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← Older revision		Revision as of 01:01, 8 September 2021
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	\| title= District Census Handbook – Wayanad (Part-B) 2011 \| publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala		\| title= District Census Handbook – Wayanad (Part-B) 2011 \| publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala
	\| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3203_PART_B_WAYANAD.pdf		\| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3203_PART_B_WAYANAD.pdf
	}}</ref> It is said that Nannan, the most renowned ruler of [[Ezhimala]] dynasty, took refuge at [[Wayanad]] hills in 5th century CE when he was lost to [[Chera dynasty\|Cheras]], just before his execution in a battle, according to the [[Sangam literature\|Sangam works]].<ref name="wnd"/> Ezhimala kingdom was succeeded by [[Mushika dynasty]] in the early ~~medival~~ period, most possibly due to the migration of [[Tuluva Brahmin]]s from [[Tulu Nadu]]. An [[Old Malayalam]] inscription ([[Ramanthali inscriptions]]), dated to 1075 CE, mentioning king Kunda Alupa, the ruler of [[Alupa dynasty]] of [[Mangalore]], can be found at Ezhimala.<ref>Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 483.</ref> The Indian anthropologist [[A. Aiyappan\|Ayinapalli Aiyappan]] states that a powerful and warlike clan of the [[Bunt (community)\|Bunt community]] of [[Tulu Nadu]] was called ''Kola Bari'' and the Kolathiri Raja of Kolathunadu was a descendant of this clan.<ref name="Aiyappan">{{cite book \|last1=Ayinapalli \|first1=Aiyappan \|title=The Personality of Kerala \|date=1982 \|publisher=Department of Publications, [[University of Kerala]] \|page=162 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXFuAAAAMAAJ \|access-date=27 July 2018 \|quote=A very powerful and warlike section of the Bants of Tulunad was known as Kola bari. It is reasonable to suggest that the Kola dynasty was part of the Kola lineages of Tulunad.}}</ref> The [[Arabic]] inscription on a copper slab within the [[Madayi Palli\|Madayi Mosque]], which lies about 3 km away from Ezhimala, records its foundation year as 1124 CE.<ref name="Madayi">{{cite book		}}</ref> It is said that Nannan, the most renowned ruler of [[Ezhimala]] dynasty, took refuge at [[Wayanad]] hills in 5th century CE when he was lost to [[Chera dynasty\|Cheras]], just before his execution in a battle, according to the [[Sangam literature\|Sangam works]].<ref name="wnd"/> Ezhimala kingdom was succeeded by [[Mushika dynasty]] in the early medieval period, most possibly due to the migration of [[Tuluva Brahmin]]s from [[Tulu Nadu]]. An [[Old Malayalam]] inscription ([[Ramanthali inscriptions]]), dated to 1075 CE, mentioning king Kunda Alupa, the ruler of [[Alupa dynasty]] of [[Mangalore]], can be found at Ezhimala.<ref>Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 483.</ref> The Indian anthropologist [[A. Aiyappan\|Ayinapalli Aiyappan]] states that a powerful and warlike clan of the [[Bunt (community)\|Bunt community]] of [[Tulu Nadu]] was called ''Kola Bari'' and the Kolathiri Raja of Kolathunadu was a descendant of this clan.<ref name="Aiyappan">{{cite book \|last1=Ayinapalli \|first1=Aiyappan \|title=The Personality of Kerala \|date=1982 \|publisher=Department of Publications, [[University of Kerala]] \|page=162 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXFuAAAAMAAJ \|access-date=27 July 2018 \|quote=A very powerful and warlike section of the Bants of Tulunad was known as Kola bari. It is reasonable to suggest that the Kola dynasty was part of the Kola lineages of Tulunad.}}</ref> The [[Arabic]] inscription on a copper slab within the [[Madayi Palli\|Madayi Mosque]], which lies about 3 km away from Ezhimala, records its foundation year as 1124 CE.<ref name="Madayi">{{cite book
	\| author = Charles Alexander Innes \| year=1908		\| author = Charles Alexander Innes \| year=1908
	\| title= Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I) \| publisher=Madras Government Press \|page=423-424		\| title= Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I) \| publisher=Madras Government Press \|page=423-424

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{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Ezhimala
| photo = Ezhimala beach.JPG
| photo_caption = Ezhimala
| elevation_m = 286
| elevation_ref =
| location = [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| range = Independent, adjacent to the [[Arabian Sea]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12|01|06|N|75|12|57|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline}}
| map = Kerala
| map_caption = Location of Ezhimala
| country = [[India]]
| topo =
| type =
| age =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}
[[File:AK Antony reviewing the Parade at INA accompanied by Vice Admiral Pradeep Chauhan.jpg|thumb|Naval Academy, Ezhimala]]

'''Ezhimala''', a hill reaching a height of 286 metres, is located near [[Payyanur]], in [[Kannur District|Kannur district]] of [[Kerala]], south [[India]]. It is a part of a conspicuous and isolated cluster of hills, forming a [[promontory]], 38 km north of [[Kannur]] (Cannanore). The [[Indian Naval Academy]] at Ezhimala is the Asia's largest, and the world's third-largest, naval academy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Navy-Training Academy-proposed Expansion |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/627521/navy-training-academy-proposed-expansion.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=11 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's largest naval academy opened |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/319812 |work=Arab News |date=10 January 2009 |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/IndianNavy/videos/390383354649864/</ref>

As the former capital of the ancient [[Kolathunadu]] Kingdom of the [[Mushikas]], Ezhimala is considered to be an important historical site. A flourishing seaport and center of trade around the beginning of the [[Common Era]], it was also one of the major battlefields of the [[Chola Dynasty|Chola]]-[[Chera dynasty|Chera]] Wars, in the 11th century. It is believed by some that [[Buddha]] had visited Ezhimala. The Kolathunadu ([[Kannur]]) Kingdom at the peak of its power, reportedly extended from [[Netravati River]] ([[Mangalore]]) in the north to [[Korapuzha]] ([[Kozhikode]]) in the south with [[Arabian Sea]] on the west and [[Kodagu]] hills on the eastern boundary, also including the isolated islands of [[Lakshadweep]] in the [[Arabian Sea]].<ref name="Kola Swaroopam"/>

==Etymology==
The hills is also known as Elimala, Mooshika Sailam and Sapta Sailam. The hill had been named Monte d'Eli by the Portuguese.<ref>
{{cite book
| author = Edgar Thurston
| year = 1913
| title = The Madras Presidency
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| url = https://archive.org/stream/provincialgeogra03holluoft#page/167/mode/1up/search/Delly
| page = 167 }}</ref> and was known as Mount Delly, Mount Dilly, Delyn,<ref>[https://books.google.com.my/books?id=U0SjSPhGSHsC&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182&dq=Delyn+Malabar&source=bl&ots=6QMUXlf-H2&sig=ACfU3U0pOMAIN1JFtWPmnRVdbGZOMvoDFw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHofjWj9HyAhXRyjgGHTWiAucQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Delyn%20Malabar&f=false A Relation of Some Yeares Travaile, Begunne Anno 1626. Into Afrique and the Greater Asia.], by Thomas Herbert</ref> or Mount Eli to the British.

[[File:Boat jetty of Kavvayi.jpg|thumbnail|Backwaters in Ezhimala]]

==History==
The ancient port of ''Naura'', which is mentioned in the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' as a port somewhere north of [[Muziris]] is somewhere near Ezhimala.<ref name="Ente_Kannur">{{cite book|author=Menon, A. Sreedhara |title=A Survey of Kerala History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C|year=2007|publisher=DC Books|isbn=9788126415786}}</ref>
[[File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|thumbnail|Names, routes and locations of the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' (1st century CE)]]
[[Pliny the Elder]] (1st century CE) states that the port of ''[[Tyndis]]'' was located at the northwestern border of ''Keprobotos'' ([[Chera dynasty]]).<ref name=":2">Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. ''Journal of Roman Archaeology,'' ''14'', 334-350.</ref> The [[North Malabar]] region, which lies north of the port at ''[[Tyndis]]'', was ruled by the kingdom of [[Ezhimala]] during [[Sangam period]].<ref name="odra">A. Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History</ref> According to the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'', a region known as ''[[Limyrike]]'' began at ''[[Kannur|Naura]]'' and ''[[Tyndis]]''. However the [[Ptolemy]] mentions only ''[[Tyndis]]'' as the ''[[Limyrike]]'''s starting point. The region probably ended at [[Kanyakumari]]; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day [[Malabar Coast]]. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 [[sesterces]].<ref>According to [[Pliny the Elder]], goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106031753/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/P/Plinyelder/elder/pliny-india.html]</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] mentioned that ''[[Limyrike]]'' was prone by pirates.<ref>Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis. </ref> The [[Cosmas Indicopleustes]] mentioned that the ''[[Limyrike]]'' was a source of peppers.<ref>Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373. </ref><ref>Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301. </ref>

Ezhimala kingdom based at Ezhimala had jurisdiction over two ''Nadu''s - The coastal ''Poozhinadu'' and the hilly eastern ''Karkanadu''. According to the works of [[Sangam literature]], ''Poozhinadu'' consisted much of the coastal belt between [[Mangalore]] and [[Kozhikode]].<ref name="Census_Handbook">{{Cite book|title=District Census Handbook, Kasaragod (2011)|publisher=Directorate of Census Operation, Kerala|location=Thiruvananthapuram|pages=9|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3201_PART_B_KASARAGOD.pdf}}</ref> ''Karkanadu'' consisted of [[Wayanad]]-[[Gudalur, Nilgiris|Gudalur]] hilly region with parts of [[Kodagu]] (Coorg).<ref name="wnd">{{cite book
| author = Government of India | year=2014–15
| title= District Census Handbook – Wayanad (Part-B) 2011 | publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala
| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3203_PART_B_WAYANAD.pdf
}}</ref> It is said that Nannan, the most renowned ruler of [[Ezhimala]] dynasty, took refuge at [[Wayanad]] hills in 5th century CE when he was lost to [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]], just before his execution in a battle, according to the [[Sangam literature|Sangam works]].<ref name="wnd"/> Ezhimala kingdom was succeeded by [[Mushika dynasty]] in the early medival period, most possibly due to the migration of [[Tuluva Brahmin]]s from [[Tulu Nadu]]. An [[Old Malayalam]] inscription ([[Ramanthali inscriptions]]), dated to 1075 CE, mentioning king Kunda Alupa, the ruler of [[Alupa dynasty]] of [[Mangalore]], can be found at Ezhimala.<ref>Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 483.</ref> The Indian anthropologist [[A. Aiyappan|Ayinapalli Aiyappan]] states that a powerful and warlike clan of the [[Bunt (community)|Bunt community]] of [[Tulu Nadu]] was called ''Kola Bari'' and the Kolathiri Raja of Kolathunadu was a descendant of this clan.<ref name="Aiyappan">{{cite book |last1=Ayinapalli |first1=Aiyappan |title=The Personality of Kerala |date=1982 |publisher=Department of Publications, [[University of Kerala]] |page=162 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXFuAAAAMAAJ |access-date=27 July 2018 |quote=A very powerful and warlike section of the Bants of Tulunad was known as Kola bari. It is reasonable to suggest that the Kola dynasty was part of the Kola lineages of Tulunad.}}</ref> The [[Arabic]] inscription on a copper slab within the [[Madayi Palli|Madayi Mosque]], which lies about 3 km away from Ezhimala, records its foundation year as 1124 CE.<ref name="Madayi">{{cite book
| author = Charles Alexander Innes | year=1908
| title= Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press |page=423-424
| url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358941/mode/2up
}}</ref> The Kolathunadu ([[Kannur]]) Kingdom at the peak of its power, reportedly extended from [[Netravati River]] ([[Mangalore]]) in the north to [[Korapuzha]] ([[Kozhikode]]) in the south with [[Arabian Sea]] on the west and [[Kodagu]] hills on the eastern boundary, also including the isolated islands of [[Lakshadweep]] in the [[Arabian Sea]].<ref name="Kola Swaroopam">{{cite book |last1=Sreedhara Menon |first1=A. |title=''Kerala Charitram'' |year=2007 |publisher=DC Books |location=Kottayam |isbn=978-8126415885 |edition=2007 |page=175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAlXPgAACAAJ&q=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B3+%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82 |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref>

Ezhimala, which is part of [[Ramanthali]] [[panchayath]], is one of the most important places in the recorded history of [[north Malabar]]. From before the period of known history, some chapters of the ''[[Ramayana]]'' and local Hindu legends associate the Ezhimala Hills with the famous epic, in particular with [[Hanuman]].<ref name="Ramunny1993">{{cite book|author=Murkot Ramunny|title=Ezhimala: The Abode of the Naval Academy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Hue54bWk6IC&pg=PA23|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Northern Book Centre|isbn=978-81-7211-052-9|pages=23–}}</ref><ref name="(India)Kareem1976">{{cite book|author1=Kerala (India)|author2=C. K. Kareem|title=Kerala District Gazetteers: Palghat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PDJuAAAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=printed by the Superintendent of Govt. Presses}}</ref>

Ezhimala, Pazhayangadi, and several villages and towns in this region find plenty of mention in the extant Tamil [[Sangam Period]]'s literature (500 BC to 300 AD). Pazhayangadi is the present corrupted form of its ancient name of Pazhi. Pazhi is mentioned as the ancient capital of King ''Udayan Venmon Nannan'' (known as ''Nannan'' or ''Nandan'') of the [[Mushika Kingdom|Mushika]] or [[Kolathiri]] Royal Family. Though the Dynasty of ''Nannan''s was a cousin or sister dynasty of the Cheras and Pandyas and Cholas, warfare among them was nearly consistent, and the period of ''Nannan'' was no exception.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=PA26|title=Indian History|year=1988|isbn=9788184245684}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HgRuAAAAMAAJ&q="marriage+alliances"|title=Glimpses of Tamil civilization|year=1994|isbn=9788170902119}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXpuAAAAMAAJ&q=Nandini|title=History of Kerala|last1=Leela Devi|first1=R.|year=1986}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-RtAAAAMAAJ&q=Nannan|title=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|last1=Congress|first1=Indian History|year=1981}}</ref> There are texts that speak of ''Nannan'' fighting heroic battles at Pazhi against the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] Kings who invaded his kingdom ([[Kolathunadu]]). Eventually, ''Nannan'' was killed in battle by the Chera king, ''Narmudi Cheral''. Like the other kings of the then Tamilakam cultural polity, ''Narmudi Cheral'' was a great patron of scholars and poets, and he once gifted his court-poet, ''Kappiyattu Kappiyanar'' with 40 lakhs gold coins, as a token of his poetic genius.

[[North Malabar]] was a hub of [[Indian Ocean trade]] during the era. According to [[Mappila|Kerala Muslim]] tradition, Kolathunadu was home to several [[Islam in India|oldest mosques]] in [[Indian subcontinent]]. According to the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]], the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at Kodungallur with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of [[Chera dynasty]], who left from [[Dharmadom]] to [[Mecca]] and converted to [[Islam]] during the lifetime of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] (c. 570–632).<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan Goldstein |title=The Jews of China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999|isbn=9780765601049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC |page=123}}</ref><ref name="SimpsonKresse2008">{{cite book |author1=Edward Simpson|author2=Kai Kresse|title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333|access-date=24 July 2012 |year=2008|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70024-5|pages=333}}</ref><ref name="Kupferschmidt1987">{{cite book|author=Uri M. Kupferschmidt|title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458|access-date=25 July 2012|year=1987|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-07929-8|pages=458–459}}</ref><ref name="Raṇṭattāṇi2007">{{cite book|author=Husain Raṇṭattāṇi|title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179|access-date=25 July 2012|year=2007|publisher=Other Books|isbn=978-81-903887-8-8|pages=179–}}</ref> According to ''[[Qissat Shakarwati Farmad]]'', the [[Mosque|''Masjids'']] at Kodungallur, [[Kollam]], [[Madayi]], [[Barkur]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Kannur]], [[Dharmadam]], [[Koyilandy|Panthalayani]], and [[Chaliyam]], were built during the era of [[Malik Dinar]], and they are among the oldest ''Masjid''s in [[Indian Subcontinent]].<ref>Prange, Sebastian R. ''Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.'' Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.</ref> It is believed that [[Malik Dinar]] was died at [[Thalangara]] in [[Kasaragod]] town.<ref name="ch">Pg 58, Cultural heritage of [[Kerala]]: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978</ref> Most of them lies in the erstwhile region of Ezhimala kingdom. Most of them lies in [[North Malabar]] region, which was earlier under the kingdom of Ezhimala. The [[Koyilandy Jumu'ah Mosque]] contains an [[Old Malayalam]] inscription written in a mixture of ''[[Vatteluttu]]'' and [[Grantha script]]s which dates back to 10th century CE.<ref name="Okay">Aiyer, K. V. Subrahmanya (ed.), ''South Indian Inscriptions.'' VIII, no. 162, Madras: Govt of India, Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, 1932. p. 69.</ref> It is a rare surviving document recording patronage by a [[Hindu]] king (Bhaskara Ravi) to the [[Muslim]]s of Kerala.<ref name="Okay"/> The [[Arabic]] inscription on a copper slab within the [[Madayi Palli|Madayi Mosque]] in records its foundation year as 1124 CE.<ref name="K.M.">{{Cite book|title=Arab Relations with Malabar Coast from 9th to 16th centuries|last=Muhammad|first=K. M.|publisher=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|year=1999|pages=226–234}}</ref><ref name="Innes">{{cite book
| author = Charles Alexander Innes | year=1908
| title= Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press |page=423-424
| url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358941/mode/2up
}}</ref> The 16th century ''[[Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen]]'' also states about Madayi.<ref>{{cite book
| author = S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar | year=1942
| title= Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language | publisher=University of Madras
| url= https://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage
}}</ref> Madayi is located just 5 km away from Ezhimala.

Extant Tamil Sangam texts describe the glory and wealth of the ancient Pazhi in the highest terms.<ref name="google.co.in">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Hue54bWk6IC&pg=PA3|title=Ezhimala|isbn=9788172110529|last1=Ramunny|first1=Murkot|year=1993}}</ref> Sangam Era poets, as well as Classical Tamil poets of later centuries, like Paranar, speak of the wealth of Pazhi in the greatest degree. One of the Sangam pieces, ''Akam 173'' speaks of "''Nannan'''s great mountain slopes where goldfields abound, and long bamboos dried in the Sun burst and released the unfinished pearls."<ref name="google.co.in"/> Noted scholar, [[Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai]] states that "It is from Kottayam (of North Malabar) and Cannanore regions of old Ezhimalainad that innumerable Roman (gold) coins have been excavated. On one (single) occasion (gold) coins that could be carried by six porters were obtained. These coins were found to belong to the period down to 491 AD".<ref name="google.co.in"/>

Ezhimala was also a flourishing seaport and center of trade at least by the start of the [[Common Era]]; and later was also one of the major battlefields of the series of [[Chola Dynasty|Chola]]-[[Chera dynasty|Chera]] Wars in the 11th century; some believe that [[Buddha]] had visited Ezhimala.

The ''[[Mushika-vamsha]] Mahakavya'', written by [[Athula]] in the 11th century, throws light on the recorded past of the [[Mushika Kingdom|Mushika Royal Family]] up until that point.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.organiser.org/dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&page=19&pid=108|title=Ouch, Something seems wrong!!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nausena-bharti.nic.in/DownLoads/officer/JI/JI_UTO_%20EZ.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410014220/http://www.nausena-bharti.nic.in/DownLoads/officer/JI/JI_UTO_%20EZ.pdf |archive-date=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first recorded king of Mooshika Vamsham (the [[Mushika Kingdom|Mooshika Dynasty]]) was Ramaghata Mooshika and his capital most probably was ''Pazhi'' (ancient [[Pazhayangadi]]). Athulan describes the later kings of this dynasty who are now better known as the [[Kolathiris|Kolathiri Dynasty]] and [[Mannanar]].<ref>{{cite book|last=P.J Rajendran|title=Kshethravinjanakosam|year=2000|publisher= D.C.Books publishing, Google books|page=103|isbn=9788126402540}}</ref> King Ramaghata Mooshika's successors shifted their capital to Ezhimala, Valabhapattanam ([[Valapattanam]]), and eventually [[Chirakkal, Kannur|Chirakkal]], among other nearby places, over the following centuries.

==Indian Naval Academy==
The Prime Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh, inaugurated the [[Indian Naval Academy]] in Ezhimala, which is the largest in [[Asia]], on 8 January 2009. This institution trains officer candidates of the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard.<ref>http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=46464&kwd=</ref>

==Transportation==
The national highway passes through [[Perumba River|Perumba]] junction. [[Mangalore]], [[Goa]] and [[Mumbai]] can be accessed on the northern side and [[Cochin]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of [[Iritty]] connects to [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]]. The nearest railway station is [[Payyanur railway station|Payyanur]] on [[Mangalore]]-[[Palakkad]] line.
There are airports at [[Mangalore Airport|Mangalore]], [[Kannur International Airport|Kannur]] and [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut]].

==See also==
*[[Mount Formosa]]
*[[Ramanthali inscriptions]]
*[[Kannur]]
*[[Payyanur]]
*[[Mushika Kingdom]]
*[[North Malabar]]
*[[Malabar District|Malabar]]
*[[Kerala]]
*[[Kannur District]]
*[[Mangalore]]
*[[Indian Naval Academy]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Ezhimala}}

{{Kerala}}
{{Kannur district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kannur district|Ezhimala]]
[[Category:Villages near Payyanur|Ezhimala]]
[[Category:Hills of Kerala]]
[[Category:History of Kerala]]

Ezhimala (hill, Kannur) - Revision history

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