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{{About|the [[Central Business District|CBD]] of [[Kochi]]|the District|Ernakulam district}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ernakulam
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Downtown (CBD) of Kochi city
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = uij
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| coordinates = {{coord|9.98|76.28|type:event|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India | City UA]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kochi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Ernakulam
| subdivision_type3 =
[[States and territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name3 =
[[Kerala]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Kochi Municipal Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 4
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0484
| registration_plate = KL-07
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Ernakulam
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website = {{URL|www.ernakulam.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ernakulam''' {{audio|Ernakulam.ogg|pronunciation}}, is the central portion of the city of [[Kochi]] in [[Kerala]], India and has lent its name to the [[Ernakulam district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/contentView.do?channelId=-1073753605&contentId=733060&programId=1073770154&tabId=2&contentType=EDITORIAL&BV_ID=@@@ |title=Manorama Online | Kochi Beaches |publisher=Week.manoramaonline.com |access-date=6 June 2012}}</ref> Many major establishments, including the [[Kerala High Court]], the office of the [[Kochi Municipal Corporation]] and the [[Cochin Stock Exchange]] are situated here. Ernakulam, which is where a huge part of the commercial activity in Kochi city happen, is known as the commercial capital of Kerala. The [[Ernakulam Junction]] is a major railway station of the [[Indian Railways]], and the busiest railway station in Kochi city, the 2nd busiest in [[Thiruvananthapuram railway division]] and the 5th busiest in [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railways]]. Initially, Ernakulam was the headquarters of the [[Ernakulam District]] but was later shifted to [[Kakkanad]], an eastern region in Kochi. Ernakulam was once the capital of the [[Kingdom of Cochin]]. It is located {{convert|220|km|mi|0}} north - west of the state capital [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. The city has served as an incubator for many [[Malayali]] entrepreneurs and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala. The [[Kochi Metro]]'s first phase runs through Ernakulam region as well. The second phase aims to connect the CBD with the IT hub of [[Kakkanad]].

The state [[government]] and the [[Greater Cochin Development Authority|GCDA]] have had plans in the past to include [[Angamaly]], [[Perumbavoor]], [[Piravom]] and [[Kolenchery]] in the Ernakulam district; [[Mala, Kerala|Mala]] and [[Kodungallur]] in the [[Thrissur]] district; [[Thalayolaparambu]] and [[Vaikom]] in [[Kottayam]]; and [[Cherthala]] in the [[Alappuzha]] district within the [[Kochi]] metropolitan limits. The newly formed metropolis would be put under the charge of a new authority called Kochi Metropolitan Regional Development Authority.

==History==

===Pre-history===
Starting from the [[Stone Age]], Ernakulam has been the site of human settlement. Monolithic monuments like [[Dolmens]] and rock-cut caves can be seen in many parts of Ernakulam.

===Precolonial history===
The region can claim to have played a significant part in fostering the trade relations between [[Kerala]] and the outside world in the ancient and medieval period.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Ernakulam, Background Details of Ernakulam|url=https://www.ernakulamonline.in/city-guide/history-of-ernakulam|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.ernakulamonline.in}}</ref> The early political history of Ernakulam is interlinked with that of the [[Chera Dynasty]] of the [[Sangam period|Sangam age]], who ruled over vast portions of [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]. After the Cheras, the place was later ruled by the [[Kingdom of Cochin]] (Perumpadapu Swaroopam).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Menon|first=Anasuya|date=2013-04-18|title=The quaint Ernakulam bazaar|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/the-quaint-ernakulam-bazaar/article4630327.ece|access-date=2020-12-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

===Colonial period===
Although under British suzerainty, specifically the [[East India Company]], since the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maloni |first=Ruby |year=2021 |chapter=Indian Maritime Centres: Foreland and Hinterland |title=The Route to European Hegemony: India's Intra-Asian Trade in the Early Modern Period (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries) |location=Abingdon, England |publisher=Routledge |pages=41–105, [https://books.google.com/books?id=NMoOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 page 77] |isbn=978-0-367-75642-0 }}</ref> [[Rama Varma XII]] of the [[Kingdom of Cochin]], about 1840, moved their capital from [[Mattancherry]] to [[Tripunithura]].<ref name="Pradeep">{{Cite news|last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=24 October 2013 |title=A system in place |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/a-system-in-place/article5268699.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028024411/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/a-system-in-place/article5268699.ece |archive-date=28 October 2013 |url-status=unfit }}</ref> [[Fort Kochi|Fort Cochin Municipality]] was established in 1866 under the Madras Town Improvement Act of 1865, and municipal elections were first held in 1883.<ref name="Pradeep" /> Ernakulam became a municipality in 1910.<ref name="Pradeep" /> In the first state census of 1911, the population of Ernakulam was 21,901; 11,197 [[Hindus]], 9,357 [[Christians]], 935 [[Muslims]], and 412 [[Jews]].<ref>{{Cite book| title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series, Madras II: The Southern and West Coast Districts, Native States, and French Possessions|page= 454|year=1908| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hI1kfvUKUiAC }}</ref>

==Geography==
Ernakulam region is located at the central parts of [[Kochi]] city. Thus the name is often used interchangeably with the name "Kochi" to refer to the city.
The [[Ernakulam District]] is situated in Central [[Kerala]] in India. Ernakulam is located at {{coord|9.98|N|76.28|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/13/Ernakulam.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Ernakulam |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=6 June 2012}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

===Climate===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], the city of Kochi features a [[Tropical monsoon climate]]. Since the region lies in the south western coastal state of [[Kerala]], the climate is tropical, with only minor differences in temperatures between day and night, as well as over the year. Summer lasts from March to May, and is followed by the [[South-west monsoon]] from June to September. October and November form the post monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Winter from December through February is slightly cooler, and windy, due to winds from the [[Western Ghats]].

The city is drenched in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|3000|mm}}. The [[South-west monsoon]] generally sets in during the last week of May. After July the rainfall decreases. On an average, there are 124 rainy days in a year. The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is {{cvt|33|°C}} while the minimum temperature recorded is {{cvt|22.5|°C}}. The winter season records a maximum average of {{cvt|29|°C}} and a minimum average of {{cvt|20|°C}}.

==Economy==
Ernakulam is a major financial and commercial hub of [[Kochi]] city, which is widely known as the commercial capital of the state. The [[Cochin Port]], [[DP World]] Kochi and [[Cochin Shipyard]] have resulted in the faster growth of the city. The technology park [[InfoPark, Kochi]] and [[SmartCity, Kochi]] is on the eastern parts of the city. Tourism has also contributed heavily to the economy of Ernakulam and other parts of Kochi like [[Fort Kochi]]. The city with its temples, old churches and its culture, is ranked first in the number of domestic tourists visiting. Vypin or Vypeen is one of a group of islands that form part of the city of Kochi, in the southwestern Indian state of Kerala. Vypin is one of the densely populated islands in Asia. The western coast of Vypin has the longest beaches in Kochi namely, the Cherai Beach, Kuzhuppilly Beach and the Puthuvype Beach.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-02-01|title=Business Line : Industry & Economy / Banking : Ernakulam to be declared first district with 100% banking|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/banking/ernakulam-to-be-declared-first-district-with-100-banking/article4098347.ece|access-date=2020-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201202306/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/banking/ernakulam-to-be-declared-first-district-with-100-banking/article4098347.ece|archive-date=1 February 2013}}</ref>

Ernakulam, aka the CBD (Central Business District) of Kochi, has seen high urbanisation in the past few decades, thus turning it into an economic hub of the city. The first traces of this transformation were seen after the MG Road connecting [[Ravipuram]] and [[Kacherippady]] was opened in 1972. The development took a new shape after the [[Greater Cochin Development Authority]] (GCDA) built the [[Marine Drive, Kochi|Marine Drive]] to the West of MG Road, in the late 70s. Marine Drive and MG Road thus became the backbone of Kochi's economic activities, and acted as the base for the city to expand in all directions thereafter. Although the current bypass of Kochi is quickly becoming the new,<ref>https://m.timesofindia.com/city/kochi/mg-road-losing-its-prime-position-as-central-biz-district/amp_articleshow/65095177.cms</ref> Ernakulam region still remains as the heart of Kochi city even today.

==Landmarks and tourist spots==
[[File:Marine Drive Kochi Night View DSW.jpg|thumb|600px|A night view of Marine Drive, Kochi]]
[[File:Durbar_Hall_Ground_BNC.jpg|thumb|[[Durbar Hall Ground]]]]
[[File:Mangalavanam.JPG|thumb|[[Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:High Court of Kerala Building.jpg|thumb|[[High Court of Kerala]] at Ernakulam]]
[[File:Heritage Building of Ernakulam District Court by Augustus Binu.jpg|thumb|Heritage Building of Ernakulam District Court]]
*[[Marine Drive, Kochi]]
*Ernakulathappan (Siva) Temple
*[[Durbar Hall Ground]]
*[[Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary]]
*[[Mulavukad|Bolghatty]]
*[[Veega land|Wonderla Kochi]]
*[[LuLu International Shopping Mall]]
*[[Mahatma Gandhi Road (Kochi)]]
* Zonal Deputy Directorate of Collegiate Education
* Govt Maharajas College
* Sahodaran Ayyappan Road (Kochi)
*[[Maharaja College Stadium|Maharajas College ground]]
*[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawahar Lal Nehru International Stadium]]
*[http://www.rsccochin.org Rajeev Gandhi Indoor Stadium]
*[[Kerala High Court]]
*Subhash Park
*Children's Park
*[[Changampuzha]] Park
*B.R. Ambedkar Stadium
*Penta Meneka
*[[Hill Palace, Tripunithura]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721145907/http://www.alberts.ac.in/ St. Albert's College (Autonomous), Ernakulam]
* Vivekananda Statue, Elamakkara<ref>{{cite news|title=Clipping of Janmabhumi - Kochi|url=http://epaper.janmabhumidaily.com/c/8060582|access-date=26 February 2017}}</ref>
*[[Sacred Heart College, Thevara]]
*Thaneerchal park, Thripunithura

==Transport==
The Ernakulam region, being at the heart of Kochi city, is well served by private/government buses, autorickshaws, long and short-distance trains and ferries, and even the new metro rail.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Govt plans separate entity to manage Mobility Hub|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2020/dec/02/govt-plans-separate-entity-to-manage-mobility-hub-2230620.html|access-date=2020-12-31|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Ernakulam has a number of jetties where passengers can embark and disembark from ferries. Traveling via ferries is cheaper and faster than traveling by buses and/or autos. The main jetty is called the Ernakulam jetty from where one can board a ferry to [[Vypin]], [[Fort Kochi]], [[Mattancherry]] and [[Willingdon Island]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Passenger ferry services find many takers in Ernakulam - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/passenger-ferry-services-find-many-takers-in-ernakulam/articleshow/79467176.cms|access-date=2020-12-31|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

===Road===
Kochi is a city that is connected to the [[North–South and East–West Corridor|North-South Corridor]] National Highway System via the four-laned [[National Highway 66 (India)|National Highway 66]] as well as [[National Highway 544 (India)| National Highway 544]].The MC Road starting from Thiruvananthapuram ends in [[Angamaly]]. The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such as [[Thrissur]], [[Palakkad]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and [[Coimbatore]]. [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]] was supposed to be acting as the bypass for Kochi city, but the fast paced urban expansion of Kochi has meant that the bypass quickly became a city road passing through the middle of it, thereby forcing the NHAI to propose a new bypass for the city.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/dpr-for-kundannoor-angamaly-bypass-project-suffers-delay/article33786861.ece</ref> The road network in Ernakulam region of Kochi city is largely a grid-like network with the Park Avenue Road, Banerji Road, MG Road, SA Road and Chittoor Roads forming the main structure of the network with many roads interlinking them. The Banerji Road and MG Road used to be part of the National Highways system (as the old NH 47) before the [[Kochi Bypass]] had come up linking the southern suburb of [[Aroor]] and [[Edappally]] of Kochi city.

Ernakulam is largely dependent on city buses, metro rail, taxis and [[auto rickshaws]] (called autos) for public transport. Just like the other parts of Kochi city, Ernakulam is also getting used to public bycicle sharing systems, now being offered at various metro stations.

The state-owned [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]] (KSRTC) runs inter-state, inter-district and city services, mostly from the Ernakulam KSRTC bus stand which is the busiest bus stand in Kochi after the [[Vytilla]] Mobility Hub. The [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]] also operates two other bus stations in Ernakulam region of Kochi city, called as "Ernakulam Jetty" and "Thevara Depot".

===Railway===
Ernakulam, being at the heart of Kochi city, contains two of the busiest railway stations in the city.
The [[Ernakulam Junction|Ernakulam Junction Railway Station]] is currently the largest and busiest railway station in Kochi city, the second busiest railway station in [[Kerala]], and the fifth busiest railway station in the [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railways]]. The Ernakulam railway station is located close to the city's main shopping area situated on MG Road, and is connected by metro.<ref>[http://webindia123.com/city/kerala/kochi-ernakulam/travel/travelguide.htm Kochi- Ernakulam Travel Guide, How to reach Kochi by air, bus, train, local transport, Getting around in Kochi City]. Webindia123.com. Retrieved on 27 November 2016.</ref> The [[Southern Railway Zone (India)|Southern Railway]] Zone of the [[Indian Railways]] operates the main rail transport system in Kochi.

[[Ernakulam Town railway station]] is situated in the northern part of Ernakulam region (CBD of Kochi city) and is a stopping point for trains going towards mainly to the [[Kottayam]] side in the south. It is the second busiest railway station in Kochi city followed by [[Aluva railway station]], fourth busiest in the division and 17th busiest in Southern Railways.
The Ernakulam Junction Railway Station is a junction and departing station of passengers and express trains, and is the stopping point for trains going towards the south side [[Alappuzha]]. Both the North and South railway stations have been selected by the Ministry of Railways to be upgraded to airport-like ones. The redevelopment of the Ernakulam Junction railway station has recently gotten underway.<ref>https://m.timesofindia.com/city/kochi/ernakulam-junction-railway-station-development-a-step-closer-to-reality/amp_articleshow/80496755.cms</ref>

Ernakulam used to have another railway station, the Old Railway station situated behind the High Court. However it has been abandoned and cannot be used for train services now due to its close vicinity with [[Mangalavanam]] bird sanctuary, known as the lungs of Kochi city. Apart from these two busy railway stations in Ernakulam, Kochi city has many other major and minor railway stations namely [[Angamaly]], [[Aluva]], [[Kalamassery]], [[Edappally]], [[Tripunithura]] etc.

The Ernakulam region contributes heavily to the Thiruvananthapuram railway division and Southern Railway in terms of revenue and passengers. As per 2018 statistics, Ernakulam Junction (ERS) and Ernakulam North (ERN) railway stations alone contribute over 17% of the passengers and 21% of the revenue to the Thiruvananthapuram railway division. This is when the entire city of Kochi contributes 26% of the passengers and 32% of the revenue originating in the division, making it the second busiest and revenue generating city in the Southern Railways after [[Chennai]] city.

===Air===
The [[Cochin International Airport]] (in [[Nedumbassery]], Kochi), one of the largest and busiest airports in the country, is about 27 kilometers away from the centre of Kochi city, aka Ernakulam. It is among the top 4 busiest airports in the country and top 10 domestic airports in the country (7th busiest overall before lockdown). In 2015, it had become the world's first airport to be completed powered by solar energy.

The Ernakulam region of Kochi is well connected with the airport despite being far away, by road, bus, as well as metro (using the Aluva-CIAL Electric bus service "Pavan Doot" from Aluva metro station). The old civilian airport of Kochi was situated much closer to Ernakulam, at [[Willingdon Island]]. It is now formally known as INS Garuda, and is a part of the [[Southern Naval Command]] HQ.

===Metro===
Ernakulam region is very well connected with the other parts of Kochi city with the [[Kochi Metro]], which was opened in July 2017. The first phase is being set up at an estimated cost of {{INR convert|51.81|b|nolink=nos}},<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/article3219584.ece |title=Metro rail: DMRC demands prompthanding over of land, funds |newspaper=The Hindu |date=24 March 2012 |access-date=24 March 2012 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> and has a length of over 28 kilometres stretching from [[Aluva]] in the north to [[Tripunithura railway station]] in the southeast, passing through Ernakulam.
Currently 25.6 km of phase 1 from Aluva to [[Pettah, Thiruvananthapuram|Pettah]] is open to public while the remaining 2.7 km from Pettah to [[Tripunithura]] is under construction. Currently over 70% of the construction of phase 1A upto SN Junction has been completed and the stretch is expected to be commissioned by March 2022.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/pettah-sn-junction-metro-stretch-to-be-commissioned-in-march-2022/article34543576.ece</ref>

Additionally, a phase 2 line from JLN stadium metro station to [[InfoPark, Kochi|Infopark]] via [[Kakkanad]] has been sanctioned and various preparatory works like road widening are in progress. Phase 3 extension proposal from Aluva to [[Angamaly]] via the airport is in proposal stage as well.

===Water===
Ernakulam also has ferry services connecting Ernakulam with Willingdon Island, [[Mattancherry]], Fort Kochi and Mulavukadu, at intervals of 20 minutes.<ref>[http://swtd.kerala.gov.in/pages-en-IN/bsfromernakulam.php Boat Service from Ernakulam – Boat Schedules – State Water Transport Department, Government of Kerala, India]. Swtd.kerala.gov.in (25 July 2016). Retrieved on 2016-11-27.</ref>
Recently KMRL (Kochi Metro Rail Limited) initiated plan to introduce Water Metro to Integrated transport plan of greater cochin area.
Kochi water metro is one of a kind initiative in India which plans to introduce modern airconditioned ferries on the canals of Kochi for reducing congestion on the highways and also for providing easier access to islands scattered around Kochi.
SWTD (Govt. of Kerala Department) offers cheap ferry service on the following routes:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! colspan="4"| Ferry Services in the vicinity of Ernakulam
|-
! Source
! Destination
! Route via
! Comments
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| rowspan="9"| Ernakulam
| Fort Kochi
|
|
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Fort Kochi
| Embarkation(Willingdon Island)
|
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Fort Kochi (Kamalakadavu Jetty)
| Embarkation(Willingdon Island)
| SuperFast with AC & non-AC seating
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Mattancherry
| Fort Kochi, Terminals(Willingdon Island)
| Services temporarily suspended between Terminals and Mattancherry
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Mattancherry
| Embarkation(Willingdon Island), Fort Kochi, Terminals(Willingdon Island)
| Services temporarily suspended between Terminals and Mattancherry
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Vypeen
| Embarkation(Willingdon Island)
|
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Vypeen
| Embarkation(Willingdon Island), Fort Kochi
|
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Varapuzha
|
|
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Vaikom
|
|
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| High Court
| Mulavukadu Panchayat
|
|
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Vytilla
| Kakkanad(near Rajagiri Campus)
|
|
|-style="background: #2988BC; color: white"
| Chittoor
| Kadamakkudy
|
|
|}

==Media==
===Print===
Major Malayalam [[newspapers]] published in Ernakulam include ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'', ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'', ''[[Janmabhumi|Janmabhoomi]]'', ''[[Madhyamam]]'', ''[[Deshabhimani]]'', ''[[Deepika (newspaper)|Deepika]]'', ''[[Kerala Kaumudi]]'', ''[[Thejas]]'', ''Metro Vartha'', ''[[Siraj Daily]]'', ''Varthamanam'', ''[[Janayugam]]'', Kochi Vartha and ''Veekshanam''.

Popular English newspapers include ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'', ''The Times of India'', ''[[The Hindu]]'', and ''[[The New Indian Express]]''. A number of evening papers are also published from the city.<ref name="Evieningers">{{cite news
| url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/09/15/stories/2003091500530200.htm
| title=Keeping Kochi updated
| work=The Hindu
| date=15 September 2003
| access-date=2 June 2006
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810151044/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/09/15/stories/2003091500530200.htm
| archive-date=10 August 2010
| url-status=dead
}}</ref>

Newspapers in other regional languages like [[Hindi]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] are also sold in large numbers.

Being the seat of the [[Cochin Stock Exchange]], a number of financial publications are also published in the city. These include ''[[The Economic Times]]'', ''[[Business Line]]'', ''[[The Business Standard]]'' and ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]''.

Prominent magazines and religious publications like the ''[[Sathyadeepam]]'' and ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' are also published.

==Broadcasting==
===Television===
Television stations in Ernakulam include [[Jeevan TV]], [[Kairali TV|WE TV]], [[Flowers (TV channel)]] and [[Reporter TV]]. DTH services are available through [[DD Free Dish]], [[airtel digital TV]], [[Dish TV]], [[Sun Direct]], [[Tata Sky]], [[Independent TV (India)]] and [[Videocon d2h]] . The cable operators in Ernakulam are [[Asianet Cable Vision]], [[Siti Cable]], [[Kerala Vision]], [[DEN Networks]]. The local channels are [[Asianet Cable Vision]], Ernakulam cable TV and Den mtn

===Radio===
[[All India Radio]] has two [[FM broadcasting|FM]] stations in the city, operating at 102.3  [[Megahertz|MHz]] AIR Kochi FM and 107.5 MHz. AIR Rainbow FM Private FM radio stations are [[Radio Mango 91.9]], [[Red FM 93.5]], [[94.3 Club FM]] and 104.0 Radio Mirchi. These operate 24 hours a day 7 days a week.

==Places of worship==
{{Main|Places of worship in Ernakulam}}

===Temples===
* [[Ernakulam Shiva Temple]]
* Valanjambalam Devi Temple
*[[Maramkulangara Krishna Temple]]
* [[Thrikkakara temple]]
* [[Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple]]
* [[Aluva Mahadeva Temple]]
* [[Chottanikkara Temple]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ltd|first=Infokerala Communications Pvt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HL-tDwAAQBAJ&q=ernakulam+state+revenue+60%25|title=Pilgrimage to Temple Heritage 2019|date=2019-09-01|publisher=Info Kerala Communications Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-934567-8-1|language=en}}</ref>

===Mosque===
* Chembitta Pally[[Chempittapally|Chempitta Pally Juma Masjid]]
* Njalakam Juma Masjid
* Edappally Juma Masjid
* [http://kanjiramattommosque.in/ Kanjiramattam Sheikh Fariduddin Mosque]
* Pallikkara Juma Masjid, Kunnathunadu
* Calvetti Juma Masjid, Fort Kochi [https://www.culturalmapping.in/fortkochi/calvetti-juma-masjid Calvetti Juma Masjid]
* Mudikkal Juma Masjid, Perumbavoor

===Church===
* [[CSI Immanuel Church, Ernakulam]]
* [[Vallarpadam Church]] Basilica of Our Lady of Ransom, Vallarpadam-Ernakulam
*[[Mar Hormizd Syro-Malabar Church, Angamaly|Mar Hormizd Syro-malabar Catholic Church, Angamaly]]
* [[St. Mary's Cathedral, Kothamangalam]]
* [[St. Philomena's Forane Church & St. Chavara Shrine, Koonammavu]]
*[[India Pentecostal Church of God]], Ernakulam
*[[Assemblies of God in India]] church, Ernakulam
* Nadamel Marth Mariam jacobite Syrian Church<ref>[http://www.nadamelchurch.org/ St. Marys Syrian Orthodox Church, Tripunithura]</ref>
* St. George Syrian Orthodox Cathedral, Karingachira<ref>[http://www.stgeorgecathedral.in/ St. George Jacobite Syrian Cathedral, Karingachira]</ref>
* [[St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam]]
* [[Thamarachal Valiyapally]]
* St. Antony's Shrine, Kaloor<ref>{{Cite web|title=A test of heat and humidity|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/apr/17/a-test-of-heat-and-humidity-1965589.html|access-date=2020-10-28|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>[http://www.st-antonykaloor.org St. Antony's Shrine, Kaloor]. St-antonykaloor.org. Retrieved on 27 November 2016.</ref>
* Mar Yohannan Nepumsianose Syro-Malabar Catholic Church<ref>[http://digitalpaper.mathrubhumi.com/c/3685766 Clipping of Mathrubhumi Printing and Publishing – Ernakulam]. Digitalpaper.mathrubhumi.com (20 October 2014). Retrieved on 2016-11-27.</ref>
* [[Basilica of Our Lady of Snows, Pallippuram]]

==Education==
* Universities - [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]], [[National University of Advanced Legal Studies]], [[Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies]], [[Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit]]
* Colleges<ref>[http://ernakulam.nic.in/colleges1.htm Colleges of Ernakulam]. Ernakulam.nic.in. Retrieved on 27 November 2016.</ref> — [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam|Maharajas College]], [[St. Teresa's College]], [[St. Albert's College]], [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara]], [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]], [[St. Paul’s College, Kalamassery]], [[Rajagiri College of Social Sciences]], [[Bharata Mata College]], [[School of Engineering, CUSAT]], KMEA Engineering College, [[Government Medical College, Ernakulam]], [[Government Model Engineering College]],De paul institute of Science and Technology, [[Government Law College, Ernakulam]], [[Union Christian College, Aluva]], Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology, [[Federal Institute of Science and Technology|Federal Institute of Science]], [[Angamaly]], [[National University of Advanced Legal Studies]]
* Schools – SBOA Public School, Chittoor, Don Bosco Senior Secondary School, Vaduthala, [[St. Albert's HSS, Ernakulam]], Kendriya Vidyalaya Kadavanthra (Ernakulam), St. Mary's Higher Secondary School (Morakkala), St. Peter's Senior Secondary School, Kadayirupp, Najath public School, Global public school, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan — Kochi Kendra (7 schools), Sree Narayana Higher Secondary School (Thrikkanarvattom), Campion School (Edappally), Cardinal Higher Secondary School (Thrikkakara) Chinmaya Vidyalaya (Vaduthala), Choice, Vidyodaya School (Thevekkal), TocH, Christava Mahilalayam Public School, Aluva, St. Patrick's Academy, [[Angamaly]][[Kendriya Vidyalaya, Ernakulam|, Kendriya Vidyalaya]], Mountt Tabor Central School, seventh Day Adventist Higher Secondary School (Kaloor), Chinmaya Vidyapeet, St. Paul's International School Kalamassery.
* Educational associations-IIAD - Indian Institute of Architecture & Design.

Ernakulam is also the regional (Kerala) headquarters of the [[Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha]].

.Smeclabs Research and development wing of [http://www.smeclabs.com SMEC] Automation

==Politics==
Ernakulam assembly constituency is part of [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|title=Assembly Constituencies – Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
|access-date=19 October 2008
|work=Kerala
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030085443/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|archive-date=30 October 2008
}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kochi]]
* [[Kochukadavanthra]]
* [[Ernakulam district]]
* [[Aluva]]
*[[Angamaly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ernakulam}}
* [http://ernakulam.nic.in/ Government Portal for Ernakulam City]
* [http://www.ekm.kerala.gov.in/ Government Portal for the district of Ernakulam]
* [http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data/international/2011/October/international_October970.xml&section=international&col= Ernakulam is India's first smoke-free tourist spot]

{{Kochi (India) topics}}
{{Northern Travancore}}
{{Kerala topics}}
{{Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kochi]]
[[Category:Tourism in Kerala]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ernakulam district]]

Ernakulam - Revision history

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