~ to ~~2000 feet~~ of ~~land~~. ~~It is said by its scientific name that~~, this ~~mammoth~~ tree is ~~native and endemic~~ to the ~~Great Bengal Region (both~~ [[~~Bangladesh~~]] ~~and~~ [[~~West Bengal~~]] ~~of India~~)~~. In Buddhism~~ the ~~banyan’s habit of supplanting its host~~ tree ~~is likened to~~ the ~~manner~~ in ~~which humans~~ are ~~overcome by sensual desire. Interestingly,~~ the ~~name ‘banyan’ came about when early Portuguese travellers to India noted that traders, or banias, set up shop~~ in the ~~shade~~ of ~~these enormous~~ trees~~. Eventually the Gujarati word for ‘merchant’ became the name~~ of ~~the~~ tree ~~itself. When traveling~~ in the ~~fascinating country~~ of [[~~Bangladesh~~]], ~~be sure to take note~~ of the ~~most unusual banyan tree~~.<ref name=~~"GRIN"~~>{{~~GRIN~~ \| ~~name~~ = ''~~Ficus benghalensis~~'' L. \| id = ~~16783~~ \| ~~accessdate~~ = ~~8 May 2016~~ }}</ref>
			'''''Ficus benghalensis''''', commonly known as the '''banyan''', '''banyan fig''' and '''Indian banyan''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN \| name = ''Ficus benghalensis'' L. \| id = 16783 \| access-date = 8 May 2016 }}</ref> is a tree native to the [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Specimens in India are among the largest trees in the world by canopy coverage.

			==Ecology==
			[[File:Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften - Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe (1858) (20665373299), Ficus benghalensis.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|left\|[[Nature printing\|Nature printed]] leaves, showing shape and venation]]
			''Ficus benghalensis'' produces propagating roots which grow downwards as [[aerial root]]s. Once these roots reach the ground they grow into woody trunks.

			The figs produced by the tree are eaten by birds such as the [[Indian myna]]. Fig seeds that pass through the digestive system of birds are more likely to germinate and sprout earlier.<ref>Midya, S.; Brahmachary, R. L. (1991) "The Effect of Birds Upon Germination of Banyan (''Ficus bengalensis'') Seeds". ''Journal of Tropical Ecology''. 7(4):537-538.</ref>

			==Cultural significance==
			''Ficus benghalensis'' is the [[national tree]] of India.<ref>{{cite web\|title=National Tree\|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5\|publisher=Govt. of India Official website\|access-date=2019-04-26}}</ref>

			[[Image:Sarkaradevi Temple Ficus Tree.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Ficus tree in front of [[Sarkaradevi Temple]], [[Chirayinkeezhu]], Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]]
			The tree is considered sacred in India,<ref>{{cite book\|title=Plants of Life, Plants of Death\|author=Simoons, F.J.\|isbn=9780299159047\|year=1998\|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press}}</ref> and temples are often built nearby. Due to the large size of the tree's canopy, it provides useful shade in hot climates.

			In [[Theravada Buddhism]], this tree is said to have been used as the tree for achieved enlightenment, or Bodhi by the twenty fourth [[Buddha]] called "[[Kassapa Buddha\|Kassapa - කස්සප]]". The sacred plant is known as "Nuga - නුග" or "Maha nuga - මහ නුග" in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.plantsmap.com/organizations/25177/plants/54264\|title=Ficus benghalensis (Banyan Tree) - Zone J\|date=2018-05-01\|author=Bali Hai\|publisher=Plants Map\|access-date=2019-04-26}}</ref>

			It is the tree under which Lord Adhinath the first Jain Tirthankara attained Kewal Gyan or spiritual enlightenment.

			==Notable specimens==
			{{For\|a more complete list\|List of Banyan trees in India}}
			The giant banyans of [[India]] are the largest trees in the world by area of canopy coverage. Notable trees include:
			*[[Thimmamma Marrimanu]]
			*[[Kabirvad]]
			*[[The Great Banyan]]

			The largest, known specimen of tree in the world in terms of the two dimensional area covered by its canopy is [[Thimmamma Marrimanu]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]], which covers {{convert\|19107\|sqm}}. This tree is also the largest, known specimen of tree in the world in terms of the length of its perimeter, which measures {{convert\|846\|m}}.<ref name=Bar-Ness>{{cite journal\|author=Bar-Ness, YD\|title=The World's Largest Trees? Cataloguing India's Giant Banyans\|url=https://www.outreachecology.com/portfolio/The%20Worlds%20Largest%20Trees%20Cataloguing%20Indias%20Giant%20Banyans-by%20YD%20Bar-Ness-Outreach%20Ecology%20Report-Jun10.pdf\|date=June 2010\|publisher=Outreach Ecology}}</ref>

			[[Nearchus]], an admiral of [[Alexander the Great]], described a large specimen on the banks of the [[Narmada River]] in contemporary [[Bharuch]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]; he may have described the specimen presently named "[[Kabirvad]]". The canopy of the specimen which [[Nearchus]] described was so extensive that it sheltered 7,000 men. James Forbes later described it in his ''Oriental Memoirs'' (1813-5) as almost {{convert\|2000\|ft\|abbr=on\|order=flip}} in circumference and having more than 3,000 trunks.<ref>{{Cite EB1911\|wstitle=Fig}}</ref> Currently the area of its canopy is {{convert\|17520\|sqm}} with a perimeter of {{convert\|641\|m}}.<ref name=Bar-Ness/>

			Other notable [[India]]n specimens include [[The Great Banyan]] in the [[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden\|Jagadish Chandra Bose Botanic Garden]] in [[Shibpur]], [[Howrah]], which has a canopy area of {{convert\|18918\|sqm}} and is about 250 years old, and [[Dodda Aladha Mara]] in Kettohalli, [[Karnataka]], which has a canopy area of {{convert\|12000\|sqm}} and is about 400 years old.

			==Gallery==
			[[File:Fruits of Indian banyan Suhrawardi Udyan Dhaka .jpg\|thumb\|Ripe fruits of Indian banyan. [[Suhrawardy Udyan]] , [[Dhaka]]]]
			[[File:Banyantree.jpg\|thumb\|In front of the [[Edison and Ford Winter Estates\|Edison museum]] in [[Fort Myers, Florida\|Fort Myers]], [[Florida]], US]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}

	==~~Other websites~~==		==External links==
	{{Commons category~~\|Ficus benghalensis~~}}		*{{Commons category-inline}}
	{{Wikispecies\|Ficus benghalensis}}		*{{Wikispecies-inline}}
			*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropFactSheets/ficus.html Bar or Bargad ''Ficus benghalensis'' L.], Horticulture, Purdue University
			*[http://www.himalaya-foto.ru/himalayas-banyan-nepal.htm ''Ficus benghalensis'' in Himalayas, Nepal.] Himalayas (Himalaya): photos, images, pictures
			*http://www.phytopharmajournal.com/V1issue2.6.pdf
			*http://rjpponline.org/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research%20Journal%20of%20Pharmacognosy%20and%20Phytochemistry;PID=2014-6-3-9

			{{Symbols of India}}
			{{Taxonbar\|from=Q1405636}}

	[[Category:~~Plants of Asia~~]]		[[Category:Ficus\|benghalensis]]
	[[Category:National symbols of India]]		[[Category:National symbols of India]]
	[[Category:~~National symbols~~ of ~~Bangladesh~~]]		[[Category:Symbols of Madhya Pradesh]]
			[[Category:Trees in Buddhism]]
			[[Category:Sacred trees in Hinduism]]
	~~{{biology-stub}}~~		[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
			[[Category:Flora of the Indian subcontinent]]
			[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

>Ferien: WPCleaner v2.04 - Fixing error 61 / Fixed using Wikipedia:WikiProject Check Wikipedia (Reference before punctuation)

2021-03-06T09:08:29Z

WPCleaner v2.04 - Fixing error 61 / Fixed using Wikipedia:WikiProject Check Wikipedia (Reference before punctuation)

New page

{{taxobox
|name = Banyan
|image = Great banyan tree kol.jpg
|image_caption = [[The Great Banyan]] in [[Howrah]], [[Kolkata]]
|image2= Banyan fruit Ficusbenghalensis IGZoopark Visakhapatnam.JPG
|image2_caption = Banyan figs at [[Indira Gandhi Zoological Park|Indira Gandhi Zoo Park]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Rosales]]
|familia = [[Moraceae]]
|genus = ''[[Ficus]]''
|subgenus = ''Urostigma''
|species = '''''Ficus benghalensis'''''
|binomial = ''Ficus benghalensis''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] 1753
|synonyms = *''Ficus banyana'' Oken 
*''Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae'' (C. D. C.) Corner
*''Ficus chauvieri'' G. Nicholson
*''Ficus cotoneifolia'' Vahl
*''Ficus cotonifolia'' Stokes
*''Ficus crassinervia'' Kunth & C. D. Bouché
*''Ficus karet'' Baill.
*''Ficus krishnae'' C. D. C.
*''Ficus lancifolia'' Moench
*''Ficus lasiophylla'' Link
*''Ficus procera'' Salisb.
*''Ficus pubescens'' B. Heyne ex Roth
*''Ficus umbrosa'' Salisb.
*''Perula benghalensis'' Raf.
*''Urostigma benghalense'' (L.) Gasp.
*''Urostigma crassirameum'' Miq.
*''Urostigma procerum'' Miq.
*''Urostigma pseudorubrum'' Miq.
*''Urostigma rubescens'' Miq.
*''Urostigma sundaicum'' Miq.
*''Urostigma tjiela'' Miq.<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2809652 ''The Plant List'', ''Ficus benghalensis'' Linnaeus].</ref>
}}
'''''Ficus benghalensis''''', commonly known as the '''banyan''', '''banyan fig''' and '''Indian banyan''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN | name = ''Ficus benghalensis'' L. | id = 16783 | accessdate = 8 May 2016 }}</ref> is a tree that grows in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. Some Indian banyan trees are among the largest trees in the world. It is recognized as the [[National trees]] of both the countries of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is the largest canopy-holder tree of the world. It can spread up to 2000 feet of land. It is said by its scientific name that, this mammoth tree is native and endemic to the Great Bengal Region (both [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]] of India). In Buddhism the banyan’s habit of supplanting its host tree is likened to the manner in which humans are overcome by sensual desire. Interestingly, the name ‘banyan’ came about when early Portuguese travellers to India noted that traders, or banias, set up shop in the shade of these enormous trees. Eventually the Gujarati word for ‘merchant’ became the name of the tree itself. When traveling in the fascinating country of [[Bangladesh]], be sure to take note of the most unusual banyan tree.<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | name = ''Ficus benghalensis'' L. | id = 16783 | accessdate = 8 May 2016 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Other websites==
{{Commons category|Ficus benghalensis}}
{{Wikispecies|Ficus benghalensis}}

[[Category:Plants of Asia]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]
[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]

{{biology-stub}}