https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Episinus Episinus - Revision history 2026-09-06T23:09:03Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Episinus&diff=165791&oldid=prev imported>Plantdrew: columns 2020-12-10T16:01:41Z <p>columns</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description| Genus of spiders}}<br /> {{Automatic taxobox<br /> | fossil_range = {{Fossil range| Palaeogene| Present}}<br /> | image = Episinus angulatus.jpg<br /> | image_caption =&#039;&#039;[[Episinus angulatus]]&#039;&#039;<br /> | taxon = Episinus<br /> | authority = [[Charles Athanase Walckenaer|Walckenaer]], 1809&lt;ref name=NMBE /&gt;<br /> | type_species = &#039;&#039;[[Episinus truncatus|E. truncatus]]&#039;&#039;<br /> | type_species_authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1809<br /> | subdivision_ranks = Species<br /> | subdivision = 61, [[#Species|see text]]<br /> | synonyms = <br /> *&#039;&#039;Episinopsis&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;[[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1894&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=Levi1962&gt;{{cite journal| last=Levi| first=H. W.| last2=Levi| first2=L. R.| year=1962| title=The genera of the spider family Theridiidae| journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology| volume=127| page=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *&#039;&#039;Hyocrea&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Simon, 1894&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=Levi1962 /&gt;<br /> *&#039;&#039;Hyptimorpha&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;[[Embrik Strand|Strand]], 1906&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=Levi1962 /&gt;<br /> *&#039;&#039;Penictis&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Simon, 1894&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=Levi1962 /&gt;<br /> *&#039;&#039;Plocamis&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Simon, 1894&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=Levi1962 /&gt;<br /> | synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=NMBE /&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Episinus&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; is a [[genus]] of [[Theridiidae|comb-footed spiders]] that was first described by [[Pierre André Latreille]] in 1809.&lt;ref name=Latr1809&gt;{{cite book| last=Latreille| first=P. A.| year=1809| title=Genera crustaceorum et insectorum| publisher=Paris 4| pages=370–371| author-link=Pierre_André_Latreille}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> They can grow up to {{convert|5|mm}} long.&lt;ref name=Latr1809 /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Species==<br /> {{as of|2020|05}} it contains sixty-one species and one subspecies, found worldwide:&lt;ref name=NMBE&gt;{{cite web| title=Gen. Episinus Walckenaer, 1809| website=World Spider Catalog Version 20.0| accessdate=2020-06-19| year=2020| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3481| doi=10.24436/2}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Div col}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus affinis|E. affinis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Bösenberg &amp; [[Embrik Strand|Strand]], 1906&lt;/small&gt; – [[India]], [[Russia]] (Far East), [[Korea]], [[Taiwan]], [[Japan]], Ryukyu Is.<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus albostriatus|E. albostriatus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;([[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1895)&lt;/small&gt; – [[Peru]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus algiricus|E. algiricus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Lucas, 1846&lt;/small&gt; – [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], [[France]], [[Italy]], Northwest Africa, Malta?<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus amoenus|E. amoenus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;[[Nathan Banks|Banks]], 1911&lt;/small&gt; – USA, [[Mexico]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus angulatus|E. angulatus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;([[John Blackwall|Blackwall]], 1836)&lt;/small&gt; – [[Europe]], [[Turkey]], Russia ([[Europe]] to West Siberia), Central Asia<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus antipodianus|E. antipodianus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;[[Octavius Pickard-Cambridge|O. Pickard-Cambridge]], 1880&lt;/small&gt; – [[New Zealand]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus aspus|E. aspus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;[[Herbert Walter Levi|Levi]], 1964&lt;/small&gt; – [[Nicaragua]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus baoshanensis|E. baoshanensis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019&lt;/small&gt; – [[China]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus bilineatus|E. bilineatus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Simon, 1894&lt;/small&gt; – [[South Africa]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus bimucronatus|E. bimucronatus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1895)&lt;/small&gt; – [[Venezuela]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus bishopi|E. bishopi]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Lessert, 1929)&lt;/small&gt; – [[Central_Africa|Congo]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus cavernicola|E. cavernicola]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;([[Władysław Kulczyński|Kulczyński]], 1897)&lt;/small&gt; – [[Croatia]], [[Slovenia]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus chiapensis|E. chiapensis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1955&lt;/small&gt; – Mexico, [[Costa Rica]] (Cocos Is.)<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus chikunii|E. chikunii]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Yoshida, 1985&lt;/small&gt; – Japan<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus colima|E. colima]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1955&lt;/small&gt; – Mexico to Panama<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus crysus|E. crysus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Buckup &amp; Marques, 1992&lt;/small&gt; – [[Brazil]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus cuzco|E. cuzco]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1967&lt;/small&gt; – Peru<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus dominicus|E. dominicus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1955&lt;/small&gt; – [[Hispaniola]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus emanus|E. emanus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1964&lt;/small&gt; – [[Panama]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus fontinalis|E. fontinalis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levy, 1985&lt;/small&gt; – [[Israel]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus garisus|E. garisus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Buckup &amp; Marques, 1992&lt;/small&gt; – Brazil<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus gibbus|E. gibbus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Zhu &amp; Wang, 1995&lt;/small&gt; – China<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus hickmani|E. hickmani]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;[[Lodovico di Caporiacco|Caporiacco]], 1949&lt;/small&gt; – [[Kenya]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus immundus|E. immundus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;([[Eugen von Keyserling|Keyserling]], 1884)&lt;/small&gt; – Peru, Brazil<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus implexus|E. implexus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1894)&lt;/small&gt; – Venezuela<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus israeliensis|E. israeliensis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levy, 1985&lt;/small&gt; – Israel<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus jimmyi|E. jimmyi]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Chavari &amp; [[Antônio Brescovit|Brescovit]], 2014&lt;/small&gt; – [[Colombia]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus juarezi|E. juarezi]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1955&lt;/small&gt; – Mexico<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus kitazawai|E. kitazawai]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Yaginuma, 1958&lt;/small&gt; – Russia (Kurile Is.), Japan<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus longabdomenus|E. longabdomenus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Zhu, 1998&lt;/small&gt; – China<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus macrops|E. macrops]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Simon, 1903&lt;/small&gt; – [[Equatorial Guinea]], Congo<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus maculipes|E. maculipes]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Cavanna, 1876&lt;/small&gt; – Europe, [[Algeria]], Turkey, [[Caucasus]]<br /> **&#039;&#039;[[Episinus maculipes|Episinus m. numidicus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Kulczyński, 1905&lt;/small&gt; – Algeria, [[Tunisia]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus maderianus|E. maderianus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Kulczyński, 1905&lt;/small&gt; – Canary Is., Madeira<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus makiharai|E. makiharai]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Okuma, 1994&lt;/small&gt; – Taiwan<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus marignaci|E. marignaci]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Lessert, 1933)&lt;/small&gt; – [[Angola]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus meruensis|E. meruensis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;[[Albert Tullgren|Tullgren]], 1910&lt;/small&gt; – [[Tanzania]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus moyobamba|E. moyobamba]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1964&lt;/small&gt; – Peru<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus mucronatus|E. mucronatus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1894)&lt;/small&gt; – [[Singapore]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus nadleri|E. nadleri]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1955&lt;/small&gt; – Bahama Is., [[Jamaica]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus nanyue|E. nanyue]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Yin, 2012&lt;/small&gt; – China<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus nubilus|E. nubilus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Yaginuma, 1960&lt;/small&gt; – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Is.<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus panamensis|E. panamensis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1955&lt;/small&gt; – Panama<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus pentagonalis|E. pentagonalis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Chakrabarti, 2013&lt;/small&gt; – India<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus porteri|E. porteri]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1901)&lt;/small&gt; – [[Chile]], [[Argentina]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus punctisparsus|E. punctisparsus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Yoshida, 1983&lt;/small&gt; – Taiwan<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus pyrus|E. pyrus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1964&lt;/small&gt; – Panama<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus rhomboidalis|E. rhomboidalis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1895)&lt;/small&gt; – [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], Singapore<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus rio|E. rio]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1967&lt;/small&gt; – Brazil<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus similanus|E. similanus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Urquhart, 1893&lt;/small&gt; – New Zealand<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus similitudus|E. similitudus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Urquhart, 1893&lt;/small&gt; – New Zealand<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus taibeli|E. taibeli]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Caporiacco, 1949&lt;/small&gt; – [[Ethiopia]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus teresopolis|E. teresopolis]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1964&lt;/small&gt; – Brazil<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus theridioides|E. theridioides]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Simon, 1873&lt;/small&gt; – Spain, France (mainland, [[Corsica]]), Italy ([[Sardinia]])<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus truncatus|E. truncatus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Latreille, 1809&lt;/small&gt; ([[Type_species|type]]) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, [[Iran]]<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus typicus|E. typicus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Nicolet, 1849)&lt;/small&gt; – Chile<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus unitus|E. unitus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1964&lt;/small&gt; – [[Cuba]], Jamaica<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus variacorneus|E. variacorneus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Chen, Peng &amp; Zhao, 1992&lt;/small&gt; – China<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus vaticus|E. vaticus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1964&lt;/small&gt; – Costa Rica, Panama<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus xiushanicus|E. xiushanicus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Zhu, 1998&lt;/small&gt; – China<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus yoshidai|E. yoshidai]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Okuma, 1994&lt;/small&gt; – Taiwan<br /> *&#039;&#039;[[Episinus zurlus|E. zurlus]]&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1964&lt;/small&gt; – Venezuela<br /> {{Div col end}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Formerly included:&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> {{Div col}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. bicorniger&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1894)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;[[Janula]]&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. bicornis&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Thorell, 1881)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. bicruciatus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1895)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. bifrons&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Thorell, 1895)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. caudifer&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Dönitz &amp; Strand, 1906&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;[[Moneta_(spider)|Moneta]]&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. coercerveus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Roberts, 1978&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Moneta&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. conifer&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Urquhart, 1886)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Moneta&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. erythrophthalmus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1894)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. gratiosus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Bryant, 1940&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;[[Neopisinus]]&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. longipes&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Keyserling, 1884&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Neopisinus&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. luteolimbatus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Thorell, 1898)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. malachinus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1895)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. marginatus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Thorell, 1898)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. minusculus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Gertsch, 1936&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;[[Chrosiothes]]&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. mirabilis&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Bösenberg &amp; Strand, 1906)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Moneta&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. modestus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Thorell, 1898)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. nebulosus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1895)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. ocreatus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1909)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. paiki&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Seo, 1985&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Moneta&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. pictus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1895)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. recifensis&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Levi, 1964&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Neopisinus&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. salobrensis&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1895)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. spinigeroides&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Zhu &amp; Song, 1992&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Moneta&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. tanikawai&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Yoshida, 1991&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Moneta&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. taprobanicus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;(Simon, 1895)&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Janula&#039;&#039;)<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. yoshimurai&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Yoshida, 1983&lt;/small&gt; (Transferred to &#039;&#039;Moneta&#039;&#039;)<br /> {{Div col end}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Nomen dubium]]&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *&#039;&#039;E. americanus&#039;&#039; &lt;small&gt;Nicolet, 1849&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Theridiidae species]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar| from=Q389793}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Araneomorphae genera]]<br /> [[Category:Cosmopolitan spiders]]<br /> [[Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille]]<br /> [[Category:Theridiidae]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Theridiidae-stub}}</div> imported>Plantdrew