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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:28, 4 November 2022
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	{{short description\|Spanish politician}}		{{short description\|Spanish politician (born 1952)}}
	{{family name hatnote\|Aguirre\|Gil de Biedma\|lang=Spanish}}		{{family name hatnote\|Aguirre\|Gil de Biedma\|lang=Spanish}}
	~~{{BLP sources\|date=July 2017}}~~
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2021}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
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	\| occupation = [[Politician]], [[civil servant]]		\| occupation = [[Politician]], [[civil servant]]
	}}		}}
	'''Esperanza Aguirre y Gil de Biedma''' ({{IPA-es\|espeˈɾanθa aˈɣire}}; born 3 January 1952) is a Spanish politician. As member of the [[People's Party (Spain)\|People's Party]] (PP), she served as [[President of the Senate of Spain\|President of the Senate]] between 1999 and 2002 (becoming the first female politician to have held the post), as [[President of the Community of Madrid]] between 2003 and 2012 and as [[Ministry of Education and Culture (Spain)\|Minister of Education and Culture]] (1996–1999). She also chaired the [[People's Party of the Community of Madrid]] between 2004 and 2016.		'''Esperanza Aguirre y Gil de Biedma''' ({{IPA-es\|espeˈɾanθa aˈɣire}}; born 3 January 1952)<ref>{{cite book\|title=Who's who in Spain\|publisher=Intercontinental Book and Publishing Company\|year=1988\|page=14}}</ref> is a Spanish politician. As member of the [[People's Party (Spain)\|People's Party]] (PP), she served as [[President of the Senate of Spain\|President of the Senate]] between 1999 and 2002 (becoming the first female politician to have held the post), as [[President of the Community of Madrid]] between 2003 and 2012 and as [[Ministry of Education and Culture (Spain)\|Minister of Education and Culture]] (1996–1999). She also chaired the [[People's Party of the Community of Madrid]] between 2004 and 2016.

	==Biography==		==Biography==
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	=== First spell in local politics ===		=== First spell in local politics ===
	Since her early years Aguirre had been a member of the Club Liberal of Madrid, which was presided over by [[Pedro Schwartz]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://actualidad.abc.es/elecciones-2007/autonomia/C-de-Madrid/10 \|title=Ficha Esperanza Aguirre \|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> \|date=2007 \|publisher=ABC \|access-date=14 October 2014 \|language=es}}</ref> Schwartz reportedly played an important role in the beginnings of Aguirre's political career: in 1983, he was the one to convince her, by then a [[civil servant]]; to stand as candidate in the [[1983 Madrid City Council election\|Madrid local elections]] running in the list of the political alliance between Schwartz's [[Liberal Union (Spain, 1983)\|Liberal Union]], the [[People's Alliance (Spain)\|People's Alliance]] and the [[People's Democratic Party (Spain)\|People's Democratic Party]]. She was elected as became a municipal councillor.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.esferalibros.com/libros/libropcapitulo.html?libroISBN=849734572X \|title=~~Archived copy~~ \|access-date=15 May 2007 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623033413/http://www.esferalibros.com/libros/libropcapitulo.html?libroISBN=849734572X \|archive-date=23 June 2007 }}</ref> While in opposition, she was a member of the Standing Committee of the [[Madrid City Council]], a CP spokeswoman on the areas of Culture, Education, Youth and Sports Affairs, and the [[Moncloa-Aravaca]] district. When the Liberal Union merged with the Liberal Party in December 1984, she held different positions in the National Executive and the Political Council of José Antonio Segurado's [[Liberal Party (Spain, 1976)\|Liberal Party]].		Since her early years Aguirre had been a member of the Club Liberal of Madrid, which was presided over by [[Pedro Schwartz]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://actualidad.abc.es/elecciones-2007/autonomia/C-de-Madrid/10 \|title=Ficha Esperanza Aguirre \|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> \|date=2007 \|publisher=ABC \|access-date=14 October 2014 \|language=es}}</ref> Schwartz reportedly played an important role in the beginnings of Aguirre's political career: in 1983, he was the one to convince her, by then a [[civil servant]]; to stand as candidate in the [[1983 Madrid City Council election\|Madrid local elections]] running in the list of the political alliance between Schwartz's [[Liberal Union (Spain, 1983)\|Liberal Union]], the [[People's Alliance (Spain)\|People's Alliance]] and the [[People's Democratic Party (Spain)\|People's Democratic Party]]. She was elected as became a municipal councillor.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.esferalibros.com/libros/libropcapitulo.html?libroISBN=849734572X \|title=Primeras páginas del libro [La Esfera de los Libros] \|access-date=15 May 2007 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623033413/http://www.esferalibros.com/libros/libropcapitulo.html?libroISBN=849734572X \|archive-date=23 June 2007 }}</ref> While in opposition, she was a member of the Standing Committee of the [[Madrid City Council]], a CP spokeswoman on the areas of Culture, Education, Youth and Sports Affairs, and the [[Moncloa-Aravaca]] district. When the Liberal Union merged with the Liberal Party in December 1984, she held different positions in the National Executive and the Political Council of José Antonio Segurado's [[Liberal Party (Spain, 1976)\|Liberal Party]].

	In 1987 she left the Liberal Party and joined [[Popular Alliance (Spain)\|Popular Alliance]], which later, in 1989, was refounded as the [[People's Party (Spain)\|People's Party]] (PP). She was subsequently re-elected to the city council and continued in opposition until 1989, when a successful [[vote of no confidence]] ousted the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party\|PSOE]] mayor Juan Barranco, which allowed the PP and [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)\|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS) to govern Madrid for the first time since the restoration of competitive municipal elections in 1979, under the Mayorship of [[Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún]] (CDS). In the new local executive, she was designated head of the Department of the Environment.		In 1987 she left the Liberal Party and joined [[Popular Alliance (Spain)\|Popular Alliance]], which later, in 1989, was refounded as the [[People's Party (Spain)\|People's Party]] (PP). She was subsequently re-elected to the city council and continued in opposition until 1989, when a successful [[vote of no confidence]] ousted the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party\|PSOE]] mayor Juan Barranco, which allowed the PP and [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)\|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS) to govern Madrid for the first time since the restoration of competitive municipal elections in 1979, under the Mayorship of [[Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún]] (CDS). In the new local executive, she was designated head of the Department of the Environment.
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	Aguirre, a Senator since 1996, was elected President of the Senate in February 1999, the first woman to do so. In March 2000, she was re-elected Senator for Madrid, becoming the top-voted candidate in Spain with 1.55 million votes and 50.7% of the popular vote, a percentage record still unbroken.<ref>In the [[2008 Spanish general election\|2008 election]], her party colleague Juan José Lucas gathered 1.68 million votes, but this only amounted to ~48.5% of the valid vote</ref> She resigned in 2002 to run for the [[President of Madrid\|Presidency]] of the [[Autonomous Community of Madrid]] in the [[Madrid Assembly\|regional Assembly]] elections of 2003. She was substituted as President of the Senate by [[Juan José Lucas]].		Aguirre, a Senator since 1996, was elected President of the Senate in February 1999, the first woman to do so. In March 2000, she was re-elected Senator for Madrid, becoming the top-voted candidate in Spain with 1.55 million votes and 50.7% of the popular vote, a percentage record still unbroken.<ref>In the [[2008 Spanish general election\|2008 election]], her party colleague Juan José Lucas gathered 1.68 million votes, but this only amounted to ~48.5% of the valid vote</ref> She resigned in 2002 to run for the [[President of Madrid\|Presidency]] of the [[Autonomous Community of Madrid]] in the [[Madrid Assembly\|regional Assembly]] elections of 2003. She was substituted as President of the Senate by [[Juan José Lucas]].

	=== ~~The~~ 'Tamayazo' ===		=== ''Tamayazo'' ===
	{{main\|President of Madrid#The 6th term scandal}}		{{main\|President of Madrid#The 6th term scandal}}
	When the regional elections took place in May 2003, the People's Party won a plurality of seats. The People's Party won 55 seats in the [[Madrid Assembly]], being the only party of the right in the Assembly. On the left, PSOE won 47 seats and [[United Left (Spain)\|United Left]] won 9 seats, thus making it possible for a coalition of PSOE and IU to rule. However, the election of a leftist coalition was not possible due to two dissenting deputies of the PSOE, Eduardo Tamayo and María Teresa Sáez, who refused to obey the party whip in the first two votes, the election of the speaker and the election of the president. {{citation needed\|date=June 2009}}		When the regional elections took place in May 2003, the People's Party won a plurality of seats. The People's Party won 55 seats in the [[Madrid Assembly]], being the only party of the right in the Assembly. On the left, PSOE won 47 seats and [[United Left (Spain)\|United Left]] won 9 seats, thus making it possible for a coalition of PSOE and IU to rule. However, the election of a leftist coalition was not possible due to two dissenting deputies of the PSOE, Eduardo Tamayo and María Teresa Sáez, who refused to obey the party whip in the first two votes, the election of the speaker and the election of the president. {{citation needed\|date=June 2009}}
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	Designated in 2015 by [[Mariano Rajoy]] as the PP's Mayoral candidate for the municipality of Madrid, she subsequently ran first in the PP's list for the [[2015 Madrid City Council election\|May 2015 Madrid municipal election]]. The PP's list obtained a simple majority of 20 seats out of a total 57, short of the qualified majority needed to remain in government without support from other political parties. She then unsuccessfully pressed to reach a three-way deal between the PP, [[Citizens–Party of the Citizenry\|Citizens]] and the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) to avoid the investiture as Mayor's of the candidate of the left-wing [[Ahora Madrid]], [[Manuela Carmena]], with the support of the PSOE's municipal councillors.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20150526/aguirre-carmona-mantienen-reunion-dos-dias-despues-elecciones/1150641.shtml\|title=Aguirre ofrece al PSOE y Ciudadanos un pacto para que no gobierne Carmena, de Ahora Madrid\|date=26 June 2015\|first=Ana\|last=Martín Plaza}}</ref> Soon after the investiture of Carmena as Mayor on 13 June 2015, Aguirre unsuccessfully proposed again another deal with Citizens and the PSOE to oust Carmena.<ref>{{Cite journal\|url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2015/08/25/55dc4c6922601de9358b457d.html\|journal=[[El Mundo (Spain)\|El Mundo]]\|title=Esperanza Aguirre mantiene su propuesta de pacto contra Carmena\|date=25 August 2018\|first=Marta\|last=Belver}}</ref>		Designated in 2015 by [[Mariano Rajoy]] as the PP's Mayoral candidate for the municipality of Madrid, she subsequently ran first in the PP's list for the [[2015 Madrid City Council election\|May 2015 Madrid municipal election]]. The PP's list obtained a simple majority of 20 seats out of a total 57, short of the qualified majority needed to remain in government without support from other political parties. She then unsuccessfully pressed to reach a three-way deal between the PP, [[Citizens–Party of the Citizenry\|Citizens]] and the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) to avoid the investiture as Mayor's of the candidate of the left-wing [[Ahora Madrid]], [[Manuela Carmena]], with the support of the PSOE's municipal councillors.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20150526/aguirre-carmona-mantienen-reunion-dos-dias-despues-elecciones/1150641.shtml\|title=Aguirre ofrece al PSOE y Ciudadanos un pacto para que no gobierne Carmena, de Ahora Madrid\|date=26 June 2015\|first=Ana\|last=Martín Plaza}}</ref> Soon after the investiture of Carmena as Mayor on 13 June 2015, Aguirre unsuccessfully proposed again another deal with Citizens and the PSOE to oust Carmena.<ref>{{Cite journal\|url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2015/08/25/55dc4c6922601de9358b457d.html\|journal=[[El Mundo (Spain)\|El Mundo]]\|title=Esperanza Aguirre mantiene su propuesta de pacto contra Carmena\|date=25 August 2018\|first=Marta\|last=Belver}}</ref>

	In 2016, Aguirre resigned from her position as regional party president, ostensibly due to the many corruption cases in the Madrilenian PP under her watch. She retained her position of opposition leader in the Madrid municipal government, and the overall maneuver was widely interpreted as a broadside against her party rival, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://elpais.com/m/politica/2016/02/14/actualidad/1455455097_256874.html \|title=~~Archived copy~~ \|access-date=14 February 2016 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215174350/http://elpais.com/m/politica/2016/02/14/actualidad/1455455097_256874.html \|archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref>		In 2016, Aguirre resigned from her position as regional party president, ostensibly due to the many corruption cases in the Madrilenian PP under her watch. She retained her position of opposition leader in the Madrid municipal government, and the overall maneuver was widely interpreted as a broadside against her party rival, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://elpais.com/m/politica/2016/02/14/actualidad/1455455097_256874.html \|title=Aguirre dimite y aumenta la presión sobre Rajoy por la corrupción \| España \| EL PAÍS Móvil \|access-date=14 February 2016 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215174350/http://elpais.com/m/politica/2016/02/14/actualidad/1455455097_256874.html \|archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref>

	On 24 April 2017, she resigned as municipal councillor (and from all relating offices) after the imprisonment of her former right-hand man, [[Ignacio González (politician)\|Ignacio González]] (also her successor as regional president) for misappropriation of public funds in the Lezo corruption scandal. She was replaced as spokesperson of the PP municipal group by [[José Luis Martínez-Almeida]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|url=https://www.abc.es/espana/madrid/abci-jose-luis-martinez-almeida-nuevo-portavoz-pp-cibeles-tras-dimision-aguirre-201704281232_noticia.html\|journal=[[ABC (Spain)\|ABC]]\|title=Martínez-Almeida, el nuevo sucesor de Aguirre en Cibeles: "Mi objetivo es que Madrid olvide la pesadilla de Podemos"\|date=28 April 2017\|first=Marta R.\|last=Domingo}}</ref>		On 24 April 2017, she resigned as municipal councillor (and from all relating offices) after the imprisonment of her former right-hand man, [[Ignacio González (politician)\|Ignacio González]] (also her successor as regional president) for misappropriation of public funds in the Lezo corruption scandal. She was replaced as spokesperson of the PP municipal group by [[José Luis Martínez-Almeida]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|url=https://www.abc.es/espana/madrid/abci-jose-luis-martinez-almeida-nuevo-portavoz-pp-cibeles-tras-dimision-aguirre-201704281232_noticia.html\|journal=[[ABC (Spain)\|ABC]]\|title=Martínez-Almeida, el nuevo sucesor de Aguirre en Cibeles: "Mi objetivo es que Madrid olvide la pesadilla de Podemos"\|date=28 April 2017\|first=Marta R.\|last=Domingo}}</ref>
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	== Positions and ideology ==		== Positions and ideology ==
	Esperanza Aguirre self-defines as a "[[Liberalism\|liberal]]".<ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://www.elsiglodeuropa.es/siglo/historico/2008/808/808Curioso.html\|journal=El Siglo de Europa\|title=De cómo Zarzalejos fue 'ejecutado' por Esperanza Aguirre\|date=3 November 2008\|number=808}}</ref> Known by her professed [[anglophilia]],<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.elplural.com/politica/internacional/aguirre-entusiasmada-en-el-funeral-de-thatcher-maravilloso-admirable-estaban-todas-las-tendencias_58830102\|journal=[[El Plural]]\|title=Aguirre, entusiasmada en el funeral de Thatcher: "maravilloso", "admirable", "estaban todas las tendencias"...\|date=17 April 2013\|first=Sergio\|last=Colado}}</ref> she has cited her admiration for the figure of [[Margaret Thatcher]].<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=[[20minutos.es]]\|url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/3019935/0/esperanza-aguirre-dimite-dama-hierro-corrupcion-ignacio-gonzalez/\|title=Esperanza Aguirre: la 'Dama de Hierro' cañí quebrada por la corrupción de sus delfines\|date=24 April 2017\|first=Ángel\|last=Calleja}}</ref> According to Jorge del Palacio, Aguirre aimed to develop a Spanish version of the uneasy union between [[~~Conservatism~~]] and the ~~Liberalism~~ inspired by [[~~F. A.~~ Hayek]].<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2017/04/26/58ffaafaca474138338b4685.html\|journal=[[El Mundo (España)\|El Mundo]]\|date=26 April 2017\|title=Aguirre y el liberalismo paradójico\|first=Jorge del\|last=Palacio Martín}}</ref> She has often been regarded as a leading figure of the most conservative wing of the PP,<ref>{{Cite journal\|url=https://www.elespanol.com/espana/politica/20170424/210979524_0.html\|journal=[[El Español]]\|title=Pablo Casado, el favorito de Cristina Cifuentes para Madrid 2019\|date=25 April 2017\|last=Gracia\|first=Ana I.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|journal=El Plural\|url=https://www.elplural.com/politica/yo-a-madrid-tu-a-valencia-la-historia-de-santi-abascal-y-gotzone-mora_211320102\|title=Yo a Madrid, tú a Valencia: la historia de Santi Abascal y Gotzone Mora\|first=Javier\|last=Pardo\|date=2 March 2019}}</ref> and, having reportedly held political differences and an uneasy personal relationship with PP's leader [[Mariano Rajoy]], she personally asked the latter for a change in the leadership of the party before the [[2016 Spanish general election\|June 2016 general election]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|journal=El Independiente\|first=Diego\|last=Caldentey\|title=Esperanza Aguirre y Mariano Rajoy, una relación tan tensa como fría\|date=3 May 2016\|url=https://www.lainformacion.com/espana/Esperanza-Aguirre-Mariano-Rajoy-relacion_0_913410458.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|url=https://www.lainformacion.com/politica/Esperanza-Aguirre-Rajoy-equipo-PP_0_913408847.html\|journal=El Independiente\|first=Fernando H.\|last=Valls\|date=3 May 2016\|title=Esperanza Aguirre pide que Rajoy y su equipo se vayan del PP antes del 26J}}</ref>		Esperanza Aguirre self-defines as a "[[Liberalism\|liberal]]".<ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://www.elsiglodeuropa.es/siglo/historico/2008/808/808Curioso.html\|journal=El Siglo de Europa\|title=De cómo Zarzalejos fue 'ejecutado' por Esperanza Aguirre\|date=3 November 2008\|number=808}}</ref> Known by her professed [[anglophilia]],<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.elplural.com/politica/internacional/aguirre-entusiasmada-en-el-funeral-de-thatcher-maravilloso-admirable-estaban-todas-las-tendencias_58830102\|journal=[[El Plural]]\|title=Aguirre, entusiasmada en el funeral de Thatcher: "maravilloso", "admirable", "estaban todas las tendencias"...\|date=17 April 2013\|first=Sergio\|last=Colado}}</ref> she has cited her admiration for the figure of [[Margaret Thatcher]].<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=[[20minutos.es]]\|url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/3019935/0/esperanza-aguirre-dimite-dama-hierro-corrupcion-ignacio-gonzalez/\|title=Esperanza Aguirre: la 'Dama de Hierro' cañí quebrada por la corrupción de sus delfines\|date=24 April 2017\|first=Ángel\|last=Calleja}}</ref> According to Jorge del Palacio, Aguirre aimed to develop a Spanish version of the uneasy union between [[conservatism]] and the liberalism inspired by [[Friederich Hayek]].<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2017/04/26/58ffaafaca474138338b4685.html\|journal=[[El Mundo (España)\|El Mundo]]\|date=26 April 2017\|title=Aguirre y el liberalismo paradójico\|first=Jorge del\|last=Palacio Martín}}</ref> She has often been regarded as a leading figure of the most conservative wing of the PP,<ref>{{Cite journal\|url=https://www.elespanol.com/espana/politica/20170424/210979524_0.html\|journal=[[El Español]]\|title=Pablo Casado, el favorito de Cristina Cifuentes para Madrid 2019\|date=25 April 2017\|last=Gracia\|first=Ana I.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|journal=El Plural\|url=https://www.elplural.com/politica/yo-a-madrid-tu-a-valencia-la-historia-de-santi-abascal-y-gotzone-mora_211320102\|title=Yo a Madrid, tú a Valencia: la historia de Santi Abascal y Gotzone Mora\|first=Javier\|last=Pardo\|date=2 March 2019}}</ref> and, having reportedly held political differences and an uneasy personal relationship with PP's leader [[Mariano Rajoy]], she personally asked the latter for a change in the leadership of the party before the [[2016 Spanish general election\|June 2016 general election]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|journal=El Independiente\|first=Diego\|last=Caldentey\|title=Esperanza Aguirre y Mariano Rajoy, una relación tan tensa como fría\|date=3 May 2016\|url=https://www.lainformacion.com/espana/Esperanza-Aguirre-Mariano-Rajoy-relacion_0_913410458.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|url=https://www.lainformacion.com/politica/Esperanza-Aguirre-Rajoy-equipo-PP_0_913408847.html\|journal=El Independiente\|first=Fernando H.\|last=Valls\|date=3 May 2016\|title=Esperanza Aguirre pide que Rajoy y su equipo se vayan del PP antes del 26J}}</ref>

	== Heraldry ==		== Heraldry ==
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	{{s-end}}		{{s-end}}
	{{Presidents of the Community of Madrid}}		{{Presidents of the Community of Madrid}}
			{{2008 Mumbai attacks}}
	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

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	[[Category:Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit]]		[[Category:Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit]]
	[[Category:20th-century Spanish politicians]]		[[Category:20th-century Spanish politicians]]
	[[Category:20th-century women politicians]]		[[Category:20th-century Spanish women politicians]]
	[[Category:21st-century Spanish women politicians]]		[[Category:21st-century Spanish women politicians]]
	[[Category:Members of the 9th Assembly of Madrid]]		[[Category:Members of the 9th Assembly of Madrid]]

Esperanza Aguirre - Revision history

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

->Asqueladd: what's wrong with a picture of prime Aguirre. Its political notability in 2015 was more limited.