Euphaea fraseri - Revision history

Meraki03: add intro also and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

2025-10-01T19:49:40Z

add intro also and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:19, 2 October 2025
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	{{Short description\|Species of damselfly}}		{{Short description\|Species of damselfly}}
	~~{{italictitle}}~~
	{{~~Taxobox~~		{{Speciesbox
	\| name = ~~Euphaea fraseri~~		\| name = Malabar torrent dart
	\| image = Euphaea fraseri-Kadavoor-2016-07-07-001.jpg		\| image = Euphaea fraseri-Kadavoor-2016-07-07-001.jpg
	\| image_caption= Male		\| image_caption= Male
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	\| image2_caption= Female		\| image2_caption= Female
	\| status = LC \| status_system = IUCN3.1		\| status = LC \| status_system = IUCN3.1
	\| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn \|author=Kakkasery, F. \|date=2011 \|title=''Euphaea fraseri'' \|volume=2011 \|~~page~~=e.T175169A7116539 \|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T175169A7116539.en \|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>		\| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn \|author=Kakkasery, F. \|date=2011 \|title=''Euphaea fraseri'' \|volume=2011 \|article-number=e.T175169A7116539 \|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T175169A7116539.en \|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
	\| ~~regnum = [[Animal]]ia~~		\| taxon = Euphaea fraseri
	~~\| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a~~		\| authority = (Laidlaw,1920)
	~~\| classis = [[Insect]]a~~		\| synonyms ={{Specieslist
	~~\| ordo = [[Odonata]]~~		\|Pseudoeuphaea wynaadensis\|
	~~\| subordo = [[Zygoptera]]~~		}}
	~~\| familia = [[Euphaeidae]]~~		{{small\|Fraser, 1922}}
	~~\| genus~~ = ~~''[[~~Euphaea~~]]''~~
	~~\| species = '''''E.~~ fraseri~~'''''~~
	\| ~~binomial = ''Euphaea fraseri''~~
	~~\| binomial_authority~~ = (Laidlaw,1920)
	\| synonyms =
	*''Pseudoeuphaea wynaadensis'' {{small\|Fraser, 1922}}
	*''Pseudophaea fraseri'' {{small\|Laidlow, 1920}}		*''Pseudophaea fraseri'' {{small\|Laidlow, 1920}}
	}}		}}

	'''''Euphaea fraseri''''',<ref name=wol>{{World Odonata List}}</ref><ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> '''Malabar torrent dart''',<ref name=ibp/><ref name=ifb/> is a species of [[damselflies\|damselfly]] in the family [[Euphaeidae]].<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> This species is [[endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]]; known to occur in various locations up to [[Goa]].<ref name=Fraser/><ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /><ref name=atlas>{{cite book \|last1=K.A. \|first1=Subramanian \|last2=K.G. \|first2=Emiliyamma \|last3=R. \|first3=Babu \|last4=C. \|first4=Radhakrishnan \|last5=S.S. \|first5=Talmale \|title=Atlas of Odonata (Insecta) of the Western Ghats, India \|date=2018 \|publisher=Zoological Survey of India \|isbn=~~9788181714954~~\|pages=88–89}}</ref>		'''''Euphaea fraseri''''',<ref name=wol>{{World Odonata List}}</ref><ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> '''Malabar torrent dart''',<ref name=ibp/><ref name=ifb/> is a species of [[damselflies\|damselfly]] in the family [[Euphaeidae]].<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> This species is [[endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]]; known to occur in various locations up to [[Goa]].<ref name=Fraser/><ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /><ref name=atlas>{{cite book \|last1=K.A. \|first1=Subramanian \|last2=K.G. \|first2=Emiliyamma \|last3=R. \|first3=Babu \|last4=C. \|first4=Radhakrishnan \|last5=S.S. \|first5=Talmale \|title=Atlas of Odonata (Insecta) of the Western Ghats, India \|date=2018 \|publisher=Zoological Survey of India \|isbn=978-81-8171-495-4\|pages=88–89}}</ref>

	==Description and habitat==		==Description and habitat==
	It is a medium sized damselfly with black head and brown-capped pale grey eyes. Its thorax is black, marked with sky-blue antehumeral and reddish-yellow humeral stripes. Lateral sides of the thorax in the base is red. Legs are red as in ''[[Euphaea cardinalis]]''; but first pair is dark. Wings are narrower than ''[[Euphaea cardinalis]]''; hind-wings are shorter than fore-wings. Fore-wings are transparent, merely ~~enfumed~~ with brown on the apices. Hind-wings are transparent; but one third of the wings from the apices are broadly black. Abdomen is bright red up to the segment 7; apical third of segment 7 to the end segment are black. Anal appendages are black.<ref name=Fraser/>		It is a medium-sized damselfly with black head and brown-capped pale grey eyes. Its thorax is black, marked with sky-blue antehumeral and reddish-yellow humeral stripes. Lateral sides of the thorax in the base is red. Legs are red as in ''[[Euphaea cardinalis]]''; but first pair is dark. Wings are narrower than ''[[Euphaea cardinalis]]''; hind-wings are shorter than fore-wings. Fore-wings are transparent, merely infused with brown on the apices. Hind-wings are transparent; but one third of the wings from the apices are broadly black. Abdomen is bright red up to the segment 7; apical third of segment 7 to the end segment are black. Anal appendages are black.<ref name=Fraser/>

	Female is short and robust; the ochreous-red of male is replaced with yellow colors. All wings are transparent, ~~enfumed~~ with black in adults. Abdomen is black with yellow lateral stripes up to segment 6. The yellow lateral stripes continued to segment 7. Segment 8 has a narrow and 9 has a broad yellow apical annule, covering dorsal half.<ref name=Fraser/>		Female is short and robust; the ochreous-red of male is replaced with yellow colors. All wings are transparent, infused with black in adults. Abdomen is black with yellow lateral stripes up to segment 6. The yellow lateral stripes continued to segment 7. Segment 8 has a narrow and 9 has a broad yellow apical annule, covering dorsal half.<ref name=Fraser/>

	They breed in hill streams but at a lower elevation. Males usually found on low herbage along the banks or middle of the streams.<ref name=Fraser>{{cite book\|author=C FC Lt. Fraser\|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser\|title=The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Odonata Vol. II\|publisher=Taylor and Francis\|location=Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London\|year=1934\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata2/page/n133 110]-112\|url=https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata2}}</ref><ref name=Fraser-WG>{{cite book\|author=C FC Lt. Fraser\|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser\|title=A Survey of the Odonate (Dragonfly) Fauna of Western India and Descriptions of Thirty New Species\|year=1924\|~~pages~~=480\|url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/026/05/0423-0522.pdf}}</ref><ref name=ias>{{cite book\|last=Subramanian\|first=K. A.\|title=Dragonflies and Damselflies of Peninsular India - A Field Guide\|year=2005\|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/Publications/Overview/Dragonflies}}</ref><ref name=ibp>{{cite web		They breed in hill streams but at a lower elevation. Males usually found on low herbage along the banks or middle of the streams.<ref name=Fraser>{{cite book\|author=C FC Lt. Fraser\|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser\|title=The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Odonata Vol. II\|publisher=Taylor and Francis\|location=Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London\|year=1934\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata2/page/n133 110]-112\|url=https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata2}}</ref><ref name=Fraser-WG>{{cite book\|author=C FC Lt. Fraser\|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser\|title=A Survey of the Odonate (Dragonfly) Fauna of Western India and Descriptions of Thirty New Species\|year=1924\|page=480\|url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/026/05/0423-0522.pdf}}</ref><ref name=ias>{{cite book\|last=Subramanian\|first=K. A.\|title=Dragonflies and Damselflies of Peninsular India - A Field Guide\|year=2005\|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/Publications/Overview/Dragonflies}}</ref><ref name=ibp>{{cite web
	\|url=http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/227144\|title=Euphaea fraseri Laidlaw, 1920\|publisher=India Biodiversity Portal\|access-date=2017-03-07}}</ref><ref name=ifb>{{cite web		\|url=http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/227144\|title=Euphaea fraseri Laidlaw, 1920\|publisher=India Biodiversity Portal\|access-date=2017-03-07}}</ref><ref name=ifb>{{cite web
	\|url=http://www.indianodonata.org/sp/280/Euphaea-fraseri\|title=Euphaea fraseri Laidlaw, 1920\|publisher=Odonata of India, v. 1.00. Indian Foundation for Butterflies\|access-date=2017-03-07}}</ref>		\|url=http://www.indianodonata.org/sp/280/Euphaea-fraseri\|title=Euphaea fraseri Laidlaw, 1920\|publisher=Odonata of India, v. 1.00. Indian Foundation for Butterflies\|access-date=2017-03-07}}</ref>
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	{{Wikispecies-inline\|Euphaea fraseri}}		{{Wikispecies-inline\|Euphaea fraseri}}

	{{~~Commonscat~~-inline\|Euphaea fraseri}}		{{Commons category-inline\|Euphaea fraseri}}

	{{Taxonbar\|from=Q2605449}}		{{Taxonbar\|from=Q2605449}}

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2021-11-20T13:49:45Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:19, 20 November 2021
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	\| image2_caption= Female		\| image2_caption= Female
	\| status = LC \| status_system = IUCN3.1		\| status = LC \| status_system = IUCN3.1
	\| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn \|~~author1~~=Kakkasery, F.\| title = ''Euphaea fraseri'' \| volume= 2011\| page = e.T175169A7116539\| ~~year~~ = 2011}}</ref>		\| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn \|author=Kakkasery, F. \|date=2011 \|title=''Euphaea fraseri'' \|volume=2011 \|page=e.T175169A7116539 \|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T175169A7116539.en \|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
	\| regnum = [[Animal]]ia		\| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
	\| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a		\| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
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	}}		}}

	'''''Euphaea fraseri''''',<ref name=wol>{{World Odonata List}}</ref><ref name=iucn/> '''Malabar torrent dart''',<ref name=ibp/><ref name=ifb/> is a species of [[damselflies\|damselfly]] in the family [[Euphaeidae]].<ref name=iucn/> This species is [[endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]]; known to occur in various locations up to [[Goa]].<ref name=Fraser/><ref name=iucn/><ref name=atlas>{{cite book \|last1=K.A. \|first1=Subramanian \|last2=K.G. \|first2=Emiliyamma \|last3=R. \|first3=Babu \|last4=C. \|first4=Radhakrishnan \|last5=S.S. \|first5=Talmale \|title=Atlas of Odonata (Insecta) of the Western Ghats, India \|date=2018 \|publisher=Zoological Survey of India \|isbn=9788181714954\|pages=88–89}}</ref>		'''''Euphaea fraseri''''',<ref name=wol>{{World Odonata List}}</ref><ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> '''Malabar torrent dart''',<ref name=ibp/><ref name=ifb/> is a species of [[damselflies\|damselfly]] in the family [[Euphaeidae]].<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> This species is [[endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]]; known to occur in various locations up to [[Goa]].<ref name=Fraser/><ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /><ref name=atlas>{{cite book \|last1=K.A. \|first1=Subramanian \|last2=K.G. \|first2=Emiliyamma \|last3=R. \|first3=Babu \|last4=C. \|first4=Radhakrishnan \|last5=S.S. \|first5=Talmale \|title=Atlas of Odonata (Insecta) of the Western Ghats, India \|date=2018 \|publisher=Zoological Survey of India \|isbn=9788181714954\|pages=88–89}}</ref>

	==Description and habitat==		==Description and habitat==

>ShortDescBot: ShortDescBot adding short description "Species of damselfly"

2021-03-16T08:56:08Z

ShortDescBot adding short description "Species of damselfly"

New page

{{Short description|Species of damselfly}}
{{italictitle}}
{{Taxobox
| name = Euphaea fraseri
| image = Euphaea fraseri-Kadavoor-2016-07-07-001.jpg
| image_caption= Male
| image2 = Euphaea fraseri-Kadavoor-2016-06-18-001.jpg
| image2_caption= Female
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author1=Kakkasery, F.| title = ''Euphaea fraseri'' | volume= 2011| page = e.T175169A7116539| year = 2011}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Odonata]]
| subordo = [[Zygoptera]]
| familia = [[Euphaeidae]]
| genus = ''[[Euphaea]]''
| species = '''''E. fraseri'''''
| binomial = ''Euphaea fraseri''
| binomial_authority = (Laidlaw,1920)
| synonyms =
*''Pseudoeuphaea wynaadensis'' {{small|Fraser, 1922}}
*''Pseudophaea fraseri'' {{small|Laidlow, 1920}}
}}

'''''Euphaea fraseri''''',<ref name=wol>{{World Odonata List}}</ref><ref name=iucn/> '''Malabar torrent dart''',<ref name=ibp/><ref name=ifb/> is a species of [[damselflies|damselfly]] in the family [[Euphaeidae]].<ref name=iucn/> This species is [[endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]]; known to occur in various locations up to [[Goa]].<ref name=Fraser/><ref name=iucn/><ref name=atlas>{{cite book |last1=K.A. |first1=Subramanian |last2=K.G. |first2=Emiliyamma |last3=R. |first3=Babu |last4=C. |first4=Radhakrishnan |last5=S.S. |first5=Talmale |title=Atlas of Odonata (Insecta) of the Western Ghats, India |date=2018 |publisher=Zoological Survey of India |isbn=9788181714954|pages=88–89}}</ref>

==Description and habitat==
It is a medium sized damselfly with black head and brown-capped pale grey eyes. Its thorax is black, marked with sky-blue antehumeral and reddish-yellow humeral stripes. Lateral sides of the thorax in the base is red. Legs are red as in ''[[Euphaea cardinalis]]''; but first pair is dark. Wings are narrower than ''[[Euphaea cardinalis]]''; hind-wings are shorter than fore-wings. Fore-wings are transparent, merely enfumed with brown on the apices. Hind-wings are transparent; but one third of the wings from the apices are broadly black. Abdomen is bright red up to the segment 7; apical third of segment 7 to the end segment are black. Anal appendages are black.<ref name=Fraser/>

Female is short and robust; the ochreous-red of male is replaced with yellow colors. All wings are transparent, enfumed with black in adults. Abdomen is black with yellow lateral stripes up to segment 6. The yellow lateral stripes continued to segment 7. Segment 8 has a narrow and 9 has a broad yellow apical annule, covering dorsal half.<ref name=Fraser/>

They breed in hill streams but at a lower elevation. Males usually found on low herbage along the banks or middle of the streams.<ref name=Fraser>{{cite book|author=C FC Lt. Fraser|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser|title=The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Odonata Vol. II|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London|year=1934|pages=[https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata2/page/n133 110]-112|url=https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata2}}</ref><ref name=Fraser-WG>{{cite book|author=C FC Lt. Fraser|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser|title=A Survey of the Odonate (Dragonfly) Fauna of Western India and Descriptions of Thirty New Species|year=1924|pages=480|url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/026/05/0423-0522.pdf}}</ref><ref name=ias>{{cite book|last=Subramanian|first=K. A.|title=Dragonflies and Damselflies of Peninsular India - A Field Guide|year=2005|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/Publications/Overview/Dragonflies}}</ref><ref name=ibp>{{cite web
|url=http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/227144|title=Euphaea fraseri Laidlaw, 1920|publisher=India Biodiversity Portal|access-date=2017-03-07}}</ref><ref name=ifb>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indianodonata.org/sp/280/Euphaea-fraseri|title=Euphaea fraseri Laidlaw, 1920|publisher=Odonata of India, v. 1.00. Indian Foundation for Butterflies|access-date=2017-03-07}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of odonates of India]]
* [[List of odonata of Kerala]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikispecies-inline|Euphaea fraseri}}

{{Commonscat-inline|Euphaea fraseri}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2605449}}

[[Category:Euphaeidae]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1920]]

{{Calopterygoidea-stub}}